Carbon Balance of the Sultana Vine (Vitis vinifera L.) And the Effects of Autumn Defoliation by Harvest-Pruning

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Scholefield ◽  
TF Neales ◽  
P May
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Harvesting Method

Components of the carbon balance in the Sultana vine (Vitis vinifera L.) were examined with emphasis on the autumn, post-harvest, period. The net photosynthetic rate (PN) of leaves decreased from 0.30 to 0.03 mg CO2 m-2 s-1 from January to May (late summer to autumn). Two-thirds of this decline cocurred in the month before leaf fall. This decline in PN as senescence progressed was mainly due to increases in the 'residual', non-gas-phase, resistance to CO2 transfer. 14C-labelled assimilates were shown to move from the leaves to the perennial portions of the vine in both early and late autumn, and this 14C label reappeared in the shoot growth of the following spring. However, the level of carbohydrate reserves in shoots, roots or trunk in the autumn to spring period was not significantly affected by a severe (c. 60%) defoliation in early autumn. This level of defoliation, which the vine is able to tolerate without cumulative effects, occurs where Sultana vines are 'harvest-pruned' as part of the harvesting method of trellis drying.

The net carbon balance in relation to growth and biomass accumulation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon) grown in a controlled environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Sylvie M. Sicard
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Carbon Economy

Assessing the impacts of environmental stresses on plant growth and productivity requires an understanding of the growth processes and the carbon economy that underpins this growth. Potted grapevines of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon were grown in a controlled environment and canopy growth; leaf, bunch and stem extension and net photosynthesis were routinely measured from budbreak to harvest. Allometric relationships enabled dry matter to be determined and, with net photosynthesis, used to determine the shoot carbon economy. Stems, leaves and bunches all followed a sigmoid growth pattern with leaves and stems allocated similar amounts of biomass and carbon while bunches had twice as much. Rates of carbon sequestered as biomass exceeded rates of carbon acquisition through net photosynthesis for over 25 days after budbreak. Despite the high demand for biomass in bunch growth, rates of carbon sequestration actually declined and overall, the vines maintained a positive carbon balance throughout the period of bunch growth. The Semillon shoots relied on carbon reserves to commence growth then produced a 53% carbon surplus after leaf (9%), stem (10%) and bunch (28%) growth demands were satisfied. This suggests these vines also allocated carbon to reserves to sustain the next season’s growth.

An Analysis of Photosynthetic Response to Salt Treatment in Vitis vinifera

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Walker ◽  
E Torokfalvy ◽  
NS Scott ◽  
PE Kriedemann
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Fraction I

Rooted cuttings of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana; syn. Thompson Seedless) were grown under glasshouse conditions and supplied with dilute nutrient solution containing either 0 or 90 mM of added NaCl. Growth and photosynthetic response to salt treatment and subsequent recovery were followed over 80 days. Shoot growth and photosynthesis were reduced by salt treatment. At relatively low concentrations of leaf chloride (< c. 150 mM, on a tissue water basis), photosynthetic reduction was largely due to increased stomatal resistance. Internal disturbances were involved at higher leaf Cl- concentrations (> c. 150 mM) and included an apparent reduction in photochemical efficiency and a faster rate of photorespiration. Levels of fraction I protein, and specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase measured in vitro, were not reduced by salt treatment. Vines showed remarkable adaptation to salinity insofar as leaves maintained positive turgor despite leaf Cl- concentrations exceeding 300 mM, implying osmotic adjustment. Cessation of salt treatment led to an immediate decrease in leaf Cl-, a promotion of shoot growth and a progressive recovery in photosynthesis accompanied by a marked but not necessarily concurrent reduction in both stomatal and internal resistances. Leaves tolerated Cl- levels up to 200 mM (under glasshouse conditions) without sustaining permanent reduction in photosynthetic activity. New shoots formed subsequent to stress relief are not a prerequisite for Cl- retranslocation from mature leaves as decapitation at the time of stress relief did not prevent attenuation of leaf Cl- or recovery in photosynthesis.

Effects of fruiting on vegetative growth and development dynamics of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon) can be traced back to events at or before budbreak

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Chris Weston
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Maximum Expansion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
The Impact

Leaf and shoot growth and development patterns in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon were analysed dynamically. Potted fruiting and vegetative vines were grown in controlled conditions and budbreak, leaf and internode (metamers) appearance and expansion were measured. Buds were also dissected microscopically. Metamer appearance occurred in three zones; the first 5–6 metamers emerged as a cluster with fastest expansion and largest size. Marked differences in sizes and dynamics of growth occurred between fruiting and vegetative vines because flowers were absent. The next 13–14 preformed metamers appeared at a constant rate and metamer size declined along the shoot. Timing of maximum expansion and duration of growth of the metamers in this cohort was increasingly delayed in fruiting compared with vegetative vines. Beyond node 20, neoformed metamers emerged at a slow constant rate and were smallest overall. Throughout development, extension of the internode occurred before expansion of the subtending leaf, consistent with the liana habit of grapevines. Differences between fruiting and vegetative vines in metamer development were observed just after budbreak and these differences generally appreciated over time. The impact of reproduction on vegetative growth can, therefore, likely be attributed to competition for carbohydrate between floral and leaf primordia in the dormant or breaking bud, accounting for the smaller leaves and internodes.

scholarly journals Phenology, Canopy Aging and Seasonal Carbon Balance as Related to Delayed Winter Pruning of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese Grapevines

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gatti ◽  
Facundo J. Pirez ◽  
Giorgio Chiari ◽  
Sergio Tombesi ◽  
Alberto Palliotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L

The effects of cane girdling before budbreak on shoot growth, leaf area and carbohydrate content of Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon Blanc grapevines

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Eltom ◽  
Mike Trought ◽  
Chris Winefield
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud

The influence of restricting available carbohydrates (CHOs) on shoot growth was studied by cane girdling field grown Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon Blanc grapevines before budbreak. Canes were girdled 5, 10 or 20 cm from the terminal bud of the cane, and the shoot growth of the terminal bud was monitored over the course of a single growing season. A linear relationship was found between the initial rate of shoot growth and the amount of cane isolated by the girdle. A decrease in available CHOs during initial shoot growth appeared to inhibit the shoot’s ability to produce new vegetative nodes past the point of discontinuity, resulting in a decrease in total leaf area due to incomplete leaf expansion. The transition from the vine’s dependence on reserve CHOs to a net positive state appeared to occur when shoot growth reached a steady state. In the case of severe CHO restriction, no lateral growth occurred, suggesting the CHO status in the vine may play a role in lateral bud growth. The cross-sectional area of canes or shoots were shown to have a linear relationship to their CHO content, which allows for an estimation of the amount of CHOs required to obtain growth similar to the control treatment. Additionally, main shoot leaf area can be used to predict total CHO content in the shoot at harvest.

Grapevine rootstock effects on scion biomass are not associated with large modifications of primary shoot growth under nonlimiting conditions in the first year of growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jane Cookson ◽  
Cyril Hevin ◽  
Martine Donnart ◽  
Nathalie Ollat
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Primary Growth

In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), rootstocks are known to alter scion development by modifying stem weight and yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate the contribution of primary growth to the rootstock effects on scion biomass. The shoot growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon N autografted and grafted onto Vitis riparia cv. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier and Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris cv. 1103 Paulsen was studied in young plants grown in pots trained to one stem in two experiments. Stem elongation and phytomer emergence were studied from grafting until the end of the growth season. The elongation of the Cabernet Sauvignon N leaves, tendrils and internodes of each phytomer along the stem was fitted using sigmoid curves. The rootstocks studied slightly altered the growth dynamics of the leaves, internodes and tendrils of the scion. This is the first study to examine the effect of rootstocks on shoot growth dynamics in any species. The alterations in primary growth were small, suggesting that rootstocks may alter scion biomass principally by modifying secondary growth.

Effects of waterlogging, rootstock and salinity on Na, Cl and K concentrations of the leaf and root, and shoot growth of sultana grapevines

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Stevens ◽  
G Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Potted Sultana vines ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana) on own-roots or grafted onto Ramsey, Harmony, Schwarzmann or 1613 rootstocks were irrigated with solutions containing 1, 10, 20, 40 or 60 mM NaCl. Half the vines had free-draining rootzones and the other half were waterlogged for the first week in a 2-week cycle. The vines were harvested after seven cycles. Raising the irrigation salinity from 1 to 60 mM caused growth to decline by 47% in vines with free-draining rootzones and by 61% in vines with waterlogged rootzones. Under saline conditions, the use of chloride excluding rootstock reduced leaf chloride concentration by 60% in vines with free-draining rootzones but by only 18% in vines with waterlogged rootzones. Waterlogging decreased the root chloride concentration in all rootstocks. The leaf potassium concentration was reduced by waterlogging at irrigation salinities less than 20 mM NaCl and increased by waterlogging at higher salinities. Waterlogging altered the relative effects of rootstock on leaf potassium.

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