Distinction and characterisation of rice genotypes tolerant to combined stresses of salinity and partial submergence, proved by a high-resolution chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhubaneswar Pradhan ◽  
Koushik Chakraborty ◽  
Nibedita Prusty ◽  
Deepa ◽  
Arup Kumar Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Submergence Stress

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters measured with fluorescence imaging techniques were used to investigate the combined effect of salt and partial submergence stress to understand photosynthetic performance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ChlF parameters such as maximal fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv=Fm –F0), the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y(NO)) were able to distinguish genotypes precisely based on their sensitivity to stress. Upon analysis, we found the images of F0 were indistinguishable among the genotypes, irrespective of their tolerance to salt and partial submergence stress. On the contrary, the images of Fm and Fv/Fm showed marked differences between the tolerant and susceptible genotypes in terms of tissue greenness and the appearance of dark spots as stress symptoms. The images of effective PSII quantum yield, the coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) captured under different PAR were able to distinguish the tolerant and susceptible genotypes, and were also quite effective for differentiating the tolerant and moderately tolerant ones. Similarly, the values of electron transport rate, qN, qP and Y(NO) were also able to distinguish the genotypes based on their sensitivity to stress. Overall, this investigation indicates the suitability of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique for precise phenotyping of rice based on their sensitivity to the combined effect of salt and partial submergence.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging captures photochemical efficiency of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in a field setting

Plant Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Herritt ◽  
Duke Pauli ◽  
Todd C. Mockler ◽  
Alison L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Field Setting

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging-Based Duckweed Phenotyping to Assess Acute Phytotoxic Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Viktor Oláh ◽  
Anna Hepp ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Ilona Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects

Duckweeds (Lemnaceae species) are extensively used models in ecotoxicology, and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging offers a sensitive and high throughput platform for phytotoxicity assays with these tiny plants. However, the vast number of potentially applicable chlorophyll fluorescence-based test endpoints makes comparison and generalization of results hard among different studies. The present study aimed to jointly measure and compare the sensitivity of various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Spirodela polyrhiza (giant duckweed) plants exposed to nickel, chromate (hexavalent chromium) and sodium chloride for 72 h, respectively. The photochemistry of Photosystem II in both dark- and light-adapted states of plants was assessed via in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method. Our results indicated that the studied parameters responded with very divergent sensitivity, highlighting the importance of parallelly assessing several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Generally, the light-adapted parameters were more sensitive than the dark-adapted ones. Thus, the former ones might be the preferred endpoints in phytotoxicity assays. Fv/Fm, i.e., the most extensively reported parameter literature-wise, proved to be the least sensitive endpoint; therefore, future studies might also consider reporting Fv/Fo, as its more responsive analogue. The tested toxicants induced different trends in the basic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and, at least partly, in relative proportions of different quenching processes, suggesting that a basic distinction of water pollutants with different modes of action might be achievable by this method. We found definite hormetic patterns in responses to several endpoints. Hormesis occurred in the concentration ranges where the applied toxicants resulted in strong growth inhibition in longer-term exposures of the same duckweed clone in previous studies. These findings indicate that changes in the photochemical efficiency of plants do not necessarily go hand in hand with growth responses, and care should be taken when one exclusively interprets chlorophyll fluorescence-based endpoints as general proxies for phytotoxic effects.

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of photosynthetic activity with the flash-lamp fluorescence imaging system

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
G. Langsdorf ◽  
S. Lenk ◽  
C. Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Flash Lamp ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging System

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis for Elucidating the Mechanism of Photosystem II Acclimation to Cadmium Exposure in the Hyperaccumulating Plant Noccaea caerulescens

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülriz Bayçu ◽  
Julietta Moustaka ◽  
Nurbir Gevrek ◽  
Michael Moustakas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
Noccaea Caerulescens ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Cd Exposure

We provide new data on the mechanism of Noccaea caerulescens acclimation to Cd exposure by elucidating the process of photosystem II (PSII) acclimation by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis. Seeds from the metallophyte N. caerulescens were grown in hydroponic culture for 12 weeks before exposure to 40 and 120 μM Cd for 3 and 4 days. At the beginning of exposure to 40 μM Cd, we observed a spatial leaf heterogeneity of decreased PSII photochemistry, that later recovered completely. This acclimation was achieved possibly through the reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool signaling. Exposure to 120 μM Cd under the growth light did not affect PSII photochemistry, while under high light due to a photoprotective mechanism (regulated heat dissipation for protection) that down-regulated PSII quantum yield, the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) decreased even more than control values. Thus, N. caerulescens plants exposed to 120 μM Cd for 4 days exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as singlet oxygen (1O2). The response of N. caerulescens to Cd exposure fits the ‘Threshold for Tolerance Model’, with a lag time of 4 d and a threshold concentration of 40 μM Cd required for the induction of the acclimation mechanism.

Characterization and Detection of Leaf Photosynthetic Response to Citrus Huanglongbing from Cool to Hot Seasons in Two Orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-512
Author(s):  
Haiyong Weng ◽  
Yibing Zeng ◽  
Haiyan Cen ◽  
Mubin He ◽  
Youqing Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Citrus Huanglongbing ◽  
Asymptomatic Stage ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

HighlightsAn abnormal accumulation of sucrose and glucose was found in HLB-infected leaves, and it presented a similar pattern in different orchards from cool to hot seasons.A decreasing value of the actual quantum yield of PSII (FPSII) in HLB-infected leaves was mainly related to an increase of non-regulated energy quenching (FNO) due to the irreversible damage of PSII.Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging combined with a random forest was able to identify HLB at the asymptomatic stage.Abstract Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) poses a serious threat to citrus production. This research aimed to explore chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for characterizing the photosynthetic response to HLB-infected citrus leaves in different orchards and seasons. Chlorophyll fluorescence images of citrus leaves were acquired with an in-house chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. It was found that sucrose and glucose accumulated earlier than starch in HLB-infected leaves, and a similar carbohydrate metabolic pattern was observed in HLB-infected leaves grown in different orchards from cool to hot seasons. The pathogen damaged the thylakoid structure of chloroplasts with a higher value of Fo. It decreased photosynthetic activity of the host by reducing the number of active photosynthetic centers and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) with lower values of Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm. Additionally, the pathogen modified the allocation of excitation energy in citrus leaves by reducing the actual quantum yield of PSII (FPSII) due to an increase of non-regulated energy quenching (FNO), which indicated irreversible PSII damage before symptom development. Moreover, photosynthetic signatures combined with the random forest method were able to identify HLB in the asymptomatic stage with an overall accuracy of 91.8%. These results demonstrated the potential of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for evaluating the photosynthetic response to HLB as well as disease diagnosis. Keywords: Carbohydrate metabolism, Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, Citrus Huanglongbing, Photosynthetic efficiency, Random forest model.

Photoinhibitory printing on leaves, visualised by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and confocal microscopy, is due to diminished fluorescence from grana

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Osmond ◽  
Owen Schwartz ◽  
Brian Gunning
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Chlorophyll Autofluorescence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Living Tissues

By analogy with the starch printing technique, it was hypothesised that photoinhibition could be used to print images on leaves that would be invisible to the eye, but easily revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. We first illustrate the process of chlorophyll fluorescence printing on leaves of the shade plant, Cissus rhombifolia, using photographs of artefacts from starch printing experiments in the laboratory of Molisch. We then use portraits of current leaders in chlorophyll fluorescence research to demonstrate the stability of these images in living tissues. Text printing from microfilm of Ewart’s pioneering studies in photoinhibition shows the resolution of the method with the fixed-focus, portable, imaging system used here. The stability of images, as well as quenching analysis of images and of leaves, suggests that localised photoinactivation, rather than sustained photoprotection, is responsible for the detail displayed by fluorescence printing. Electron micrograph positives of stained thylakoids can be printed to create an illusion of what is imagined to be the source of chlorophyll fluorescence at the membrane level. Individual chloroplasts in adjacent cells under the grid pattern of granal stacks printed on leaves were also examined using a confocal microscope. Compared with chloroplasts in the shaded parts of the grid, those in the photoinactivated parts of the grid show greatly reduced chlorophyll autofluorescence. Moreover, these chloroplasts have lost the localised bright fluorescence from grana. Comparisons of fluorescence yields show that relative chlorophyll autofluorescence from grana observed in the confocal microscope parallels that determined in leaves. Our experiments provide direct visual evidence that fluorescence from grana is lost following photoinactivation of photosystem II in vivo.

scholarly journals High throughput procedure utilising chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to phenotype dynamic photosynthesis and photoprotection in leaves under controlled gaseous conditions

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna McAusland ◽  
Jonathan A. Atkinson ◽  
Tracy Lawson ◽  
Erik H. Murchie
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Dynamic Photosynthesis

Abstract Background As yields of major crops such as wheat (T. aestivum) have begun to plateau in recent years, there is growing pressure to efficiently phenotype large populations for traits associated with genetic advancement in yield. Photosynthesis encompasses a range of steady state and dynamic traits that are key targets for raising Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE), biomass production and grain yield in crops. Traditional methodologies to assess the full range of responses of photosynthesis, such a leaf gas exchange, are slow and limited to one leaf (or part of a leaf) per instrument. Due to constraints imposed by time, equipment and plant size, photosynthetic data is often collected at one or two phenological stages and in response to limited environmental conditions. Results Here we describe a high throughput procedure utilising chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to phenotype dynamic photosynthesis and photoprotection in excised leaves under controlled gaseous conditions. When measured throughout the day, no significant differences (P > 0.081) were observed between the responses of excised and intact leaves. Using excised leaves, the response of three cultivars of T. aestivum to a user—defined dynamic lighting regime was examined. Cultivar specific differences were observed for maximum PSII efficiency (Fv′/Fm′—P < 0.01) and PSII operating efficiency (Fq′/Fm′—P = 0.04) under both low and high light. In addition, the rate of induction and relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was also cultivar specific. A specialised imaging chamber was designed and built in-house to maintain gaseous conditions around excised leaf sections. The purpose of this is to manipulate electron sinks such as photorespiration. The stability of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) was monitored inside the chambers and found to be within ± 4.5% and ± 1% of the mean respectively. To test the chamber, T. aestivum ‘Pavon76’ leaf sections were measured under at 20 and 200 mmol mol−1 O2 and ambient [CO2] during a light response curve. The Fv′/Fm′was significantly higher (P < 0.05) under low [O2] for the majority of light intensities while values of NPQ and the proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP) were significantly lower under > 130 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Conclusions Here we demonstrate the development of a high-throughput (> 500 samples day−1) method for phenotyping photosynthetic and photo-protective parameters in a dynamic light environment. The technique exploits chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in a specifically designed chamber, enabling controlled gaseous environment around leaf sections. In addition, we have demonstrated that leaf sections do not different from intact plant material even > 3 h after sampling, thus enabling transportation of material of interest from the field to this laboratory based platform. The methodologies described here allow rapid, custom screening of field material for variation in photosynthetic processes.

Application of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique in analysis and detection of chilling injury of tomato seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 105109
Author(s):  
Zhenfen Dong ◽  
Yuheng Men ◽  
Zhenzhen Liu ◽  
Jinpeng Li ◽  
Jianwei Ji
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Tomato Seedlings
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