On the New World spiders previously misplaced in Leptopholcus: molecular and morphological analyses and descriptions of four new species (Araneae : Pholcidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard A. Huber ◽  
Leonardo S. Carvalho ◽  
Suresh P. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
South American ◽  
World Species ◽  
American Clade

The generic placement of New World pholcids assigned to the genus Leptopholcus Simon, 1893 has long been questioned and recent molecular data have shown that Caribbean (Hispaniolan) representatives are more closely related to the Old World genus Micropholcus Deeleman-Reinhold & Prinsen, 1987 than to ‘true’ African Leptopholcus (Dimitrov, Astrin and Huber 2013, Cladistics 29: 132–146). Here we provide new molecular (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, H3, WNT1) and morphological data about Caribbean (Cuban, Puerto Rican) and South American (Brazilian) representatives, supporting the sister-group relationship with Micropholcus and suggesting a monophyletic New World clade that in turn consists of a Caribbean and a South American clade. The ten New World species previously assigned to Leptopholcus are thus transferred to Micropholcus for which an emended diagnosis is provided: M. baoruco (Huber, 2006), comb. nov.; M. brazlandia (Huber, Pérez & Baptista, 2005), comb. nov.; M. dalei (Petrunkevitch, 1929), comb. nov.; M. delicatulus (Franganillo, 1930), comb. nov.; M. evaluna (Huber, Pérez & Baptista, 2005), comb. nov.; M. hispaniola (Huber, 2000), comb. nov.; M. jamaica (Huber, 2000), comb. nov.; M. kiskeya (Huber & Wunderlich, 2006), comb. nov.; M. pataxo (Huber, Pérez & Baptista, 2005), comb. nov.; M. toma (Huber, 2006), comb. nov. Four Brazilian species are newly described: M. piaui, sp. nov.; M. piracuruca, sp. nov.; M. crato, sp. nov.; M. ubajara, sp. nov. Natural history data are provided for M. piaui and M. ubajara.

The greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, and its generic relationships within the subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W.H. Trueman ◽  
Rita Marullo ◽  
Laurence A. Mound
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Heliothrips Haemorrhoidalis ◽  
Generic Relationships

AbstractThe subfamily Panchaetothripinae, comprising 35 genera and 98 species, includes several pest species of which the most notorious is the greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis. In an attempt to establish the sister-group of Heliothrips, the relationships of this genus to 31 of the other genera in the subfamily were examined cladistically, using 35 parsimony-informative morphological characters. The analysis indicated that there was no support for two of the three tribes into which this subfamily is customarily arranged, the Monilothripini and the Panchaetothripini, but weak support for the tribe Tryphactothripini. No clear sister-group relationship could be identified for the New World genus Heliothrips, although it grouped with three old world genera Australothrips, Retithrips and Rhipiphorothrips. It is concluded that a morphological data set is not capable of producing a robust phylogeny of the Panchaetothripinae, and that the subject requires re-examination using molecular data.

Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of genus Yoraperla (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill P. Stark ◽  
C. Riley Nelson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Asian Clade ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
American Clade

AbstractYoraperla Ricker, 1952 is revised and 4 nearctic and 3 oriental species are recognized. Three new species, X siletz, Y. han and Y. uchidai, are described and Y. nigrisoma (Banks, 1948) is removed from the synonymy of Y. brevis (Banks, 1907). Phylogenetic and zoogeographic analyses support the hypothesis of two disjunct clades isolated by an increase in sea level in the Bering Straits. The east Asian clade is consistently resolved with the two Korean species Y. han and Y. uchidai forming a sister group relationship apart from the Japanese species Y. uenoi, while resolution of the western North American clade is less secure. Yoraperla probably arose in the Sierra Nevada of North America and migrated to east Asia along an inland route including the Rocky Mts. Future collection and conservation suggestions are given.

A NEW LIPOPTENA FROM CHILE, WITH A KEY TO THE NEW WORLD SPECIES (DIPTERA: HIPPOBOSCIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Peterson ◽  
T. C. Maa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
South American ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
World Species

AbstractLipoptena pudui n. sp. was taken from the cervid Pudu pudu (Molina), in central Chile. This is the first ked-fly known from this species of pygmy South American deer. The new species is closely related to L. guimaraesi Beq. and is characterized chiefly by the long narrow palpi and the non-constricted pronotum. A revised key to the New World species of Lipoptena is presented.

Cladistic relationships among higher groups of Heteroptera: congruence between morphological and molecular data sets

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward C. Wheeler ◽  
Ranhy Bang ◽  
Randall T. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

AbstractThe monophyly of the 7 infraorders of Heteroptera and history of higher group concepts and interrelationships within the Heteroptera are briefly reviewed. Data from 31 morphological characters are combined with 669 bases of 18S nuclear rDNA for 29 taxa, including several outgroups to the Heteroptera, to produce a phylogeny based on the total available evidence. The molecular data alone and in conjunction with morphological data indicate that: the Homoptera are probably not monophyletic; the Auchenorrhyncha are the sister group of Coleorrhyncha + Heteroptera ; the Enicocephalomorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Dipsocoromorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Gerromorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Nepomorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Leptopodomorpha are the sister group of the Cimicomorpha + Pentatomomorpha. The molecular evidence corroborates the morphologically based theory of a sister group relationship between Aradoidea and trichophoran Pentatomomorpha. This scheme deviates from that previously published by Schuh, in which the Leptopodomorpha were treated as the sister group of the Nepomorpha.

A revision of the family Syringogastridae (Diptera: Diopsoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1996 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. MARSHALL ◽  
M. BUCK ◽  
J. H. SKEVINGTON ◽  
D. GRIMALDI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
South American ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Molecular Characters

The New World family Syringogastridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) with the single genus Syringogaster is revised. Eleven new extant species are described in four newly recognized species groups to give a total of 20 extant species (S. brachypecta, S. apiculata and S. tenuipes in the rufa-group; S. atricalyx, S. figurata, S. plesioterga, and S. dactylopleura in the figurata-group; and S. nigrithorax, S. brunneina, S. sharkeyi and S. palenque in the brunnea-group; Marshall & Buck are the authors of all extant new species). The craigi-group includes two new fossil species, S. miocenecus Grimaldi and S. craigi Grimaldi, each described on the basis of a unique Miocene (ca. 17 myo) amber specimen from the Dominican Republic. Morphological and molecular characters are used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species of Syringogastridae, and between Syringogastridae and related diopsids. The fossil species appear to form the sister group to the Central and South American figurata group, and reveal Antillean extinction of the family from earlier in the Tertiary.

Gill arch and hyoid arch diversity and cypriniform phylogeny: Distributed integration of morphology and web-based tools

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2877 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA M. MABEE ◽  
ERICKA A. GREY ◽  
GLORIA ARRATIA ◽  
NINA BOGUTSKAYA ◽  
ALICJA BORON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Anatomy Ontology ◽  
Hyoid Arch ◽  
Reference Ontology ◽  
Phylogenetic Resolution ◽  
Image Repository

Using the multiple tools available to support an online collaborative environment, we surveyed 62 morphological features from the hyoid arch and gill arches of 53 species of cypriniform fishes that matched those sampled in recent molecularanalyses and two sets of outgroup species (‘Saitoh outgroups’ and ‘Basal outgroups’). This is a skeletal region whose variation is considered historically significant within fishes and Cypriniformes in particular, and we review previous work in light of our own. The clarity of description of characters was enhanced by the use of a community reference ontology, the Teleost Anatomy Ontology. Terms, synonyms, and definitions for skeletal features from this region were contributed to this ontology, and links to these terms and relationships are included in our character descriptions. One thousand two hundred sixty-three images of features from this region were linked to ontology terms and deposited in a community image repository, Morphbank; these are linked to the characters described herein. Character data were analyzed using parsimony and Bayesian methods for two sets of outgroups, one of which matched that used in previous molecular analyses. The parsimony results, using either outgroup set, indicated similar higher-level relationships, including a sister group relationship between cyprinids and loaches. A basal trichotomy among Gyrinocheilus, catostomids and cyprinids + loaches was the result of Saitoh outgroup analysis in contrast to a sister group relationship between Gyrinocheilus and catostomids discovered in the Basal outgroup analysis. Interestingly, analyses including basal outgroups recovered a monophyletic Cyprinidae, consistent with all previous studies. Character evolution that supports higher-level nodes of interest in the consensus tree is described. In some respects, it might be a surprise that 62 morphological characters from a small skeletal region for only 53 cypriniform species (out of over 3,200 total species) could provide as much resolution as it does. We expect, however, further phylogenetic resolution as morphological data from across skeleton regions are combined, species sampling is increased, and molecular data are added.

scholarly journals Dating the origin and diversification of Pan-Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) under multiple molecular clock approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alfredo Holley ◽  
Juliana Sterli ◽  
Néstor G. Basso
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
The Individual

Pan-Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) is a group of side-necked turtles with a currently disjointed distribution in South America and Australasia and characterized by two morphotypes: the long-necked and the short-necked chelids. Both geographic groups include both morphotypes, but different phylogenetic signals are obtained from morphological and molecular data, suggesting the monophyly of the long-necked chelids or the independent evolution of this trait in both groups. In this paper, we addressed this conflict by compiling and editing available molecular and morphological data for Pan-Chelidae, and performing phylogenetic and dating analyses over the individual and the combined datasets. Our total-evidence phylogenetic analysis recovered the clade Chelidae as monophyletic and as sister group of a clade of South American extinct chelids; furthermore Chelidae retained inside the classical molecular structure with the addition of extinct taxa in both the Australasian and the South American clades. Our dating results suggest a Middle Jurassic origin for the total clade Pan-Chelidae, an Early Cretaceous origin for Chelidae, a Late Cretaceous basal diversification of both geographic clades with the emergence of long-necked lineages, and an Eocene diversification at genera level, with the emergence of some species before the final breakup of Southern Gondwana and the remaining species after this event.

The pitfalls of exaggeration: molecular and morphological evidence suggests Kaliana is a synonym of Mesabolivar (Araneae: Pholcidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1646 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS J. ASTRIN ◽  
BERNHARD MISOF ◽  
BERNHARD A. HUBER
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Close Relationship

When the Venezuelan genus Kaliana Huber, 2000 was described, it was based on a single male specimen that was morphologically unique among pholcid spiders, especially in its extremely exaggerated male genitalia. The morphology of the recently discovered female suggests a close relationship with Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998. Using molecular sequences (mitochondrial CO1, 16S, and nuclear 28S) of Kaliana yuruani Huber, 2000 and 53 other pholcid taxa (152 sequences, 19 of them sequenced in this study) in a Bayesian and a maximum parsimony approach, we show that Kaliana is not sister group of, but nested within the species-rich South American genus Mesabolivar. Therefore, we argue that Kaliana is a junior synonym of Mesabolivar (Mesabolivar yuruani, n. comb.). Complementing previous studies on pholcid phylogeny, we also present evidence for a close relationship between Mesabolivar and Carapoia, support the synonymy of Anomalaia and Metagonia with molecular data, support the monophyly of 'ninetines' and question the recently postulated position of Priscula as nested within the New World clade.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Variation and Phylogeography of the Eastern and Western Screech-Owls

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Proudfoot ◽  
Frederick R. Gehlbach ◽  
Rodney L. Honeycutt
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
South American ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Unique Haplotype ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Megascops Asio

Abstract Abstract. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (930 base pairs) were used to examine patterns of variation within and between Eastern (Megascops asio) and Western (M. kennicottii) Screech-Owls, and to assess taxonomic affinity of Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) and Whiskered Screech-Owls (M. trichopsis). Analyses support monophyly of the New World Megascops, a sister-group relationship between O. flammeolus and New World forms of Megascops, rather than with Old World Otus, and a closer relationship between the mostly North American M. trichopsis and South American Megascops than between M. trichopsis and North American Megascops. Megascops asio and M. kennicottii formed two distinct monophyletic clades, supporting species-level designations as suggested by morphology and song. Evidence for distinctive subspecies of eastern and western forms of screech-owls was less compelling. In the M. asio group, M. a. mccallii was the only subspecies with a unique haplotype; other subspecies within M. asio were phylogenetically indistinguishable. Subspecies within M. kennicottii were partitioned into three geographic groups, and differences are probably the result of barriers to gene flow (e.g., mountains above 2300 m), which are more pronounced throughout the distribution of M. kennicottii than in the distribution of M. asio.

Ternatus, a new spider genus from China with a cladistic analysis and comments on its phylogenetic placement (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3358 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
NING SUN ◽  
BIN LI ◽  
LIHONG TU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

A new spider genus, Ternatus n. gen., is erected to accommodate two new erigonine species from China, Ternatus malleatusn. sp. and Ternatus siculus n. sp. Descriptions and illustrations of the new genus and new species are provided. To test the phy-logenetic placement within Linyphiidae, morphological data of the two new species were added to the matrices of two previousstudies addressing the higher level phylogeny of erigonine spiders. The results of the cladistic analyses support the monophyly of the new genus and its sister group relationship to the genus Gonatium Menge, 1868.

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