Studies in Australian Gryllacrididae: Taxonomy, biology, ecology and cytology

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
DCF Rentz ◽  
B John
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Robertsonian Fusion ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Central Australia

This study utilises new taxonomic characters to define the Australian Gryllacrididae. Notes on biology, ecology and behaviour are presented. The chromosome complements of ten species are reported and illustrated. Nullanullia maitlia Rentz. gen. et sp. nov. was shown to be facultatively parthenogenetic in the laboratory. Kew taxonomic characters include the structure of the mandible and maxilla, the femoroabdominal stidulatory apparatus, the structure of the fastigium of the vertex, the punctation and colour of the frons, the size. shape and the medium and textured ocelli, and the detailed structure of male and female genitalia including sculpture of the ovipositor. Arrolla Rentz, gen. nov. is proposed to include A. rotamah (type species), A. lawrencei, A. platystyla, A. weiri, A. tibialis. A. turramurrae, A. lewisi, A. longicauda spp. nov.; A. fuscifrons (Ander) is transferred from Pareremus Ander to Arrolla Rentz. gen. nov. Apotrechus Brunner is defined and includes A. unicolor Brunner (type species), and A. illawarra Rentz. sp. nov. Kinemania Rentz, gen. nov. is described to include a single Tasmanian species. K. ambulans (Erichson) hitherto included in Apotrechus. Wirritina Rentz, gen. Nov. is proposed to include W. brevipes (Ander) (type species) formerly placed in Apotrechus and W. naumanni Rentz, sp. nov. Cooraboorama Rentz. gen. nov. is described for a single species, C. canberrae Rentz. sp. nov. Notes on several well-knoun species of Pareremus are presented with illustrations and redescriptions of types. 'Pareremus' atrofrons (Tepper), based on immatures, is probably misplaced in Pareremus. Penthoplophora Tepper. originally described as a stenopelmatid. is synonymised with Ametrus Brunner: no stenopelmatids are known from central Australia. The monotypic genera Ametrosomus Tepper and Apteronomus Tepper are redescribed and their type species described and illustrated. Moorscra Rentz, gen. nov. is described to include three fully-winged species: M. canobolas (type species), M. curragundi Rentz, spp. nov. Mooracra sp. 1 is illustrated but not described. Paragryllacris Brunner is redefined and its type species. Gryllacris combusta Gerstaecker, is described and illustrated. Chauliogryllacris Rentz. gen. nov. is proposed to include seven species, two of which are well-known — C. lobata (Brunner) and C. exserta Brunner. The genus also includes C. grahami (type species) and C. nungeena Rentz spp. nov.; other species are noted but not described. Nunkeria Rentz, gen. nov. is described to include two species, N. maitila, (type species) and N. feehani spp. nov. Nullanullia Rentz gen. nov. includes two species, N. maitlia (type species) and N. kotla spp. nov. Hyalogryllacris Karny is discussed and its large number of species (25) noted. H. hyalina (Brunner) (type species) is described and its role as a host for the sphecid wasp, Sphex vestitus. is noted. Hyalogryllacis sp. 9 is illustrated but not described. This paper reports the first cytological information for the Gryllacrididae from Australia. Chromosome numbers of 10 species indicate three clusters of species. These are not taxonomically relevant. One cluster with four species showed relatively high counts 2n = 26 female, 25 male; another cluster with three species showed a reduced diploid number apparently as a result of fusions; a third cluster contained three species with numbers ranging from 2n = 14 female to 2n = 10 female; in this group the number of large metacentrics has been reduced to either two or one. It seems that karyotype evolution in the gryllacridids has evolved in at least three ways: (1) Robertsonian fusion. (2) alterations in the amount and location of heterochromatin, and (3) structural rearrangements other than fusions.

Redescription of the genus Coniceps Loew, 1873 (Diptera, Richardiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3238 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
LISIANE DILLI WENDT ◽  
ROSALY ALE-ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Male And Female

The genus Coniceps Loew is restricted to the central and southern part of the continental United States of America, andcontains a single species, C. niger Loew, 1873. A redescription of the type species of the genus including illustrations ofmain external characters and the first illustrations of male and female terminalia are provided. The lectotype and paralec-totypes are designated. A brief discussion on the superficial similarities between Coniceps and the Neotropical Ozaenina Enderlein is also provided.

scholarly journals THE CHROMOSOMES OF PARTHENOGENETIC FROGS AND TADPOLES

1925 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Parmenter
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Haploid Number ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Second Polar Body

1. This paper presents cytological observations upon Dr. Loeb's parthenogenetic frog material, with considerations upon the mechanism by which the diploid number and both sexes may be produced. 2. Both sexes of adults and tadpoles are present. 3. The chromosome number is diploid and probably 26 in both sexes. Sex chromosomes cannot be distinguished. 4. The chromosome numbers observed by other authors in parthenogenetic frog material are haploid, diploid, and variable. Their significance is considered. 5. The mechanism producing the diploid number, based on European observations, appears to be a doubling of the haploid number at some time after the second polar body is given off. 6. Overripeness may be a factor in producing both sexes of parthenogenetic frogs and tadpoles. 7. Genetic data indicate that the normal male is digametic and that there are differences of potency between male and female factors for sex which vary in frogs of the two races and in strains within the race. These differences have been interpreted by Witschi as forming a series of multiple allelomorphs.

Nucularcidae: a new family of palaeotaxodont Ordovician pelecypods (Mollusca) from North America and Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1479-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pojeta Jr. ◽  
Christopher A Stott
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
New Family ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
Northeastern Usa ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The new Ordovician palaeotaxodont family Nucularcidae and the new genus Nucularca are described. Included in Nucularca are four previously described species that have taxodont dentition: N. cingulata (Ulrich) (the type species), N. pectunculoides (Hall), N. lorrainensis (Foerste), and N. gorensis (Foerste). All four species are of Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian Katian) age and occur in eastern Canada and the northeastern USA. Ctenodonta borealis Foerste is regarded as a subjective synonym of Nucularca lorrainensis. No new species names are proposed. The Nucularcidae includes the genera Nucularca and Sthenodonta Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson (1977). Sthenodonta occurs in central Australia in rocks of Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) age. The 12 family group names previously proposed for Ordovician palaeotaxodonts having taxodont dentition are reviewed and evaluated in the Appendix.

Karyotype evolution and chromosome numbers in Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Ell. sensu Semple (Compositae–Astereae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Semple ◽  
C. C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

The karyotypes of all species of Chrysopsis were analysed and four basic complements were recognised. The X = 5 karyotype was possessed by all seven n = 5 species and consisted of three submetacentric and two acrocentric chromosomes, one bearing the nucleolar organizer region medially on its short arm. Each X = 4 species had a distinct karyotype. The n = 4 karyotype of C. mariana had diverged less from the X = 5 karyotype than that of C. pilosa. The X2 = 9 karyotype shared by three n = 9 taxa was found to be little more than a combination of the X = 5 karyotype and the X = 4 mariana karyotype and was therefore of allopolyploid origin. Some shifting in the location of the nucleolar organizer region has occurred in each group.

Salsolaius gen. nov. a new genus of Apalochrini (Coleoptera, Melyridae, Malachiinae) from the salt Lake Way of Western Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5082 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
ZHENHUA LIU ◽  
ADAM ŚLIPIŃSKI ◽  
HONG PANG
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Specific

Apalochrini comprises nearly half of the genera of Australian Melyridae, which are all recognized by male specific characters, and are commonly found on grasses, flowers and riverside or seashore rocks. Here we describe a new genus Salsolaius gen. nov. from Lake Way of Western Australia, representing the first known genus of Australian Melyridae inhabitating in salt lakes. The new genus can be easily distinguished by asymmetrically biserrate antennae and exposed apical abdomen from above in both male and female, the former characters is firstly found in Melyridae. Consequently, Salsolaius biserratus sp. nov. was described as the type species of this genus. An updated key to genera of Australian Apalochrini is provided.  

A cladistic revision of Tortopus Needham & Murphy with description of the new genus Tortopsis (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2481 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fore Wing ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
First Time

The 12 species previously placed in Tortopus together with 3 species newly described here, are revised and included in a phylogenetic analysis. Based on synapomorphic characters on the nymphs and adults of both sexes, Tortopus is restricted to T. igaranus Needham & Murphy, T. circumfluus Ulmer, T. harrisi Traver, T. zottai (Navás), T. bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and T. arenales sp. nov., and the genus is defined by: female parastyli receptors with long furrows anterior to sockets; penes entirely flattened; male ninth abdominal sternum almost separated in two portions by a median notch; mesosternum with furcasternal protuberances contiguous only on basal corner; and nymphs with two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Tortopsis is newly described for T. bruchianus (Navás), T. limoncocha sp. nov., T. obscuripennis (Domínguez), T. parishi (Banks), T. primus (McDunnough), T. puella (Pictet), T. sarae (Domínguez), T. spatula sp. nov., and T. unguiculatus (Ulmer). Tortopsis is characterized by: R sector of female fore wing without additional veins between R 2 and IR; female parastyli receptors C or V-shaped, with sockets opening towards median line; male gonopore associated with a claw-like structure; penes separated from the base; parastyli more than 5 times length of pedestals; parastyli curved in lateral view; nymphs with a single subapical tubercle on mandibular tusks. The study of available type material permitted inclusion of comparative diagnoses, with figures and redescriptions as needed. The male imago of the type species of Tortopus (T. igaranus Needham & Murphy) is described for the first time, as are the female adults of Tortopus bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and T. harrisi Traver. Three new Neotropical species based on male and female adults are described: Tortopus arenales and Tortopsis limoncocha from Ecuador, and Tortopsis spatula from Colombia. Keys to separate the adults and nymphs of the genera of Polymitarcyidae, and for male and female adults of all the species of Tortopus and Tortopsis are presented, as well as line drawings, pictures and SEM photographs of important structures.

scholarly journals Relationship between pollen morphology and chromosome numbers in Brazilian species of Lippia L. (Verbenaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo M. Sousa ◽  
Patrícia M.O. Pierre ◽  
Giovana A. Torres ◽  
Lisete C. Davide ◽  
Lyderson F. Viccini
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Different Types

The pollen morphology and exine structure of 17 species of Lippia L. were investigated in this work using light and scanning electron microscopy. Among the species studied, 14 showed tricolporate pollen grains, two had tri- and tetracolporate pollen grains and a single species exhibited, only tetracolporate pollen. The amb ranged from triangular to square, and the shape varied from oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal. Three different types of exine ornamentation were observed: psilate, scabrate and perforate. In addition to morphological data, we found positive association between the chromosome numbers and size of pollen grains, and also between the length and width of the colpi. The results indicate that the characteristics of pollen grains in Lippia may be used as an additional taxonomic character of the genus.

Redescription of the Central American genus Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty 1985 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4521 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
NIKITA J. KLUGE ◽  
JUAN A. BERNAL VEGA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Central American ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
A New Species

A new definition for the genus Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty 1985 is given. Its type species, Moribaetis maculipennis (Flowers 1979) is redescribed based on male and female imagoes reared from larvae near the type locality in Panama. Larvae, formerly wrongly attributed to Moribaetis salvini (Eaton 1885), and a male imago, formerly wrongly attributed to Moribaetis macaferti Waltz 1985, belong to a new species Moribaetis latipennis sp. n., which is described here based on a male imago reared from larva in Panama. Both species, M. maculipennis and M. latipennis sp. n., are distinct from M. salvini, which is known as a single male imago (lectotype) from Costa Rica. All other species, formerly attributed to Moribaetis, are excluded from this genus; a new combination Caribaetis macaferti comb. n. is proposed for the species originally described as Moribaetis macaferti Waltz (in Waltz & McCafferty) 1985, and a new combination Baetis (Rhodobaetis) mimbresaurus comb. n. is proposed for the species originally described as Moribaetis mimbresaurus McCafferty 2007. 

scholarly journals Descriptions of syntypes of Brumptamyia brumpti (Lsrrousse, 1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae-Phlebotominae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Williams
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Type Species ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Male And Female

The male and female of Brumptomyia brumpti (Larrousse, 1920), the type species of the genus Brumptomyia França & Parrot, 1921 (Diptera: Psychodidae - phlebotominae) are redescribed from syntypes in the British Museum (Natural History).

scholarly journals Descending Dysploidy and Bidirectional Changes in Genome Size Accompanied Crepis (Asteraceae) Evolution

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Magdalena Senderowicz ◽  
Teresa Nowak ◽  
Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek ◽  
Maciej Bisaga ◽  
Laszlo Papp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Ancestral Genome ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Major Direction

The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Five different base chromosome numbers (x = 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11) were observed. A phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the chromosome numbers allowed the inference of x = 6 as the ancestral state and the descending dysploidy as the major direction of the chromosome base number evolution. The derived base chromosome numbers (x = 5, 4, and 3) were found to have originated independently and recurrently in the different lineages of the genus. A few independent events of increases in karyotype asymmetry were inferred to have accompanied the karyotype evolution in Crepis. The genome sizes of 33 Crepis species differed seven-fold and the ancestral genome size was reconstructed to be 1 C = 3.44 pg. Both decreases and increases in the genome size were inferred to have occurred within and between the lineages. The data suggest that, in addition to dysploidy, the amplification/elimination of various repetitive DNAs was likely involved in the genome and taxa differentiation in the genus.

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