The mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of snails of the estuarine hydrobiid genus Tatea cross species and biogeographic boundaries

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Colgan ◽  
P. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Marine Littoral

Investigations of estuarine taxa can provide a perspective on phylogeography that complements studies of marine littoral organisms. For example, reductions in gene flow between populations and increased genetic structuring would be expected in estuarine species. The substantial amount of information about marine species and the habitat diversity along long latitudinal spans makes south-eastern Australia an excellent potential location for comparing marine and estuarine taxa. To investigate this potential, we studied the phylogeography of the two species in the estuarine gastropod genus Tatea. These have extensive and broadly overlapping distributions that encompass known marine phylogeographic boundaries. Against expectation, both Tatea species showed a remarkable lack of geographic and inter-specific variability in mitochondrial 12S rRNA (107 specimens) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (39) DNA sequences. No major phylogeographic discontinuities were revealed in either species and there was minimal haplotype divergence between them for either 12S rRNA or COI. The patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation discovered in Tatea may be due to a recent selective sweep or range expansion from a population in which there was little variability. Both possibilities are complicated by having to explain the similarity of the patterns in the two species.

Copro-PCR based detection of bovine schistosome infection in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lakshmanan ◽  
K. Devada ◽  
S. Joseph ◽  
T.V. Aravindakshan ◽  
L. Sabu
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Trematode Infections

AbstractSchistosomosis and amphistomosis are the two economically important and widely prevalent snail-borne trematode infections in grazing cattle of southern India. Acute infections are symptomatically similar and difficult to detect by routine microscopy for eggs. The present study was directed towards the development of a copro-polymerase chain reaction (copro-PCR) for detection of bovine schistosome species, using custom-designed primers targeting 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA as well as mitochondrial DNA. The study demonstrated the enhanced diagnostic specificity of mitochondrial DNA markers over ribosomal RNA genes as genus-specific probes to detect schistosomes. We developed a sensitive PCR assay using primers designed from mitochondrial DNA sequences targeting the partialrrnl(16S rRNA), tCys (transfer RNA for cysteine) and partialrrnS(12S rRNA) genes ofSchistosoma spindaleto specifically detect schistosome infection from faecal samples of naturally infected bovines. The salient findings of the work also throw light on to the high similarity of the ribosomal RNA gene sequences of schistosomes with those ofGastrothylax crumeniferandFischoederius elongatus,the most prevalent pouched amphistomes of the region. Further investigation has to be directed towards unravelling the complete gene sequences of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences of amphistome isolates from India.

scholarly journals Tracing a toad invasion: lack of mitochondrial DNA variation, haplotype origins, and potential distribution of introduced Duttaphrynus melanostictus in Madagascar

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Vences ◽  
Jason L. Brown ◽  
Amy Lathrop ◽  
Gonçalo M. Rosa ◽  
Alison Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Duttaphrynus Melanostictus ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
Asian Lineage

The black-spined toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, is widespread in South and South-East (SE) Asia, although recent molecular analyses have revealed that it represents a species complex (here called the D. melanostictus complex). Invasive populations of this toad have been detected in Madagascar since, at least, 2014. We here trace the origin of this introduction based on mitochondrial DNA sequences of 340 samples. All 102 specimens from Madagascar have identical sequences pointing to a single introduction event. Their haplotype corresponds to a lineage occurring in Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, and some locations of eastern Myanmar and northern Malaysia, here named the SE Asian lineage. Within this lineage, specimens from one location in Cambodia and three locations in Vietnam have the same haplotype as found in Madagascar. This includes Ho Chi Minh City, which has a major seaport and might have been the source for the introduction. Species distribution models suggest that the current range of the Madagascan invasive population is within the bioclimatic space occupied by the SE Asian lineage in its native range. The potential invasion zone in Madagascar is narrower than suggested by models from localities representing the full range of the D. melanostictus complex. Thus, an accurate taxonomy is essential for such inferences, but it remains uncertain if the toad might be able to spread beyond the potential suitable range because (1) knowledge on species-delimitation of the complex is insufficient, and (2) the native range in SE Asia might be influenced by historical biogeography or competition.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA sequence variations in populations of Sardinapilchardus(Walbaum 1792) along the Tunisian coasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ΚARIMA FADHLAOUI-ZID
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
High Level

Sardine is a fish species of great economic importance to Tunisia. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population distribution is essential for an efficient management and sustainability of any regional fishery. This study aimed to assessing the genetic structure and to specify the stocks of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus). To this end, 83 specimens were collected from three localities along the Tunisian coast and analysed using mitochondrial DNA sequences. The results of sequence analysis determined the existence of variations in 40 single nucleotide sites within the 307 bp fragment of the cytb gene examined and defined twenty different haplotypes. Genetic diversity, estimated by haplotypic diversity, was high in all samples. Tunisian S.pilchardus samples show some level of genetic structuring. First, genetic differentiation between localities (ΦST estimates) was significant for all comparison. Second, the analysis of molecular variance AMOVA indicates a high level of genetic variation (ΦST = 0.093; P<0.001). The structural patterns identified can be explained largely in relation to the regional oceanographic features. In conclusion, this study provided initial genetic data in making inference of the genetic structure of S. pilchardus along the Tunisian coasts. 

Integrated cytogenetic, ecological, and DNA barcode study reveals cryptic diversity in Simulium (Gomphostilbia) angulistylum (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pairot Pramual ◽  
Chaliow Kuvangkadilok
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Population Demographic

An integrated approach based on cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and ecology was used to examine diversity in the black fly Simulium angulistylum Takaoka & Davies in Thailand. Cytological analysis revealed three cytoforms (A, B, and C) of S. angulistylum differentiated by fixed chromosome inversions. Distributions of these cytoforms were associated with ecology. Cytoforms A and B were found in low-altitude habitats (<600 m above sea level), whereas cytoform C occurred at high altitudes (>1000 m above sea level). Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcoding region revealed significant genetic differentiation among the cytoforms. The mitochondrial DNA haplotype network revealed divergent lineages within cytoforms, indicating additional hidden diversity. Therefore, integrated approaches are necessary for fully understanding black fly biodiversity. Population genetic analysis revealed high genetic structuring that could be due to the habitat preferences of S. angulistylum. Phylogeographic analyses indicated population demographic expansion at the mid-Pleistocene (900 000 years ago), which is older than for other black flies and insects in the Southeast Asian mainland. The high level of genetic structure and diversity, therefore, could also be due to the long demographic history of S. angulistylum.

Life history trait differences between a lake and a stream-dwelling population of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Oromi ◽  
Fèlix Amat ◽  
Delfi Sanuy ◽  
Salvador Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
High Altitude Lake

The Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) is a salamandrid that mostly lives in fast running and cold mountain-streams, although some populations are also found in lakes. In the present work, we report in detail on the occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis traits in a population from a Pyrenean high altitude lake. We compare its morphology, life history traits and mitochondrial DNA variation with a nearby lotic metamorphic population. Our results indicate that the lacustrine newts are smaller and present a less developed sexual dimorphism, smooth skin, and that 53% of the adults retain gills at different degrees of development, but not gill slits. Although both populations and sexes have the same age at sexual maturity (four years), the lacustrine population presents higher longevity (12 and 9 years for males and females, respectively) than the one living in the stream (8 and 9 years). The variation on the climatic conditions at altitudinal scale is probably the main cause of the differences in life history traits found between the two populations. The food availability, which could to be limiting in the lacustrine population, is another factor that can potentially affect body size. These results are congruent with the significant mitochondrial DNA genetic isolation between populations, probably a consequence of the lack of juvenile dispersal. We found low cytochrome b variability and significant genetic structuring in the lake population that is very remarkably considering the short distance to the nearby stream population and the whole species’ pattern. We suggest that a bottleneck effect and/or phenotypic plasticity may have resulted in the appearance of a paedomorphic morph in the lake.

scholarly journals Leigh Syndrome in a Pedigree Harboring the m.1555A>G Mutation in the Mitochondrial 12S rRNA

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Mouna Habbane ◽  
Laura Llobet ◽  
M. Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy ◽  
José E. Bárcena ◽  
Leticia Ceberio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Leigh Syndrome ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Cybrid Cell

Background: Leigh syndrome (LS) is a serious genetic disease that can be caused by mutations in dozens of different genes. Methods: Clinical study of a deafness pedigree in which some members developed LS. Cellular, biochemical and molecular genetic analyses of patients’ tissues and cybrid cell lines were performed. Results: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) m.1555A>G/MT-RNR1 and m.9541T>C/MT-CO3 mutations were found. The first one is a well-known pathologic mutation. However, the second one does not appear to contribute to the high hearing loss penetrance and LS phenotype observed in this family. Conclusion: The m.1555A>G pathological mutation, accompanied with an unknown nuclear DNA (nDNA) factor, could be the cause of the phenotypic manifestations in this pedigree.

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