Copro-PCR based detection of bovine schistosome infection in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lakshmanan ◽  
K. Devada ◽  
S. Joseph ◽  
T.V. Aravindakshan ◽  
L. Sabu
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Trematode Infections

AbstractSchistosomosis and amphistomosis are the two economically important and widely prevalent snail-borne trematode infections in grazing cattle of southern India. Acute infections are symptomatically similar and difficult to detect by routine microscopy for eggs. The present study was directed towards the development of a copro-polymerase chain reaction (copro-PCR) for detection of bovine schistosome species, using custom-designed primers targeting 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA as well as mitochondrial DNA. The study demonstrated the enhanced diagnostic specificity of mitochondrial DNA markers over ribosomal RNA genes as genus-specific probes to detect schistosomes. We developed a sensitive PCR assay using primers designed from mitochondrial DNA sequences targeting the partialrrnl(16S rRNA), tCys (transfer RNA for cysteine) and partialrrnS(12S rRNA) genes ofSchistosoma spindaleto specifically detect schistosome infection from faecal samples of naturally infected bovines. The salient findings of the work also throw light on to the high similarity of the ribosomal RNA gene sequences of schistosomes with those ofGastrothylax crumeniferandFischoederius elongatus,the most prevalent pouched amphistomes of the region. Further investigation has to be directed towards unravelling the complete gene sequences of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences of amphistome isolates from India.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of the European newts (genus Triturus) tested with mitochondrial DNA sequence data

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zajc ◽  
J.W. Arntzen
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence

European newts (genus Triturus) are widely studied, but their phylogeny is not yet unambiguously resolved. Fragments of mitochondrial DNA experiencing different rates of evolution (the ATPase and 12S rRNA genes) were sequenced in order to test a phylogenetic hypothesis derived from biochemical and behavioral data. Well-supported branches of the existing phylogeny gained support in our study. The monophyletic origin of the hypothesized T. boscai – T. italicus clade remained ambiguous, whereas strong support was gained for the sister-taxon relationship of T. vulgaris and T. montandoni. The position of T. vittatus as a sister taxon to the T. marmoratus species group was also supported. The phylogenetic position of T. alpestris could not be clarified. With an in-group taxon sampling denser than in previous molecular phylogenetic studies and under the a priori selection of species from the genera Cynops, Neurergus and Paramesotriton as out-groups, the monophyly of Triturus was strongly supported. It cannot be excluded, however, that the presumed out-group actually belongs to the in-group, rendering Triturus paraphyletic as was concluded from recently published 12S and 16S rRNA sequence data.

The mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of snails of the estuarine hydrobiid genus Tatea cross species and biogeographic boundaries

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Colgan ◽  
P. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Marine Littoral

Investigations of estuarine taxa can provide a perspective on phylogeography that complements studies of marine littoral organisms. For example, reductions in gene flow between populations and increased genetic structuring would be expected in estuarine species. The substantial amount of information about marine species and the habitat diversity along long latitudinal spans makes south-eastern Australia an excellent potential location for comparing marine and estuarine taxa. To investigate this potential, we studied the phylogeography of the two species in the estuarine gastropod genus Tatea. These have extensive and broadly overlapping distributions that encompass known marine phylogeographic boundaries. Against expectation, both Tatea species showed a remarkable lack of geographic and inter-specific variability in mitochondrial 12S rRNA (107 specimens) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (39) DNA sequences. No major phylogeographic discontinuities were revealed in either species and there was minimal haplotype divergence between them for either 12S rRNA or COI. The patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation discovered in Tatea may be due to a recent selective sweep or range expansion from a population in which there was little variability. Both possibilities are complicated by having to explain the similarity of the patterns in the two species.

Molecular biology can differentiate morphologically indistinguishable myxosporean species: Myxobolus elegans and M. hungaricus (Short communication)

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Eszterbauer
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Myxosporean Species

Two, morphologically indistinguishable myxosporean species, Myxobolus elegans Kashkovsky, 1966 and M. hungaricus Jaczó, 1940 were differentiated using molecular biological methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for the family Myxobolidae was used to amplify an approximately 1600 base pairs (bp) long fragment of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. In restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) study with HinfI, MspI and TaqI enzymes, the two parasite species were easily distinguishable. The genetic distinctness was also confirmed by the DNA sequence of their PCR products. Although M. elegans and M. hungaricus are morphologically very similar, based on the results of the PCR-RFLP and the DNA sequences, we concluded that they are valid species.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of two Flying Fishes, Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus and Hirundichthys rondeletii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyan Qu ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Fengying Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Fenghua Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Flying Fishes ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

Background: Genome-scale approaches have played a significant role in the analysis of evolutionary relationships. Because of rich polymorphisms, high evolutionary rate and rare recombination, mitochondrial DNA sequences are commonly considered as effective markers for estimating population genetics, evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships. Flying fishes are important components of epipelagic ecosystems. Up to now, only few complete mitochondrial genomes of flying fishes have been reported. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus and Hirundichthys rondeletii had been determined. Methods: Based on the published mitogenome of Cheilopogon atrisignis (GenBank: KU360729), fifteen pairs of primers were designed by the software Primer Premier 5.0 to get the complete mitochondrial genomes of two flying fishes. According to the reported data, the phylogenetic position of two flying fishes were detected using the conserved 12 protein-coding genes. Result: The complete mitochondrial genomes of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus and Hirundichthys rondeletii are determined. They are 16532bp and 16525bp in length, respectively. And they both consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and a control region. The OL regions are conserved in these two flying fishes and might have no function. From the tree topologies, we found C.p. japonicus and H. rondeletii clustered in a group. The findings of the study would contribute to the phylogenetic classification and the genetic conservation management of C.p. japonicus and H. rondeletii.

Description of a new endemic species of mountain lizard from Northwestern Spain: Iberolacerta galani sp. nov. (Squamata : Lacertidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1240 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
OSCAR ARRIBAS ◽  
SALVADOR CARRANZA ◽  
GAETANO ODIERNA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Lacertid Lizards ◽  
Northwestern Spain

A new species of Iberolacerta is described from the Montes de León (northwest Iberia). This new species, Iberolacerta galani sp. nov., is characterized by its relatively large size, high number of blue ocelli on the shoulders and the relatively frequent contact or near-contact between the supranasal and the first loreal scale, the fairly straight squamosal bone (only curved on its posterior part), a unique karyotype in Iberolacerta combining 2n=36 chromosomes, an L-type NOR and differentiated W and Z sex chromosomes, and unique mitochondrial DNA sequences for the cytochrome b and 12S rRNA genes. The correlation analyses show that morphology in general, but especially scalation, is strongly correlated with the amount of precipitation during the months of lizard activity, which suggests that these are not good taxonomic characters, and that other characters apparently independent of the climate like for instance osteological, karyological and DNA features are much more reliable in delimiting species boundaries in Iberolacerta. According to our phylogenetic analyses, I. galani nov. is part of a very well supported clade that originated around 2.5 mya and also includes I. monticola and I. martinezricai. Phylogeny suggests I.martinezricai might be the sister taxon to I. galani nov. from which it split approximately 2 mya, at the beginning of the Pleistocene. The clade containing I. galani nov., I. martinezricai and I. monticola was probably widely distributed across western Iberia during moderately cool and moist phases of the Pleistocene, but it was probably restricted to its present range as a result of the general temperature increase during the Holocene and competition with other lacertid lizards. Iberolacerta galani nov. is endemic to the Montes de León, where it is isolated from the other species of the “monticola-group” by the Duero and Miño-Sil Rivers, but particularly by the Bibei river valley.

scholarly journals Integration of Bombyx mori R2 Sequences into the 28S Ribosomal RNA Genes of Drosophila melanogaster

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danna G. Eickbush ◽  
Dongmei D. Luan ◽  
Thomas H. Eickbush
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Integration System

ABSTRACT R2 non-long-terminal-repeat retrotransposable elements integrate into a precise location in the 28S rRNA genes of arthropods. The purified protein encoded by R2 can cleave the 28S gene target site and use the 3′ hydroxyl group generated by this cleavage to prime reverse transcription of its own RNA, a process called target-primed reverse transcription. An integration system is described here in which components from the R2 element of the silkmoth, Bombyx mori, are injected into the preblastoderm embryo ofDrosophila melanogaster. Silkmoth R2 sequences were readily detected in the 28S rRNA genes of the surviving adults as well as in the genes of their progeny. The 3′ junctions of these insertions were similar to those seen in our in vitro assays, as well as those from endogenous R2 retrotransposition events. The 5′ junctions of the insertions originally contained major deletions of both R2 and 28S gene sequences, a problem overcome by the inclusion of upstream 28S gene sequences at the 5′ end of the injected RNA. The resulting 5′ junctions suggested a recombination event between the cDNA and the upstream target sequences. This in vivo integration system should help determine the mechanism of R2 retrotransposition and be useful as a delivery system to integrate defined DNA sequences into the rRNA genes of organisms.

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