Spatiotemporal variation among demersal ichthyofauna in a subtropical estuary bordering World Heritage-listed and marine protected areas: implications for resource management

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda E. Possatto ◽  
Matt K. Broadhurst ◽  
Charles A. Gray ◽  
Henry L. Spach ◽  
Marcelo R. Lamour
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Subtropical Estuary ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Trawl Surveys

Benthic trawl surveys were performed to quantify the spatiotemporal distributions of teleosts and key abiotic associations throughout an ecologically important estuary within Brazil’s Atlantic Forest biosphere. Approximately 52000 fish (51% juveniles) representing 75 species were sampled, with residents accounting for 36 and 61% of total species and individuals respectively. Five artisanally important species comprised 77 and 81% of individuals and biomass respectively. Cathorops spixii was most abundant (>40% of total), whereas Stellifer rastrifer, Aspistor luniscutis, Sphoeroides greeleyi and S. testudineus collectively contributed towards 37 and 34% of individuals and biomass respectively. The abundance of A. luniscutis, C. spixii and S. rastrifer was negatively associated with salinity, whereas the presence of the latter two species was also positively associated with temperature, and S. greeleyi and S. testudineus (mostly adults) were more abundant in deeper areas. These relationships seemed to be affected by species-specific reproductive (S. rastrifer, C. spixii and A. luniscutis), habitat (S. greeleyi and S. testudineus) and prey preferences (juvenile C. spixii and A. luniscutis). Protection for these various species may be achieved via immediate fishing effort regulations, but more research is required to manage other anthropogenic effects. Such work should be a priority to ultimately preserve what is one of the most important South American biodiversity areas.

scholarly journals Selecting MPAs to conserve groundfish biodiversity: the consequences of failing to account for catchability in survey trawls

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Fraser ◽  
S. P. R. Greenstreet ◽  
Gerjan J. Piet
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Diversity Issues ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Fish Species Diversity

Abstract Fraser, H. M., Greenstreet, S. P. R., and Piet, G. J. 2009. Selecting MPAs to conserve groundfish biodiversity: the consequences of failing to account for catchability in survey trawls. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 82–89. Fishing has affected North Sea groundfish species diversity. Defining Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to address this will rely on groundfish surveys. Species-specific catch efficiencies vary between trawl gears, and apparent species diversity distributions are influenced by the type of gear used in each survey. It may be that no single survey depicts actual diversity distributions. Two MPA scenarios designed to protect groundfish species diversity are described, the first based on unadjusted International Bottom Trawl Survey data and the second based on the same data adjusted to take account of catchability. Spatial overlap between these scenarios is low. Assuming that the adjusted data best describe the actual species diversity distribution, the level of diversity safeguarded by MPAs, based on unadjusted data, is determined. A fishing effort redistribution model is used to estimate the increase in fishing activity that is likely to occur in MPAs that take catchability into account, if closed areas based solely on the unadjusted groundfish data were implemented. Our results highlight the need to take survey-gear catchability into account when designating MPAs to address fish-species diversity issues.

scholarly journals Population genetics of the endangered catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) based on species-specific microsatellite loci

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin León García-Castro ◽  
José David Rangel-Medrano ◽  
Ricardo Marcel Landínez-García ◽  
Edna Judith Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
South American ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACT The Neotropical catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma comprises eight species of large size, widely distributed in South American basins. The endangered species P. magdaleniatum is endemic to Magdalena basin (Colombia), experiences high fishing pressure and its population genetics is relatively unknown. To study the genetic status and structure of P. magdaleniatum, 25 species-specific polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed using next-generation sequencing and then tested in samples collected in the Magdalena-Cauca basin. Based on 15 of these loci, P. magdaleniatum showed a high number of alleles per locus (9-10), high values of observed (0.762-0.798) and expected (0.770-0.791) heterozygosities, recent reduction of population size and gene flow. These findings constitute a baseline to measure potential changes in genetic diversity and structure of this commercially important species in a basin undergoing high anthropogenic activities.

scholarly journals Flight-call as species-specific signal in South American parrots and the effect of species relatedness in call similarity

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos B. de Araújo ◽  
Paulo A. M. Marques ◽  
Jacques M. E. Vielliard
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Specific Signal ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Lack of recreational fishing compliance may compromise effectiveness of Rockfish Conservation Areas in British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Haggarty ◽  
Steve J.D. Martell ◽  
Jonathan B. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Ecological Recovery ◽  
Recovery Education

Compliance with spatial fishing regulations (e.g., marine protected areas, fishing closures) is one of the most important, yet rarely measured, determinants of ecological recovery. We used aerial observations of recreational fishing events from creel surveys before, during, and after 77 Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) were established in British Columbia, Canada. There was no evidence of a change in fishing effort in 83% of the RCAs, and effort in five RCAs increased after establishment. Fishing effort in open areas adjacent to the RCAs declined with time and was higher than effort in the RCAs in all 3 years. Next, we used compliance data for 105 RCAs around Vancouver Island to model the drivers of compliance. Compliance was related to the level of fishing effort around the RCA, the size and perimeter-to-area ratio of RCAs, proximity to fishing lodges, and the level of enforcement. Noncompliance in RCAs may be hampering their effectiveness and impeding rockfish recovery. Education and enforcement efforts to reduce fishing effort inside protected areas are critical to the recovery of depleted fish stocks.

Rapid Seafood Species Identification Using Chip-Based Capillary Electrophoresis and Protein Pattern Matching

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1500-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin C Walker ◽  
Cheryl L Lassitter ◽  
Shannara N Lynn ◽  
Courtney B Ford ◽  
Kevin R Rademacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level

Abstract Authenticity is crucial to the seafood industry, as substitution and mislabeling have important economic, environmental, and food safety consequences. Toaddress this problem, protein profiling and softwarealgorithm techniques were developed to classify fishmuscle samples by species. The method uses water-based protein extraction, chip-based microfluidic electrophoresis (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer) for the analysis of high abundance fish muscle proteins, and a novel data analysis method for species-specific proteinpattern recognition. The method's performance in distinguishing commercially important fish from commonly reported substitutions was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy determinations with all three performance measures at >98% for commonsubstitutions. This study demonstrates that uncookedseafood products of commercially important species of catfish, snapper, and grouper can be rapidly distinguished from commonly substituted species with a high level of confidence. A tiered testing approach toseafood species verification by sequentially applying a rapid screening method and DNA testing is proposed to more effectively ensure accurate product labeling.

Bias in evaluating the effects of marine protected areas: the importance of baseline data for the Galapagos Marine Reserve

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. EDGAR ◽  
R.H. BUSTAMANTE ◽  
J.-M. FARIÑA ◽  
M. CALVOPIÑA ◽  
C. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Conservation Zones ◽  
Galapagos Marine Reserve

Analysis of ecological baseline data collected for key resource species within the Galapagos Marine Reserve indicates that variation in animal density associated with the location of fully protected zones can be comparable to protected area effects. Even with a high level of interspersion between conservation, tourism and fishing management zones, major differences in densities of economically important species were evident between zone types prior to enforcement of fishing restrictions. Densities of the most valuable fishery resource, sea cucumbers, were three times higher in zones that remained open to fishing compared to ‘no-take’ conservation zones, and densities of sharks were five times higher in tourism zones than fishing or conservation zones. These results highlight bias in the socio-political processes that can accompany selection of marine protected areas, where fishers attempt to minimize perceived impacts on their livelihood by locating large protected zones in resource-poor areas, and tourism operators and sport divers argue for protection of areas containing atypically-interesting features. Bias in the location of fully protected zones can seriously confound ‘control-impact’ field investigations when data prior to prohibitions on fishing are lacking, including meta-analyses, which are dominated by such potentially systematically biased studies.

scholarly journals Mobulid rays feed on euphausiids in the Bohol Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 161060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph A. Rohner ◽  
Katherine B. Burgess ◽  
Joshua M. Rambahiniarison ◽  
Joshua D. Stewart ◽  
Alessandro Ponzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Prey Preferences ◽  
Manta Birostris ◽  
History Of ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Mobula Japanica

Mobulid rays have a conservative life history and are caught in direct fisheries and as by-catch. Their subsequent vulnerability to overexploitation has recently been recognized, but fisheries management can be ineffective if it ignores habitat and prey preferences and other trophic interactions of the target species. Here, we assessed the feeding ecology of four mobulids ( Manta birostris , Mobula tarapacana , M. japanica , M. thurstoni ) in the Bohol Sea, Philippines, using stomach contents analysis of fisheries specimens landed between November and May in 2013–2015. We show that the mobulids feed heavily on euphausiid krill while they are in the area for approximately six months of the year. We found almost no trophic separation among the mobulid species, with Euphausia diomedeae as the major prey item for all species, recorded in 81 of 89 total stomachs (91%). Mobula japanica and M. thurstoni almost exclusively had this krill in their stomach, while M. tarapacana had a squid and fish, and Ma. birostris had myctophid fishes and copepods in their stomachs in addition to E. diomedeae . This krill was larger than prey for other planktivorous elasmobranchs elsewhere and contributed a mean of 61 364 kcal per stomach (±105 032 kcal s.e., range = 0–631 167 kcal). Our results show that vertically migrating mesopelagic species can be an important food resource for large filter feeders living in tropical seas with oligotrophic surface waters. Given the conservative life history of mobulid rays, the identification of common foraging grounds that overlap with fishing activity could be used to inform future fishing effort.

Historical dynamics of the demersal fish community in the East and South China Seas

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Gao ◽  
James T. Thorson ◽  
Cody Szuwalski ◽  
Hui-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Taiwan has a long history of fishery operations and contributes significantly to the global fishery harvest. The East and South China seas are important fishing grounds for which publicly available data are very limited. More efforts are needed to digitise and analyse historical catch rate data to illuminate species and community changes in this region. In this study we digitised historical records of catch and effort from government fishery reports for nine commercial species caught by otter trawl, and reported quarterly from 1970 to 2001, from the East and South China seas. We analysed the four seasons and present abundance indices, distributions and among-species correlations for nine commercially important species from 1970 to 1988 (a period with high fishing effort) using a multispecies spatiotemporal model that estimates both covariation in multispecies catch rates, attributed to spatial habitat preferences and environmental responses, and indices representing trends in abundance and distribution. We found substantial spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of fishes and season-specific patterns. We recommend collaborative work from various adjacent countries to digitise historical records of fishing catch rates, because more records would potentially address scientific disagreements regarding trends in the abundance and distribution of commercial fishes in this region through comparative studies.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Whiteflies and Associated Viruses in South America: Research Progress and Perspectives

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Renate Krause-Sakate ◽  
Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe ◽  
Eduardo Silva Gorayeb ◽  
Felipe Barreto da Silva ◽  
Daniel de Lima Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
South American ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The World

By having an extensive territory and suitable climate conditions, South America is one of the most important agricultural regions in the world, providing different kinds of vegetable products to different regions of the world. However, such favorable conditions for plant production also allow the development of several pests, increasing production costs. Among them, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) stand out for their potential for infesting several crops and for being resistant to insecticides, having high rates of reproduction and dispersal, besides their efficient activity as virus vectors. Currently, the most important species occurring in South America are Bemisia afer, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. In this review, a series of studies performed in South America were compiled in an attempt to unify the advances that have been developed in whitefly management in this continent. At first, a background of the current whitefly distribution in South American countries as well as factors affecting them are shown, followed by a background of the whitefly transmitted viruses in South America, addressing their location and association with whiteflies in each country. Afterwards, a series of management strategies are proposed to be implemented in South American fields, including cultural practices and biological and chemical control, finalizing with a section containing future perspectives and directions for further research.

scholarly journals Volume and Aboveground Biomass Models for Dry Miombo Woodland in Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Edward Mwakalukwa ◽  
Henrik Meilby ◽  
Thorsten Treue
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Biomass Models ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Brachystegia Spiciformis ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Similar Site

Tools to accurately estimate tree volume and biomass are scarce for most forest types in East Africa, including Tanzania. Based on a sample of 142 trees and 57 shrubs from a 6,065 ha area of dry miombo woodland in Iringa rural district in Tanzania, regression models were developed for volume and biomass of three important species,Brachystegia spiciformisBenth. (n = 40),Combretum molleG. Don (n = 41), andDalbergia arbutifoliaBaker (n = 37) separately, and for broader samples of trees (28 species,n = 72), shrubs (16 species,n = 32), and trees and shrubs combined (44 species,n = 104). Applied independent variables were log-transformed diameter, height, and wood basic density, and in each case a range of different models were tested. The general tendency among the final models is that the fit improved when height and wood basic density were included. Also the precision and accuracy of the predictions tended to increase from general to species-specific models. Except for a few volume and biomass models developed for shrubs, all models hadR2values of 96–99%. Thus, the models appear robust and should be applicable to forests with similar site conditions, species, and diameter ranges.

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