scholarly journals Influence of Giant Nuclear-spin Polarisation on Resonant Gamma-ray Absorption and Emission

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
R. N. Shakhmuratov
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Laser Pumping ◽  
Nuclear Excited State ◽  
Spin Polarisation ◽  
Subsequent Quenching ◽  
Amplification Without Inversion

We propose a new scheme of gamma-quanta amplification without inversion. Laser pumping of electron states creates giant nuclear-spin polarisation via the hyperfine interaction. This results in extreme cooling of the ground-state nuclear spin in a projection which does not absorb both laser pump and gamma-quanta according to selection rules for these transitions. Induced emission from the nuclear excited state is not influenced by the pump. Therefore gamma-quanta travelling inside the pump beam have an opportunity to induce stimulated emission without subsequent quenching by ground state nuclei.

Proton?Capture Gamma Rays from Nitrogen?13

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Parker ◽  
GG Shute
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Recent Experiment ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Proton Capture ◽  
Yield Curves

From a recent experiment in this laboratory (Shute et al. 1962) on the elastic scattering of protons from 12C, resonance levels (E13N, J1t) of 13N were obtained at the laboratory bombarding energies (Ep) shown in Table 1. To confirm these results, an investigation of the yield and angular distribution of gamma rays from the reaction 12C(p'YO)13N and 12C(p'Yl)13N was undertaken. Accordingly, the theoretical angular distributions, W(8), for the gamma ray (Yo) to the ground state of 13Na-) and also for the gamma ray (Yl) to the 1st excited state of 13Na+) were evaluated on the assumptions that overlap of levels in 13N is small and lowest order multipoles are involved. As angular distributions are parity insensitive, these were found to be identical for the two gamma rays expected. The simpler of these angular distributions are also shown on the table. The expected angular distributions indicate that 90� is a suitable angle for yield curves.

Induced absorption and stimulated emission in a driven two-level atom

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Mavroyannis
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Laser Field ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ultrashort Pulses ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Photon ◽  
Induced Absorption ◽  
Level Atom

We have considered the induced processes that occur in a driven two-level atom, where a laser photon is absorbed and emitted by the ground and by the excited states of the atom, respectively. In the low-intensity limit of the laser field, the induced spectra arising when a laser photon is absorbed by the ground state of the atom consist of two peaks describing induced-absorption and stimulated-emission processes, respectively, where the former prevails over the latter. Asymmetry of the spectral lines occurs at off-resonance and its extent depends on the detuning of the laser field. The physical, process where a laser photon is emitted by the excited state is the reverse of that arising from the absorption of a laser photon by the ground state of the atom. The former differs from the latter in that the emission of a laser photon by the excited state occurs in the low-frequency regime and that the stimulated-emission process prevails over that of the induced absorption. In this case, amplification of ultrashort pulses is likely to occur without the need of population inversion between the optical transitions. The computed spectra are graphically presented and discussed.

PROPERTIES OF LEVELS AT 6.69 AND 6.88–6.89 MeV IN 28Si

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. A. Levesque ◽  
R. W. Ollerhead ◽  
E. W. Blackmore ◽  
J. A. Kuehner
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Ground State ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ground State Transition ◽  
Angular Correlations ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Strong Ground

Levels at 6.69, 6.88, and 6.89 MeV were observed in the 16O(16O, α)28Si reaction, and angular correlations were measured for the resulting gamma-ray transitions, using the geometry in which the alpha particle is detected at 0°. The level at 6.69 MeV had not been reported previously and was assigned spin and parity 0+. The doublet of levels at 6.88–6.89 MeV was not resolved in these measurements, but angular correlations of the gamma-ray transitions were possible, using spectrum subtraction techniques. One member of the doublet, previously assigned spin 3, has a strong ground-state transition; the angular correlation for this transition confirms a 3− assignment to this level. The other member of the doublet, which decays almost entirely to the first excited state, could not be assigned a spin on the basis of these measurements. However, taken in conjunction with other measurements, an assignment of 4+ is favored.

Positive-Parity Bands in 29Si

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1263-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Pilt ◽  
R. H. Spear ◽  
R. V. Elliott ◽  
J. A. Kuehner
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Positive Parity ◽  
Rotational Bands ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Nilsson Model

A study has been made of several high spin members of the ground state (Kπ = 1/2+) and first-excited state (Kπ = 3/2+) rotational bands in the presumed oblate nucleus 29Si. Gamma-ray angular distribution and linear polarization measurements have confirmed the spin and parity of the 4081 keV level to be 7/2+, and levels at 4742 and 5283 keV have been shown to have Jπ = 9/2+ and (7/2+, 3/2+) respectively. Branching and mixing ratios for the transitions from these states have also been determined; in conjunction with previously measured lifetimes, transition strengths are calculated. The results are compared with the predictions of a Nilsson-model calculation including the effects of coriolis mixing of the low-lying positive parity bands.

SOME PROPERTIES OF THE 2.23-MEV EXCITED STATE OF P31

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Litherland ◽  
G. A. Bartholomew ◽  
H. E. Gove ◽  
E. B. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Total Angular Momentum ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Triple Correlation ◽  
Compound State ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Coincidence Measurements

The 2.23-Mev excited state of P31 has been studied by means of the capture gamma rays from the 1.70-Mev resonance in the reaction Si30(pγ)P31. The angular correlation of the ground state gamma ray established that the resonance had total angular momentum 3/2, and triple correlation measurements of the cascading gamma rays from the compound state showed that the angular momentum of the 2.23-Mev state was 5/2. Coincidence measurements showed that the cascade gamma rays from the 2.23-Mev state to the first excited state at 11.27-Mev were [Formula: see text] of the transitions to the ground state.

GAMMA RADIATION FROM THE PROTON BOMBARDMENT OF OXYGEN

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Warren ◽  
K. A. Laurie ◽  
D. B. James ◽  
K. L. Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiative Transition ◽  
Proton Bombardment ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Main Transition ◽  
Bombarding Energy ◽  
Three Components

The nuclear gamma radiation following the non-resonant capture of a proton in O16 has been studied with protons of energies, from 800 kev. to 2.1 Mev. and found to consist of three components. The main transition goes, via a gamma ray of energy that varies with proton bombarding energy, to the [Formula: see text] state of F17. This state, 487 kev. above the ground state, radiates directly to the ground state. In addition there is a weaker direct radiative transition from the capture configuration to the ground state. At energies above Ep = 1.8 Mev. oxide targets bombarded with protons give rise to a radiation of 873 kev. attributed to the presence of the O17 isotope via the reaction O17(p, p′)O17*, the radiation corresponding to the transition from the first excited state of O17 to the ground state.

Two-photon interference spectra induced by a bichromatic field in the excited state of a single three-level ion

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Mavroyannis
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Laser Fields ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dynamic Stark Effect ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Photon Resonance

We consider the interference spectra arising from the competition between a spontaneous process and two processes induced by two laser fields, which are coupled with a three-level atom in the "Λ" configuration. In the low-intensity limit of both laser fields and on two-photon resonance, the frequency profiles of the two peaks, which arise from the spontaneous and induced processes, cancel each other out completely at the center of the line for zero detuning and at the finite values of the detuning as well. At high intensities of the laser fields and on two-photon resonance, the dynamic Stark effect dominates the spectra of the excited state of the atom. Expressions for the interference spectra and correlation functions are derived, which describe the physical process of the absorption of a laser photon at two different times by the ground state of the atom. Interference spectra and correlation functions are calculated for the two-photon off-resonance and for the proces of the absorption of a photon by the ground state of the atom. In this case, the intensities of the frequency dips take negative values indicating that stimulated emission prevails for certain values of the detunings. Using values for the parameters involved close to those for Ba+, the computed two-photon resonance and off-resonance spectra are graphically presented and discussed.

Renilla Bioluminescence: A Morphologic Approach to the Location of Photocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Ben O. Spurlock ◽  
Milton J. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Electronic Excited State ◽  
Colonial Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

The phenomenon of bioluminescence has fascinated layman and scientist alike for many centuries. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries a number of observations were reported on the physiology of bioluminescence in Renilla, the common sea pansy. More recently biochemists have directed their attention to the molecular basis of luminosity in this colonial form. These studies have centered primarily on defining the chemical basis for bioluminescence and its control. It is now established that bioluminescence in Renilla arises due to the luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin. This results in the creation of a product (oxyluciferin) in an electronic excited state. The transition of oxyluciferin from its excited state to the ground state leads to light emission.

Ground State and Excited State H-Atom Temperatures in a Microwave Plasma Diamond Deposition Reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gicquel ◽  
M. Chenevier ◽  
Y. Breton ◽  
M. Petiau ◽  
J. P. Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Diamond Deposition

Spin-Forbidden Excitation Enables Infrared Photoredox Catalysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Rovis ◽  
Benjamin D. Ravetz ◽  
Nicholas E. S. Tay ◽  
Candice Joe ◽  
Melda Sezen-Edmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Intersystem Crossing ◽  
Photoredox Catalysis ◽  
Infrared Irradiation ◽  
Triplet Excitation ◽  
New Family ◽  
Ir Light

We describe a new family of catalysts that undergo direct ground state singlet to excited state triplet excitation with IR light, leading to photoredox catalysis without the energy waste associated with intersystem crossing. The finding allows a mole scale reaction in batch using infrared irradiation.

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