Analysis of respiratory metabolism correlates well with the response of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings to NaCl and high pH

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico E. Marcar ◽  
Richard S. Criddle ◽  
Jianmin Guo ◽  
Yale Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh

Growth of sand-cultured Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (river red gum) seedlings from six wide-ranging provenances was reduced in the presence of 150 mM NaCl, a high pH of 9.5, and combined NaCl and high pH, compared with no applied NaCl and neutral pH. Effects of these stress conditions on respiration rates and substrate carbon conversion efficiencies of rapidly-expanding leaf tissue were measured with calorespirometric techniques. Growth rates were calculated from respiration parameters. Respiration rate, measured as metabolic heat production rate (q), showed no consistent trend with either NaCl or high pH, whereas the rate measured as CO2 production rate (R CO2) was generally lower with both treatments. The ratio of heat lost per mole of CO2 produced [q/(R CO2)] was consistently increased by both stresses. Stress causes a larger fraction of metabolic energy produced by aerobic metabolism to be lost as heat, relative to non-stressed controls. Consequently, a larger fraction of photosynthetic product in stressed seedlings must be metabolized to CO2 per mole of C incorporated into biomass. Our results indicate that 0.42 mol substrate C is converted to CO2 per mole C incorporated into biomass for control plants, compared with 0.96 mol for plants treated with combined NaCl and high pH. Respiratory responses to treatment varied with provenance. Specific growth rates, calculated from repiratory parameters (q and RCO2) of stressed E. camaldulensis seedlings, generally paralleled experimentally-determined reduced growth (dry weight) of these seedlings. Thus, measurements of leaf respiration allow calculation of growth inhibition caused by NaCl and high pH stress. However, we could not discriminate among provenances in this experiment with only one level of NaCl and pH.

scholarly journals The role of oxygen limitation in the formation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate during batch and continuous culture of Azotobacter beijerinckii

1972 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Senior ◽  
G. A. Beech ◽  
G. A. F. Ritchie ◽  
E. A. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Batch Culture ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Oxygen Limitation ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Chemostat Cultures

Azotobacter beijerinckii was grown in ammonia-free glucose–mineral salts media in batch culture and in chemostat cultures limited by the supply of glucose, oxygen or molecular nitrogen. In batch culture poly-β-hydroxybutyrate was formed towards the end of exponential growth and accumulated to about 74% of the cell dry weight. In chemostat cultures little poly-β-hydroxybutyrate accumulated in organisms that were nitrogen-limited, but when oxygen limited a much increased yield of cells per mol of glucose was observed, and the organisms contained up to 50% of their dry weight of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. In carbon-limited cultures (D, the dilution rate,=0.035–0.240h−1), the growth yield ranged from 13.1 to 19.8g/mol of glucose and the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate content did not exceed 3.0% of the dry weight. In oxygen-limited cultures (D=0.049–0.252h−1) the growth yield ranged from 48.4 to 70.1g/mol of glucose and the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate content was between 19.6 and 44.6% of dry weight. In nitrogen-limited cultures (D=0.053–0.255h−1) the growth yield ranged from 7.45 to 19.9g/mol of glucose and the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate content was less than 1.5% of dry weight. The sudden imposition of oxygen limitation on a nitrogen-limited chemostat culture produced a rapid increase in poly-β-hydroxybutyrate content and cell yield. Determinations on chemostat cultures revealed that during oxygen-limited steady states (D=0.1h−1) the oxygen uptake decreased to 100μl h−1 per mg dry wt. compared with 675 for a glucose-limited culture (D=0.1h−1). Nitrogen-limited cultures had CO2 production values in situ ranging from 660 to 1055μl h−1 per mg dry wt. at growth rates of 0.053–0.234h−1 and carbon-limited cultures exhibited a variation of CO2 production between 185 and 1328μl h−1 per mg dry wt. at growth rates between 0.035 and 0.240h−1. These findings are discussed in relation to poly-β-hydroxybutyrate formation, growth efficiency and growth yield during growth on glucose. We suggest that poly-β-hydroxybutyrate is produced in response to oxygen limitation and represents not only a store of carbon and energy but also an electron sink into which excess of reducing power can be channelled.

scholarly journals PHYTOEXTRACTION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD FROM A CONTAMINATED SOIL USING EUCALYPTUS SEEDLINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-827
Author(s):  
Al-Salmany & Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

This study aims to estimate critical concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soil which negatively affect growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seedlings, and to estimate some phytoextraction parameters for heavy metals (HM) from the soil to evaluate efficiency of seedlings in their potential use in phytotechnology to improve the environment with phytoremediation. Eucalyptus seedlings were treated with Cd concentrations 0, 25, 55, 85, and 110 mg kg-1 dry soil as CdCl2, and Pb concentrations 0, 125, 250, 450, and 550 mg kg-1 dry soil as PbCl2, and the experiment was designed using the completely randomized design (CRD) as a two-factor factorial experiments and the data were analyzed using SAS system. Results showed that the highest percentage decrease in dry weight of stems, leaves and roots were 55, 68.6, and 67.2%, respectively, at the interaction (110 Cd and 550 Pb) mg kg-1 dry soil compared with control, and Cd concentrations in stems, leaves and roots ranged between (0.375-372.167), (0.417-128.167) and (0.583-162.083) mg kg-1, respectively and Pb concentrations in stems, leaves and roots ranged between (9.583-62.375), (10.042-20.417) and (2.875-73.500) mg kg-1. It was found that values ​​of translocation factor (TF), biological accumulation coefficient (BAC), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and concentration index (CI) for Cd ranged between (0.611-4.239), (1.333-28.790), (0.383- 16.840) and (1-490.812) respectively, and values ​​of TF, BAC, BCF, and CI of Pb ranged between (0.275-5.702), (0.769-4.246), (0.295-7.539) and (1-3.833) respectively, and tolerance index (TI) values ​​ranged between (0.370-1). We concluded that Eucalyptus seedlings are suitable for phytoextraction applications within phytoremediation processes of soils contaminated with Cd and Pb.

Morphological and Physiological Comparisons of Clonal Lines of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. II. Responses to Waterlogging/Salinity and Alkalinity

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
RCC Farrell ◽  
DT Bell ◽  
K Akilan ◽  
JK Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Clonal Lines ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
The Impact

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. has previously been shown to survive and grow in waterlogged, highly saline and highly alkaline soils. The ability of six clones from five provenances of E. camaldulensis to produce biomass and utilise water, and the processes of stomatal conductance and gas exchange under stress conditions was examined under controlled conditions in a glasshouse. A clone originally from Wooramel, Western Australia (M80) produced the largest total plant biomass, the greatest total leaf area and greatest total root dry weight under conditions of waterlogging and gradually increasing salinity. A second clone from Wooramel (M16), however, tended to be among the least productive of the clones under this stress, indicating the wide potential variation in stress tolerance of trees from a single provenance. The response of clones to alkalinity stress was comparable to that measured under waterlogging/salinity stress. Water use was closely related to biomass production. Leaves produced while under salinity and alkalinity stress were comparable in ion content to those produced prior to the test conditions. An ability to control uptake by roots or limit ion transport to leaf tissues were hypothesised as controlling physiological functions resulting in tolerance to severe soil ion imbalances in this species. The impact of solution conductivity on stomatal conductance and water use, secondarily affected photosynthetic rates in these clones of E. camaldulensis. Tolerance of extreme conditions provides the opportunity to use these genotypes to reclaim damaged agricultural landscapes and mine spoils of high soil solution ion concentrations.

ALTURA E SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS AOS 14 MESES APÓS PLANTIO EM CAMPO EM ALVORADA DO GURGUÉIA –PIAUÍ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silva Raynara Ferreira da ◽  
Sousa Moema Barbosa de ◽  
Silva Aluísio Costa ◽  
Marinho Eduardo Silva ◽  
Dias Bruna Anair Souto
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Tratamento preservativo da madeira juvenil de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh: pelo método de substituição de seiva

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Marcel de Arruda Torres ◽  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
José Augusto de Lira Filho ◽  
José Wallace Barbosa do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Río Tinto

Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, analisar a qualidade do tratamento preservativo da madeira juvenil de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. e verificar a influência da inversão das peças na solução preservativa, na distribuição, na penetração e na retenção do CCB, ao longo das peças tratadas pelo método de substituição de seiva. Árvores de Eucalyptus camaldulensis foram coletadas na Zona Rural do Município de Rio Tinto - PB, de um povoamento com quatro anos. No povoamento foram escolhidas, aleatoriamente, cinco árvores, sendo três de maior diâmetro. Para o tratamento da madeira, empregou-se o método de substituição de seiva por transpiração radial utilizando-se uma solução de 2% de ingredientes ativos de borato de cobre cromatado (CCB) e comparou-se o efeito da inversão das peças na solução preservativa. A distribuição, a penetração e a retenção foram melhores nas peças invertidas, quando comparadas àquelas não-invertidas na solução preservativa.

scholarly journals PERSISTENCE OF ATRAZINE, METRIBUZIN AND SIMAZINE HERBICIDES IN TWO SOILS

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2037-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEDERICO FUSCALDO ◽  
FRANCISCO BEDMAR ◽  
GLORIA MONTERUBBIANESI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Weight

An oat bioassay was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions to determine the persistence of atrazine, metribuzin and simazine herbicides in soils of the southeast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Atrazine rates of 0, 0.58, 1.16 and 2.32 mug g-1 of active ingredient (a.i.), metribuzin rates of 0, 0.14, 0.28 and 0.56 mug g-1 of a.i., and simazine rates of 0, 0.72, 1.45 and 2.9 mug g-1 of a.i. dry soil weight were applied to pots containing soils from Balcarce and San Cayetano sites. Organic matter (OM) content and pH of Balcarce soil were 5.5% and 5.8%, while for San Cayetano soil were 2.9% and 6.7%, respectively. Relative dry weight (RDW) of oat shoots was calculated as percentage of control. Considering a 20% RDW reduction of oat shoots, persistences of recommended rates for the region were: atrazine (1.16 mug g-1 of a.i.), 78 and 130 days after treatment (DAT) for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively; metribuzin (0.28 mug-1 of a.i.), 63 and 77 DAT for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively; simazine (1.45 mug g-1 of a.i.), 81 and 156 DAT for Balcarce and San Cayetano soil, respectively. Results show that persistence of atrazine, metribuzin and simazine in soil increased with high rates, low OM content and high pH.

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