Mechanism of Action of C2H4 in Promoting the Germination of Cocklebur Seeds. II. The Role of C2H4 in the Enhancement of Priming Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yoshiyama ◽  
H Yajima ◽  
T Atsumi ◽  
Y Esashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation

In cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds, the pre-exposure to water stress imposed by polyethylene glycol or mannitol (seed priming) increased osmotic pressure (OP) in cell saps and water extracts. Carbohydrates were the major components and soluble proteins also played a partial role as an osmoregulator in the primed seeds. C2H4, which was effective in stimulating the growth of both axial and cotyledonary tissues even under water-stressed conditions, changed the amino acid pool size regardless of water stress. This C2H4-induced amino acid accumulation also occurred under anoxic conditions. CO2 was capable of stimulating growth of axial tissues but it did not increase OP values or carbohydrate and amino acid contents. The effectiveness of seed primlng gradually declined with increasing duration of presoaking, but C2H4 prevented the reduction of the priming effect by effectively maintaining the amino acid levels. Thus, it is likely that C2H4 contributes to the enhancement of the priming effect by abundantly supplying amino acids.

Mechanism of Action of C2H4 in Promoting the Germination of Cocklebur Seeds. III. A Further Enhancement of Priming Effect With Nitrogenous Compounds and C2H4 Responsiveness of Seeds

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yoshiyama ◽  
A Maruyama ◽  
T Atsumi ◽  
Y Esashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Contrary Effect

Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM) and was independent of the C2H4 action. However, KNO3 applied as a priming reagent enhanced the effect of C2H4 or that of the water stress imposed with mannitol. Unlike the action of mannitol, both KNO3M and C2H4 augmented the pool size of amino acids in seed cells. However, below 50 mM KNO3 imposing no stress only slightly, though insignificantly, affected the germinability as well as the levels of total cyanogen. On the other hand, at a high concentration which imposed water stress on the seeds, 200 mM KNO3 remarkably elevated the contents of both cyanogenic glycosides and lipids in the excised cotyledons. When C2H4 was added with KNO3, the level of cyanogenic compounds significantly increased but when added without KNO3, the contrary effect was shown. Hence the enhancement of the mannitol-induced priming effect by nitrogenous reagents in cocklebur seeds could be implicated in the accumulation of cyanogenic compounds. Unlike cocklebur, both common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds are very responsive to 30 mM KNO3 on germination, and such species abundantly contain cyanogen. The amount of cyanogen was further augmented by contact with KNO3 at only 30 mM. The role of NO-3 -dependent cyanogenesis is highlighted in relation to germination response of seeds.

Rate of Imposition of Water Stress Alters the Accumulation of Nitrogen-Containing Solutes by Wheat Seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Naidu ◽  
LG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall ◽  
AC Jennings ◽  
GP Jones
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Progressive Water Stress ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation

A rapid water stress, imposed by withholding water under a high transpirational demand or by the application of polyethylene glycol (PEG), resulted in the accumulation of glutamine, asparagine and valine in amounts equal to or greater than that of proline. However, progressive water stress imposition resulted in proline and glycinebetaine being the dominant accumulated compounds of those measured. PEG had an apparently specific effect on amino acid accumulation, particularly of the amide forms. With some exceptions, such as glycinebetaine, the stress-induced changes in the content of most solutes were reversible upon rewatering.

Haemolymph protein as a source for free amino acid accumulation in the pulmonateHelisoma trivolvis during hypertonic stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Matsushima ◽  
Hamid R. Khan ◽  
A. S. M. Saleuddin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Hypertonic Stress ◽  
Haemolymph Protein ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation

Effect of Puromycin and Insulin on Amino Acid Accumulation by Isolated Intact Rat Diaphragm

1964 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 11C-13C ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Castles ◽  
Ira G. Wool
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation

The role of constituent order and level of embedding in cross-linguistic structural priming

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUNNAR JACOB ◽  
KALLIOPI KATSIKA ◽  
NEILOUFAR FAMILY ◽  
SHANLEY E. M. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Target Sentence ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Tree Representation ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Tree ◽  
Constituent Order

In two cross-linguistic priming experiments with native German speakers of L2 English, we investigated the role of constituent order and level of embedding in cross-linguistic structural priming. In both experiments, significant priming effects emerged only if prime and target were similar with regard to constituent order and also situated on the same level of embedding. We discuss our results on the basis of two current theoretical accounts of cross-linguistic priming, and conclude that neither an account based on combinatorial nodes nor an account assuming that constituent order is directly responsible for the priming effect can fully explain our data pattern. We suggest an account that explains cross-linguistic priming through a hierarchical tree representation. This representation is computed during processing of the prime, and can influence the formulation of a target sentence only when the structural features specified in it are grammatically correct in the target sentence.

Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal the dynamics of protein and amino acid accumulation during soybean seed development

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2100143
Author(s):  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
Hari B. Krishnan ◽  
Savithiry Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Proteomic Analyses ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document