Mechanism of Action of C2H4 in Promoting the Germination of Cocklebur Seeds. III. A Further Enhancement of Priming Effect With Nitrogenous Compounds and C2H4 Responsiveness of Seeds

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yoshiyama ◽  
A Maruyama ◽  
T Atsumi ◽  
Y Esashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Contrary Effect

Efficiency of organic or inorganic osmotica for seed priming of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) revealed that KNO3 was the most promising, and was more effective than mannitol or other salts at the same concentration (200 mM) and was independent of the C2H4 action. However, KNO3 applied as a priming reagent enhanced the effect of C2H4 or that of the water stress imposed with mannitol. Unlike the action of mannitol, both KNO3M and C2H4 augmented the pool size of amino acids in seed cells. However, below 50 mM KNO3 imposing no stress only slightly, though insignificantly, affected the germinability as well as the levels of total cyanogen. On the other hand, at a high concentration which imposed water stress on the seeds, 200 mM KNO3 remarkably elevated the contents of both cyanogenic glycosides and lipids in the excised cotyledons. When C2H4 was added with KNO3, the level of cyanogenic compounds significantly increased but when added without KNO3, the contrary effect was shown. Hence the enhancement of the mannitol-induced priming effect by nitrogenous reagents in cocklebur seeds could be implicated in the accumulation of cyanogenic compounds. Unlike cocklebur, both common chickweed and barnyard grass seeds are very responsive to 30 mM KNO3 on germination, and such species abundantly contain cyanogen. The amount of cyanogen was further augmented by contact with KNO3 at only 30 mM. The role of NO-3 -dependent cyanogenesis is highlighted in relation to germination response of seeds.

Mechanism of Action of C2H4 in Promoting the Germination of Cocklebur Seeds. II. The Role of C2H4 in the Enhancement of Priming Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yoshiyama ◽  
H Yajima ◽  
T Atsumi ◽  
Y Esashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation

In cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds, the pre-exposure to water stress imposed by polyethylene glycol or mannitol (seed priming) increased osmotic pressure (OP) in cell saps and water extracts. Carbohydrates were the major components and soluble proteins also played a partial role as an osmoregulator in the primed seeds. C2H4, which was effective in stimulating the growth of both axial and cotyledonary tissues even under water-stressed conditions, changed the amino acid pool size regardless of water stress. This C2H4-induced amino acid accumulation also occurred under anoxic conditions. CO2 was capable of stimulating growth of axial tissues but it did not increase OP values or carbohydrate and amino acid contents. The effectiveness of seed primlng gradually declined with increasing duration of presoaking, but C2H4 prevented the reduction of the priming effect by effectively maintaining the amino acid levels. Thus, it is likely that C2H4 contributes to the enhancement of the priming effect by abundantly supplying amino acids.

scholarly journals Early development of corn seedlings primed with synthetic tenorite nanofertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Kyle Alan Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract: Fertilizer formulation alternatives that avoid unnecessary losses and environmental impacts are being investigated in agricultural management. Seed priming with nanofertilizers prior to planting, reduces concerns about non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid undesired effects. Here, seed germination and seedling development were evaluated after seed priming with CuO nanoparticles (NPs), CuO bulk and CuCl2. The seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L−1 Cu for the three Cu sources. Following 8 hours priming, the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count). Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as shoot and root dry biomass. The copper NP did not show any toxic effects on corn seed germination and growth, and also promoted higher biomass when compared to the other Cu sources. On the other hand, CuCl2 primed seeds exhibited Cu-toxicity in roots and shoots for all concentrations tested. Bulk Cu priming results indicated the better role of NPs size effects. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as copper, to corn seedlings.

scholarly journals Role of Molybdate and Other Transition Metals in the Accumulation of Protochelin by Azotobacter vinelandii

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1580-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Cornish ◽  
William J. Page
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Organism

ABSTRACT Both molybdate and iron are metals that are required by the obligately aerobic organism Azotobacter vinelandii to survive in the nutrient-limited conditions of its natural soil environment. Previous studies have shown that a high concentration of molybdate (1 mM) affects the formation of A. vinelandiisiderophores such that the tricatecholate protochelin is formed to the exclusion of the other catecholate siderophores, azotochelin and aminochelin. It has been shown previously that molybdate combines readily with catecholates and interferes with siderophore function. In this study, we found that the manner in which each catecholate siderophore interacted with molybdate was consistent with the structure and binding potential of the siderophore. The affinity that each siderophore had for molybdate was high enough that stable molybdo-siderophore complexes were formed but low enough that the complexes were readily destabilized by Fe3+. Thus, competition between Fe3+ and molybdate did not appear to be the primary cause of protochelin accumulation; in addition, we determined that protochelin accumulated in the presence of vanadate, tungstate, Zn2+, and Mn2+. We found that all five of these metal ions partially inhibited uptake of55Fe-protochelin and 55Fe-azotochelin complexes. Also, each of these metal ions partially inhibited the activity of ferric reductase, an enzyme important in the deferration of ferric siderophores. Our results suggest that protochelin accumulates in the presence of molybdate because protochelin uptake and conversion into its component parts, azotochelin and aminochelin, are inhibited by interference with ferric reductase.

Application of the hydrotime model to assess seed priming effects on the germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in response to water stress

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Samaneh Tatari ◽  
Farshid Ghaderi-Far ◽  
Ahad Yamchi ◽  
Asieh Siahmarguee ◽  
Ali Shayanfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Hydrotime Model ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Base Water Potential

Our aim was to determine whether the parameters of the hydrotime model can be used to compare the effects of seed priming treatments on germination. Seeds of three rapeseed cultivars (‘H61’, ‘H4815’, and ‘DK003’) were exposed to priming treatments and then their germination was tested at different water potentials. Seed priming improved the germination percentage, which was higher in ‘H4815’ than in the other two cultivars, and it increased germination rate (decreased θH) and uniformity (decreased σψb). The increase in germination rate was higher in PEG-osmoprimed than in NaCl-osmoprimed and hydroprimed seeds. The base water potential allowing 50% germination ([Formula: see text]) also was affected by seed priming, but the response of cultivars to different priming treatments varied. Compared with the control seeds, hydropriming of ‘H61’ seeds shifted ψb(50) toward negative values, whereas NaCl-osmopriming of ‘H4815’ seeds shifted ψb(50) toward negative values. On the other hand, priming of ‘DK003’ seeds shifted ψb(50) to more positive values and increased susceptibility to water stress. After dormancy-breaking and dormancy-induction treatments, ψb(50) shifted to more negative or positive values, indicating the release of primary dormancy and induction of dormancy, respectively. Therefore, priming treatments should be selected, depending on the environmental conditions anticipated to prevail during the germination of rapeseed seeds.

Reappraisal of the role of turpentine vapor in noncondensible gas explosions

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
RISTO LAUTKASKI
Keyword(s):  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Stoichiometric Mixture ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Minimal Damage

Turpentine has been identified as the cause of numerous fires and explosions within the pulp and paper industry. Explosions in the noncondensible gas (NCG) collection systems caused by total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds have usually been minor and caused minimal damage, but explosions caused by turpentine could be catastrophic. When flammable conditions have been created by insufficient dilution, air leakage into the system, or accumulation and breakthrough of TRS gases or turpentine vapor at a chip bin, it is conceivable that turpentine vapor created near-optimum flammable mixtures more often than TRS gases did. In these cases, the burning velocity would have been close to the maximum. On the other hand, when flammable conditions were created due to insufficient dilution of a stream of high volume, low concentration gases (HVLCs) or due to air leakage into a stream of low volume, high concentration gases (LVHCs), then the flammable mixture formed would be expected to have been off-stoichiometric: lean in the former case and rich in the latter case. In both cases, the burning velocity could have been much lower than in the near-stoichiometric mixture. The violence of explosions caused by turpentine is attributed to its capability to form near-stoichiometric mixtures more easily than the other components of NCGs.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar on the Production of L-Histidine From Glucose Through Escherichia coli Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang E ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Heqing Cai ◽  
Caibin Li ◽  
Sainan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hormone Analogs

The organic compounds from biochar play a role of hormone analogs, stimulating the expression of metabolites by controlling related gene and protein. In this experiment, we reported the L-histidine biosysthesis was promoted by biochar treatment in E. coli unlike genetic engineering of the traditional method. The related results indicated the most optimal concentration was found to be 3%, and 7% is the lethal dose. E. coli was inhibited in the high-concentration treatment. On the other hand, docking technology was usually used as drug screening, basing on Lock-and-key model of protein in order to better understand mechanisms. So the organic compounds of biochar from GC-MS analysis that acted as ligands were connected to HisG protein controlling L-histidine biosysthesis in E. coli. The result showed that the three organic molecules interacted with HisG protein by hydrogen bond. So we considered that these three compounds play regulatory roles in L-histidine biosysthesis, and the hisG gene expression fully supports this conclusion.

THE ROLE OF COMPOST AND WATER STRESS AND THE SYSTEM OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION VEGETATIVE AND PLANT GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF POTATO PLANT

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Subsurface Drip

A field experiment was conducted in Ramadi, Anbar province, western Iraq, in soil with a Silt Loam soil during the autumn season 2018, to study the role of compost, water stress and the surface and subsurface drip irrigation system. 50, 75 and 100% of the net irrigation depth. In the design of the splintered splinters, the transactions were divided according to the design of the complete random sections and by three replicates. Each sector was divided into two main parts, in which the compost was distributed. 1 - Without adding 2 - Addition of 10 tons’ e- 1. Each was divided into two secondary pieces. 2. Sub-surface irrigation Each secondary subdivision was divided into three sub-sub-sections as experimental units where irrigation levels 50, 75 and 100% of the net depth of the irrigation were distributed. Use the American Type A evaporation pond at the irrigation time. The results showed that the level of addition of 10 tons e-1 led to a significant increase in all indicators of the study number of air legs and paper area and the weight of the tuber and the number of tubers and the marketable and the total number of 2.38 stem plant -1, 72.75 dm 2, 124.2 g and 4.84 darn plant - 131.46 tons e-1 and 42.95 tons e-1 sequentially. The average number of air stems, paper area, weight of tuber, number of tubers, marketable value and total yield of potato plant at the irrigation level were significantly higher than 100% of the net depth of the broth, reaching 2.41 stem plant-1, 65.92 dm 2, 136.7 g, 4.89, Ton e-1 and 42.55 tons e-1 sequentially. The average number of air stems, paper area, weight of tuber, tubers, marketable, and total of subsurface irrigation was also higher than 2.34 stem plant -1,68.04 dm 2, 147.7 g, 4.79,32.39 tons e-1, and 42. 13 tons e-1 sequentially, genotype and seed priming in improving seedling performance to tolerate salt stress.

Masked Translation Priming Effects With Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

One essential issue for models of bilingual memory organization is to what degree the representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In this study, we examine whether there is a symmetrical translation priming effect with highly proficient, simultaneous bilinguals. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment with cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. Results showed a significant masked translation priming effect for both cognates and noncognates, with a greater priming effect for cognates. Furthermore, the magnitude of the translation priming was similar in the two directions. Thus, highly fluent bilinguals do develop symmetrical between-language links, as predicted by the Revised Hierarchical model and the BIA+ model. We examine the implications of these results for models of bilingual memory.

Plasma Levels of Protein S, Protein C, and Factor X: Effects of Sex, Hormonal State and Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (05) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M A Henkens ◽  
V J J Bom ◽  
W van der Schaaf ◽  
P M Pelsma ◽  
C Th Smit Sibinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Protein S ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Normal Ranges

SummaryWe measured total and free protein S (PS), protein C (PC) and factor X (FX) in 393 healthy blood donors to assess differences in relation to sex, hormonal state and age. All measured proteins were lower in women as compared to men, as were levels in premenopausal women as compared to postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analysis showed that both age and subgroup (men, pre- and postmenopausal women) were of significance for the levels of total and free PS and PC, the subgroup effect being caused by the differences between the premenopausal women and the other groups. This indicates a role of sex-hormones, most likely estrogens, in the regulation of levels of pro- and anticoagulant factors under physiologic conditions. These differences should be taken into account in daily clinical practice and may necessitate different normal ranges for men, pre- and postmenopausal women.

On the role of the dispute between "non-possessors" and "Josephites" in the culture of Moscow's prediction

1998 ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
N. S. Jurtueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Transformation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secular Power

In the XIV century. centripetal tendencies began to appear in the Moscow principality. Inside the Russian church, several areas were distinguished. Part of the clergy supported the specificobar form. The other understood the need for transformations in society. As a result, this led to a split in the Russian church in the 15th century for "non-possessors" and "Josephites". The former linked the fate of the future with the ideology of hesychasm and its moral transformation, while the latter sought support in alliance with a strong secular power.

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