Varietal Differences in Mature Protein Composition of Wheat Resulted From Different Rates of Polymer Accumulation During Grain Filling

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Mature Protein ◽  
Wheat Proteins ◽  
Soluble Polymer ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Insoluble Polymer

Two varieties of wheat differing in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition (Oxley, 2+12, Glu-D1a and Egret, 5+10, Glu-D1d) and dough properties were examined in order to determine the manner in which differences in mature protein composition were the result of differences in accumulation of proteins during grain filling. To this end, grain samples from each cultivar were taken at 5 day intervals from 10 days after anthesis to maturity, and analysed for protein content and composition. Wheat proteins were separated and quantified as albumin/globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. For both cultivars, the accumulation of each class of protein was found to be highly asynchronous: synthesis of albumin/globulin was followed by that of monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and finally SDS-insoluble polymer, such that the average molecular size of grain protein increased throughout grain filling. Varietal differences in mature protein composition were almost entirely the result of a greater rate of polymer accumulation in the 2+12 than in the 5+10 genotype.

Comparison of sudden heat stress with gradual exposure to high temperature during grain filling in two wheat varieties differing in heat tolerance. II. Fractional protein accumulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Stone ◽  
M.E. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Two varieties of wheat differing in heat tolerance (cvv. Egret and Oxley, tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were exposed to either a sudden or gradual (6°C h-1) increase from 20 to 40°C to determine if the rate of temperature increase used in controlled-environment studies (1) alters the accumulation of functionally important proteins during grain-filling, and (2) affects the ability to discriminate between heat tolerant and sensitive varieties of wheat. After heat treatment, grain samples were taken throughout grain growth and analysed for protein content and composition. Wheat proteins were separated and quantified as albumin/globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of temperature increase exerted a significant influence on the accumulation of total wheat protein and its fractions, and protein fractions differed in their responses to the suddenness of heat stress. The acclimation to heat stress afforded by a gradual increase to high temperature can mitigate the effects of heat stress on fractional protein accumulation, and consequently grain protein composition at maturity. Furthermore, the ability of wheat to acclimate to high temperature varies between genotypes, and this needs to be taken into account when selecting for heat tolerance.

The Influence of Recovery Treatment on the Effects of a Brief Heat Shock on Wheat. II. Fractional Protein Accumulation During Grain Growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Very High

In this study, we have sought to identify the nature of the response to both moderately high (25-32�C) and very high (>32�C) temperatures by examining their interactive effects on the accumulation of functionally important proteins during grain-filling. In particular, we wished to determine if the deleterious effects of very high temperature could be alleviated by subsequently cool conditions. To this end, wheat cv. Oxley was exposed to either 21/16 or 40/16�C (day/night) from 15 to 19 days after anthesis and subsequently grown under one of three temperature regimes until maturity: 21/16 (control), 27/22 or 30/25�C. Grain samples were taken throughout grain growth and analysed for protein content and composition. Wheat proteins were separated and quantified as albumin,globulin, monomer, SDS-soluble polymer and SDS-insoluble polymer using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The various protein fractions responded differentially and usually additively to moderately high and very high temperatures during grain-filling. Cool post-shock conditions did not alleviate the effects of very high temperature on grain protein composition. Heat treatments reduced polymer:monomer ratio because the accumulation of monomer was reduced less than that of polymer.

Determination of molecular size parameters and quantification of polyacrylic acid by high performance size-exclusion chromatography with triple detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 409 (8) ◽  
pp. 2083-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Cotte ◽  
Afifa Bouadam ◽  
Agathe Sordoillet ◽  
Isabelle Jaudinaud ◽  
Véronique Chambon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

scholarly journals Conjugates of Group A and W135 Capsular Polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis Bound to Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin C1: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Immunological Properties in Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 7887-7893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Jin ◽  
Gregory A. Bohach ◽  
Joseph Shiloach ◽  
Scott E. Norris ◽  
Darón I. Freedberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Acetyl Content ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Group A

ABSTRACT Neisseria meningitidis groups A (GAM) and W135 capsular polysaccharides (CPs) were bound to recombinant Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C1 (rSEC). The CPs were activated with 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate and then bound to adipic acid dihydrazide derivatives of rSEC. Syntheses were conducted with native GAM CP (GAMP), W135 CP (W135P), and ultrasonicated or hydrazine-treated W135P at various concentrations of reactants, pHs, and ionic strengths. The conjugates were characterized by compositional and serologic analyses, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering detection, and immunogenicity in 5- to 6-week-old mice. Conjugates injected subcutaneously in phosphate-buffered saline elicited immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses against their respective CPs and rSEC, whereas GAMP and W135P alone did not induce detectable CP antibodies. The O-acetyl content of W135P was low, and its removal had no adverse effect upon the conjugate's immunogenicity. Reduction of the molecular size of W135P by treatment with hydrazine improved the immunogenicity of W135P-rSEC. IgG anti-CP elicited by the conjugates showed complement-dependent bactericidal activity against their respective organisms, and IgG anti-rSEC neutralized the T-cell proliferative activity of native SEC. A bivalent formulation of GAMP-rSEC and W135P-rSEC elicited IgG anti-CP at comparable levels to those induced by the conjugates administered separately.

Evaluation of drinking water treatment processes focusing on natural organic matter removal and on disinfection by-product formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chae
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption

The aim of this study was to characterize and compare natural organic matter (NOM) removal and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in the drinking water treatment train that can give valuable information, while optimizing the treatment process. In this study, the determination of the hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (THP) and hydrophilic (HPI) NOM distribution was used in parallel with more related drinking water parameters to compare the selected waters. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was applied to evaluate the relative changes of molecular size distribution of NOM in different treatment steps and source waters. This showed that the quantity, speciation and activated carbon adsorption of DBPs could vary not only by water quality, but also by the distribution and properties of the organic molecules that comprise NOM.

Organic characterisation tools for distribution system management

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. K. Chow ◽  
Philipp Kuntke ◽  
Rolando Fabris ◽  
Mary Drikas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

In this investigation, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to characterise organic matter in treated drinking water at key sampling locations along two selected distribution systems (chlorinated and chloraminated). Other water quality parameters such as colour, UV254, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) as measured by bacterial regrowth potential (BRP), were also determined. One of the aims of this work was to develop new tools to monitor organic character change along the distribution system in order to identify impacting factors and develop management strategies based on water quality change. This study used samples from two contrasting distribution systems with different disinfection regimes and organic characteristics together with samples generated from laboratory simulations. System 1 is a chlorinated distribution system and generally requires elevated chlorine dosage to meet the demand due to the high DOC level. System 2 is a chloraminated system with stable water quality, low DOC and low chloramine dose (mild oxidation). Molecular size distribution determination using HPSEC is a very informative technique in assessing treatment processes and in this study the appearance of a molecular peak at 1,700 Da that can be used as an indicator of biological activity in distribution systems was confirmed. The use of BRP values, for upstream and downstream samples in the distribution system, was found to be a good approach to assess biological impacts on water stability. The observed biological impact from the biofilms between the studied systems were particularly useful in confirming the organic characterisation results.

Difference in Physicochemical Property of β-Glucan from Barley Flour and Bran

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yu ◽  
Lei Dong ◽  
Tian Jing Liu ◽  
Ling Shan Kong ◽  
Tao Feng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Barley Flour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Characterization ◽  
Barley Bran ◽  
Refractive Index Detector

Two kinds of β-glucan were extracted from barley flour and bran, with the purity of 75.3% and 76.2% respectively. Molecular size characterization was caarried out with high performance size exclusion chromatograhy combined with a multi-angle laser light scattering and a refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALL) , the molecular weight (Mw) of β-glucan from barley flour and bran was 2.262×104,7.128×104. X-ray diffraction and thermodynamics tests indicated that all β-glucans were noncrystalline but thermostable polymers. Differential scanning of calorimetry (DSC) showed the presence of peak related with water loss, confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the β-glucan from barley bran had higher onset temperature (T0=49.89°C) and peak temperature (TP=197°C). In scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, the β-glucan from barley bran showed more tight surface,which could be caused by higher molecular weight.

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