Effects of castration on androgen receptors and gonadotropins in the pituitary of adult male viscachas

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Filippa ◽  
Daiana Godoy ◽  
Edith Perez ◽  
Fabian Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Ventral Region

The aims of the present study were to determine whether castration results in quantitative immunohistochemical changes in androgen receptors (AR), LH-immunoreactive (IR) cells and FSH-IR cells, and to analyse the colocalisation of AR and gonadotropins in the pituitary pars distalis (PD) of viscachas. Pituitaries were processed for light and electron microscopy. AR-IR, LH-IR and FSH-IR cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. In morphometric studies, the percentage of AR-IR, LH-IR, FSH-IR, LH-IR/AR-IR and FSH-IR/AR-IR cells was determined. In intact viscachas, AR were distributed throughout the PD; they were numerous at the caudal end, with intense immunostaining. LH-IR cells and FSH-IR cells were found mainly in the ventral region and at the rostral end of the PD. Approximately 45%–66% of LH-IR cells and 49%–57% of FSH-IR cells expressed AR in the different zones of the PD. In castrated viscachas, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of AR-IR, LH-IR, FSH-IR, and FSH-IR/AR-IR cells. Some pituitary cells from castrated viscachas also exhibited ultrastructural changes. These results provide morphological evidence that gonadal androgens are directly related to the immunolabelling of AR, LH and FSH. Moreover, the colocalisation of AR and FSH is most affected by castration, suggesting the existence of a subpopulation of gonadotrophs with different regulatory mechanisms for hormonal synthesis, storage and secretion.

Alteration of Mitochondria in Oxythiamine-Induced, Acute Thiamine Deficiency in the Mouse

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Itaru Watanabe ◽  
Dante G. Scarpelli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Change ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ad Libitum

Acute thiamine deficiency was produced in mice by the administration of oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, superimposed upon a thiamine deficient diet. Adult male Swiss mice (30 gm. B.W.) were fed with a thiamine deficient diet ad libitumand were injected with oxythiamine (170 mg/Kg B.W.) subcutaneously on days 4 and 10. On day 11, severe lassitude and anorexia developed, followed by death within 48 hours. The animals treated daily with subcutaneous injections of thiamine (300 μg/Kg B.W.) from day 11 through 15 were kept alive. Similarly, feeding with a diet containing thiamine (600 μg/Kg B.W./day) from day 9 through 17 reversed the condition. During this time period, no fatal illness occurred in the controls which were pair-fed with a thiamine deficient diet.The oxythiamine-treated mice showed a significant enlargement of the liver, which weighed approximately 1.5 times as much as that of the pair-fed controls. By light and electron microscopy, the hepatocytes were markedly swollen due to severe fatty change and swelling of the mitochondria.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes of endothelium associated with thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Kitchens ◽  
L Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Endothelial Junctions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In a study of the relationship between thrombocytopenia and increased vascular fragility, changes in the endothelium of capillaries and postcapillary venules of the tongue were examined by electron microscopy. Adult male albino rabbits (4 kg) were maintained thrombocytopenic (platelets less than 20,000/cu mm) up to 24 hr by one to three injections of guinea pig antirabbit platelet serum. Within 6 hr the normal projections and folds of the lumenal surface of the endothelial surface were largely effaced. In addition, the endothelium became thinner. In places, pores and membranous diaphragms were observed. Endothelial junctions appeared normal. Identical findings were observed if rabbits were made thrombocytopenic by administration of intraperitoneal busulfan. Intravenously administered Thorotrast was observed in endothelial cells and in the extravascular spaces within 3 min after injection into thrombocytopenic animals, while it was seen only intravascularly in control rabbits. With the spontaneous restoration of circulating platelets, the endothelium reverted to normal.

scholarly journals Light and electron microscopy characteristics of the muscle of patients with SURF1 gene mutations associated with Leigh disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pronicki ◽  
E Matyja ◽  
D Piekutowska-Abramczuk ◽  
T Szymańska-Dębińska ◽  
A Karkucińska-Więckowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Leigh Syndrome ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Consistent Feature ◽  
Muscle Changes

Aims:Leigh syndrome (LS) is characterised by almost identical brain changes despite considerable causal heterogeneity. SURF1 gene mutations are among the most frequent causes of LS. Although deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is a typical feature of the muscle in SURF1-deficient LS, other abnormalities have been rarely described. The aim of the present work is to assess the skeletal muscle morphology coexisting with SURF1 mutations from our own research and in the literature.Methods:Muscle samples from 21 patients who fulfilled the criteria of LS and SURF1 mutations (14 homozygotes and 7 heterozygotes of c.841delCT) were examined by light and electron microscopy.Results:Diffuse decreased activity or total deficit of COX was revealed histochemically in all examined muscles. No ragged red fibres (RRFs) were seen. Lipid accumulation and fibre size variability were found in 14 and 9 specimens, respectively. Ultrastructural assessment showed several mitochondrial abnormalities, lipid deposits, myofibrillar disorganisation and other minor changes. In five cases no ultrastructural changes were found. Apart from slight correlation between lipid accumulation shown by histochemical and ultrastructural techniques, no other correlations were revealed between parameters investigated, especially between severity of morphological changes and the patient’s age at the biopsy.Conclusion:Histological and histochemical features of muscle of genetically homogenous SURF1-deficient LS were reproducible in detection of COX deficit. Minor muscle changes were not commonly present. Also, ultrastructural abnormalities were not a consistent feature. It should be emphasised that SURF1-deficient muscle assessed in the light and electron microscopy panel may be interpreted as normal if COX staining is not employed.

scholarly journals Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes in the Liver and Gills of the Killifish Aphanius Dispar (Cyprinodontidae) Exposed to Aflatoxin B1

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Horiya H. Al-Azri ◽  
Taher Ba-Omar ◽  
Abdulkadir Elshafie ◽  
Michael J Barry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
High Doses

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin which can cause serious toxicity to animals and humans.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AFB1 in Aphanius dispar fish and measure residues in tissues after in vivo exposure. Aphanius dispar were fed diets containing 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg AFB1/kg for 10, 20 and 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the liver and gills were dissected out and processed for light and electron microscopy. During the experiment, no external changes or unusual behavior were observed in the fish. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes in liver appeared under all four treatments: 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg AFB1/kg. Gill tissues were affected at high doses of 100,150 and 200 µg AFB1/kg. Accumulation of AFB1 residues in liver and gill tissues was found to be related to a dose and duration of exposure.  

Hepatic cytoprotection in treatment of canine heartworm

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
D.L. Friesen ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
M.E. Hitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Thiacetarsamide is an arsenic-containing drug used in the treatment of heartworm in dogs. The effective antihelmintic dose is toxic to the host animal. Acetylcysteine decreases the hepatotoxicity of some compounds by forming a conjugate with toxic metabolites of the compound. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cytoprotectant for hepatocytes in dogs treated with therapeutic levels of thiacetarsamide.Eighteen dogs were divided randomly into two groups. All dogs were given four doses of thiacetarsamide over two days. Nine dogs were given 10% acetylcysteine 15 min prior to each dose of thiacetarsamide. Needle biopsies of the liver were taken from each dog prior to the treatment and again one week post-treatment. The biopsies were fixed in 2% gluraraldehyde in phosphate buffer, pH 7.3, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, and processed for electron microscopy. Semithin and thin sections of the liver were examined by light and electron microscopy, respectively, for histopathologic and ultrastructural changes. The specimens were coded and the sample treatment was not known to the researchers at the time of observation.

Ultrastructural changes during transition of larval to adult intersegmental muscle at metamorphosis in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-74
Author(s):  
A. C. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Developing Muscle

Dissolution of the contractile apparatus derived from larval muscle occurs when pupal morphogenetic movements are complete, but a residual myofibre remains. Synapses with nerves are retained by degenerating myofibres, although the nerves are not structurally normal. Within the myofibre, the appearance of several types of unit membrane aggregate is coincident with the disappearance of normal sarcoplasmic reticulum. One type of aggregate consists of stacked cisternae, separated by a gap of 300 Å which is traversed by a three-dimensional connecting lattice of regularly arranged rods. These latticed cisternae appear to be derived from sarcoplasmic reticulum, and they interconnect with smooth-surfaced cisternae. Structures akin to latticed cisternae have been described by others in a variety of cells. Of particular interest is a report of their formation as a result of denervation in rat muscle. This report, coupled with the evidence presented here, suggests that latticed cisternae are indicative of changed nervous stimuli in degenerating muscle. Changes in the membrane systems are rapidly followed by resorption of the myofilaments. Thick myofilaments disappear first, followed by thin myofilaments, with the eventual disappearance of Z-discs completing the dissolution of the sarcomere. No evidence was obtained for the segregation of myofilaments in membrane-bound vacuoles, or for the presence of lysosomes in muscle at this time. It is suggested that these observations are consistent with theories developed by others for retention of protein structure, rather than disassembly into amino acids, at metamorphosis in insects. Formation of surface blebs is correlated with loss of organelles to the haemolymph. Morphological evidence supports the proposition that coated vesicles are involved in exchange of proteins with the haemolymph, shortly before adult myofilaments form. Insect myoblast fine structure is described. The bipolar shape of these cells is shown to be associated with an oriented fascicle of microtubules. Attention is drawn to the plasma membrane of the myoblast, which bears folds at the points where flexion of the cell can be demonstrated by time-lapse microscopy. Myoblasts do not contain recognizable microfilaments other than microtubules. Fusion of free-floating myoblasts with the residual myofibre is demonstrated by light and electron microscopy, and the stages of fusion are described. Ultrastructual manifestation of a cell recognition process was not detected. The process of multinucleation of developing muscle cells in insects is directly comparable with myoblast fusion in vertebrate cells. However, in Calliphora the resulting myofibre contains two classes of nucleus, easily recognizable on basis of size. The structure of these nuclear classes, and the role played by each in adult myofibril formation, is investigated in an accompanying paper.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes of endothelium associated with thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Kitchens ◽  
L Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Endothelial Junctions ◽  
The Relationship

In a study of the relationship between thrombocytopenia and increased vascular fragility, changes in the endothelium of capillaries and postcapillary venules of the tongue were examined by electron microscopy. Adult male albino rabbits (4 kg) were maintained thrombocytopenic (platelets less than 20,000/cu mm) up to 24 hr by one to three injections of guinea pig antirabbit platelet serum. Within 6 hr the normal projections and folds of the lumenal surface of the endothelial surface were largely effaced. In addition, the endothelium became thinner. In places, pores and membranous diaphragms were observed. Endothelial junctions appeared normal. Identical findings were observed if rabbits were made thrombocytopenic by administration of intraperitoneal busulfan. Intravenously administered Thorotrast was observed in endothelial cells and in the extravascular spaces within 3 min after injection into thrombocytopenic animals, while it was seen only intravascularly in control rabbits. With the spontaneous restoration of circulating platelets, the endothelium reverted to normal.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Dendritic Changes Underlying Diaschisis After Capsular Infarct

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-517
Author(s):  
Min-Cheol Lee ◽  
Ra Gyung Kim ◽  
Taebum Lee ◽  
Jo-Heon Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Neuronal Soma ◽  
Axodendritic Synapses

Abstract Diaschisis has been described as functional depression distant to the lesion. A variety of neuroscientific approaches have been used to investigate the mechanisms underlying diaschisis. However, few studies have examined the pathological changes in diaschisis at ultrastructural level. Here, we used a rat model of capsular infarct that consistently produces diaschisis in ipsilesional and contralesional motor and sensory cortices. To verify the occurrence of diaschisis and monitor time-dependent changes in diaschisis, we performed longitudinal 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose microPET (FDG-microPET) study. We also used light and electron microscopy to identify the microscopic and ultrastructural changes at the diaschisis site at 7, 14, and 21 days after capsular infarct modeling (CIM). FDG-microPET showed the occurrence of diaschisis after CIM. Light microscopic examinations revealed no significant histopathological changes at the diaschisis site except a mild degree of reactive astrogliosis. However, electron microscopy revealed swollen, hydropic degeneration of axial dendrites and axodendritic synapses, although the neuronal soma (including nuclear chromatin and cytoplasmic organelles) and myelinated axons were relatively well preserved up to 21 days after injury. Furthermore, number of axodendritic synapses was significantly decreased after CIM. These data indicate that a circumscribed subcortical white-matter lesion produces ultrastructural pathological changes related to the pathogenesis of diaschisis.

Ultrastructure of Atypical Spermatozoa in Colcemid-Treated Chinese Hamsters

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
B. R. Brinkley ◽  
J. B. Rattner ◽  
Marion Gay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flagellar Apparatus ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamsters ◽  
Microtubule Formation

Colcemid, a derivative of colchicine, is well known for its capacity to inhibit microtubule formation in plant and animal cells. To determine the role of various microtubular systems such as the manchette, centrioles, and flagellar apparatus in mammalian spermiogenesis, adult male Chinese hamsters were injected daily with Colcemid at concentrations of from 6.5 x 10-5 M to 2.8 x 10-2 M. At various times following injections, the animals were sacrificed and testes and epidiymides were prepared for both light and electron microscopy.Concentrations greater than 2.7 x 10-4 M generally were lethal to animals within a period of 24 hours to 9 days. At lesser concentrations, animals survived normally without apparent ill effects.

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