Carboxylesterase overexpression in the male reproductive tract: a universal safeguarding mechanism?

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Mikhailov ◽  
M. Torrado
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hypothetical Explanation

Data on expression patterns of carboxylesterases in the male reproductive tract of different animal groups (i.e. bivalve mollusks, fruitflies and rodents) are summarized to highlight some particularly interesting questions in the context of sperm differentiation, maturation and function. The male reproduc-tive system, in spite of extreme variation in the anatomical/morphological organization in different species, is characterized by similar patterns of male-dependent carboxylesterase overexpression. The phenomenon of conserved carboxylesterase overexpression indicates similar male sex-associated functions of the enzymes. There is possible evidence of carboxylesterase recruitment by male reproductive-tract tissues indi-cating that it could be adaptive for spermatogenesis, sperm maturation and sperm use. Moreover, this idea can be extended to include a sperm cell lineage protection. This issue is discussed in the light of recent data on environmental reproductive xenobiotics that can provide a basis for a hypothetical explanation of car-boxylesterase overexpression in the male reproductive tract. Based on a well-known role of car-boxylesterases in detoxification of environmental chemicals such as organophosphate pesticides, it is proposed that various male genital tract carboxylesterases may be characterized by a similar physiological function to protect the male reproductive system against xenobiotic influences that could provoke its dys-function, thus altering sperm differentiation and maturation.

scholarly journals Estrogen Modulates Glycerol Permeability in Sertoli Cells through Downregulation of Aquaporin-9

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Bernardino ◽  
David Carrageta ◽  
Ana Silva ◽  
Giuseppe Calamita ◽  
Marco Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Aquaporin 9 ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
And Function ◽  
Glycerol Permeability

High 17β-Estradiol (E2) levels are known to cause alterations of spermatogenesis and environments throughout the male reproductive tract. Sertoli cells (SCs) ensure an adequate environment inside the seminiferous tubule. Glycerol stands as essential for the maintenance of blood–testis barrier created by SCs, however, the role of E2 in this process is not known. Herein, we hypothesized that the effect of E2 on glycerol permeability in mouse SCs (mSCs) could be mediated by aquaglyceroporins. The expression of aquaglyceroporins was assessed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Glycerol permeability was evaluated by stopped-flow light scattering. We were able to identify the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 in mSCs where AQP9 is more abundant than AQP3. Our results show that high E2 levels decrease AQP9 mRNA abundance with no influence on AQP3 in mSCs. Interestingly, high E2 levels decreased mSCs’ permeability to glycerol, while downregulating AQP9 expression, thus suggesting a novel mechanism by which E2 modulates fluid secretion in the testis. In conclusion, E2 is an important regulator of mSCs physiology and secretion through changes in AQP9 expression and function. Thus, alterations in glycerol permeability induced by E2 may be the cause for male infertility in cases associated with the presence of high E2 levels.

Changes in distribution of labile zinc in mouse spermatozoa during maturation in the epididymis assessed by the fluorophore Zinquin

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Zalewski ◽  
X Jian ◽  
LL Soon ◽  
WG Breed ◽  
RF Seamark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
And Function ◽  
Triton X

The Zn(II)-specific fluorophore Zinquin was used to determine the regional distribution of free or loosely-bound Zn(II) in mouse spermatozoa. Spermatozoa from the testes exhibited bright fluorescence over the entire head; those from the caput epididymides generally fluoresced more brightly in the post-acrosomal region; and spermatozoa from the caudae epididymides fluoresced less brightly, with foci of fluorescence over the sperm head which were lost after extraction with Triton X-100 and hence appeared to be membrane-associated. Treatment of cauda sperm with sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in a bright uniform Zinquin fluorescence in the heads, similar to that observed in caput sperm, indicating that the two types of sperm have similar amounts of head Zn(II) but that the availability of Zn(II) for binding Zinquin is different. By contrast, the intensity of tail fluorescence was similar in spermatozoa from different regions of the male reproductive tract and was largely unaffected by Triton X-100 extraction, consistent with an intracellular location. Similar differences were observed between caput sperm and cauda sperm in the rat. It is concluded that visualization and measurement of free or loosely-bound Zn(II) in subcellular compartments of spermatozoa should facilitate investigation of the role of this metal in the development and function of spermatozoa and abnormalities that might accompany infertility and Zn(II) deficiency.

The Effect of PDE5 Inhibitors on the Male Reproductive Tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Sofikitis ◽  
Aris Kaltsas ◽  
Fotios Dimitriadis ◽  
Jens Rassweiler ◽  
Nikolaos Grivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Pde5 Inhibitors ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

The therapeutic range of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5) inhibitors is getting wider in the last years. This review study focuses on the potential employment of PDE5 inhibitors as an adjunct tool for the therapeutic management of male infertility. The literature tends to suggest a beneficial effect of PDE5 inhibitors on Leydig and Sertoli cells secretory function. It also appears that PDE5 inhibitors play a role in the regulation of the contractility of the testicular tunica albuginea and the epididymis. Moreover scientific data suggest that PDE5 inhibitors enhance the prostatic secretory function leading to an improvement in sperm motility. Other studies additionally demonstrate a role of PDE5 inhibitors in the regulation of sperm capacitation process. Placebo-controlled, randomized, blind studies are necessary to unambiguously incorporate PDE5 inhibitors as an adjunct tool for the pharmaceutical treatment of semen disorders and male infertility.

scholarly journals FOXP2 exhibits projection neuron class specific expression, but is not required for multiple aspects of cortical histogenesis

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J Kast ◽  
Alexandra L Lanjewar ◽  
Colton D Smith ◽  
Pat Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Neuron Populations ◽  
Mouse Cortex ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Molecular Phenotypes ◽  
And Function

The expression patterns of the transcription factor FOXP2 in the developing mammalian forebrain have been described, and some studies have tested the role of this protein in the development and function of specific forebrain circuits by diverse methods and in multiple species. Clinically, mutations in FOXP2 are associated with severe developmental speech disturbances, and molecular studies indicate that impairment of Foxp2 may lead to dysregulation of genes involved in forebrain histogenesis. Here, anatomical and molecular phenotypes of the cortical neuron populations that express FOXP2 were characterized in mice. Additionally, Foxp2 was removed from the developing mouse cortex at different prenatal ages using two Cre-recombinase driver lines. Detailed molecular and circuit analyses were undertaken to identify potential disruptions of development. Surprisingly, the results demonstrate that Foxp2 function is not required for many functions that it has been proposed to regulate, and therefore plays a more limited role in cortical development than previously thought.

scholarly journals THE MAIN EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THYROID GLAND (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
О.І. Tiron
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Temperature Irradiation ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
And Function

Despite the important role of the thyroid gland in regulating the functions of the body, the gland is quite sensitive to the adverse effects of various factors on the body. The purpose of the work is to analyze modern sources of scientific literature devoted to the study of the influence of exo- and endogenous factors on the morpho-functional properties of the thyroid gland. Literary data on the influence on the thyroid gland of various environmental chemicals, insufficient or excessive consumption of iodine and selenium, vitamin D deficiency, exposure to pharmaceuticals, smoking, environmental temperature, irradiation, infections, stress, as well as factors of the internal environment, such as atherosclerosis and pregnancy. There are a small number of modern scientific studies concerning the influence on the structure and function of the thyroid gland consequences of thermal injury of the skin.

scholarly journals ATP secretion in the male reproductive tract: essential role of CFTR

2012 ◽  
Vol 590 (17) ◽  
pp. 4209-4222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chun Ruan ◽  
Winnie W. C. Shum ◽  
Clémence Belleannée ◽  
Nicolas Da Silva ◽  
Sylvie Breton
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Atp Secretion

scholarly journals Expression and Function Studies of CYC/TB1-Like Genes in the Asymmetric Flower Canna (Cannaceae, Zingiberales)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianxia Yu ◽  
Xueyi Tian ◽  
Canjia Lin ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
Jingping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Inflorescence Architecture ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Fertile Stamen ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
And Function

The asymmetric flower, lacking any plane of symmetry, is rare among angiosperms. Canna indica L. has conspicuously asymmetric flowers resulting from the presence of a half-fertile stamen, while the other androecial members develop as petaloid staminodes or abort early during development. The molecular basis of the asymmetric distribution of fertility and petaloidy in the androecial whorls remains unknown. Ontogenetic studies have shown that Canna flowers are borne on monochasial (cincinnus) partial florescences within a racemose inflorescence, with floral asymmetry likely corresponding to the inflorescence architecture. Given the hypothesized role of CYC/TB1 genes in establishing floral symmetry in response to the influence of the underlying inflorescence architecture, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of three Canna CYC/TB1 homologs (CiTBL1a, CiTBL1b-1, and CiTBL1b-2) were analyzed during inflorescence and floral development using RNA in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. In the young inflorescence, both CiTBL1a and CiTBL1b-1 were found to be expressed in the bracts and at the base of the lateral florescence branches, whereas transcripts of CiTBL1b-2 were mainly detected in flower primordia and inflorescence primordia. During early flower development, expression of CiTBL1a and CiTBL1b-1 were both restricted to the developing sepals and petals. In later flower development, expression of CiTBL1a was reduced to a very low level while CiTBL1b-1 was detected with extremely high expression levels in the petaloid androecial structures including the petaloid staminodes, the labellum, and the petaloid appendage of the fertile stamen. In contrast, expression of CiTBL1b-2 was strongest in the fertile stamen throughout flower development, from early initiation of the stamen primordium to maturity of the ½ anther. Heterologous overexpression of CiTBL genes in Arabidopsis led to dwarf plants with smaller petals and fewer stamens, and altered the symmetry of mature flowers. These data provide evidence for the involvement of CYC/TB1 homologs in the development of the asymmetric Cannaceae flower.

scholarly journals Expression of CD markers in JAK2V617F positive myeloproliferative neoplasms: Prognostic significance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Shahrabi ◽  
Ali Ehsanpour ◽  
Somayyeh Heidary ◽  
Mohammad Shahjahani ◽  
Masumeh Maleki Behzad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Leukemic Transformation ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cd Markers

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by the presence of JAK2V617F mutation. Thrombohemorrhagic as well as autoimmune or inflammatory phenomena are common clinical outcomes of these disorders. Recent studies have shown that abnormality in frequency and function of blood cells manifested by an alteration in CD markers’ expression patterns play a key role in these complications. So, there may be a relationship between CD markers’ expressions and prognosis of JAK2V617F positive MPNs. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on these abnormalities from the perspective of changing expressions of CD markers and assessment of the relationship between these changes with prognosis of JAK2V617F positive MPNs. It can be stated that the abnormal expression of a large number of CD markers can be used as a prognostic biomarker for clinical outcomes including thrombohememorrhagic events, as well as autoimmune and leukemic transformation in JAK2V617F positive MPNs. Considering the possible role of CD markers’ expressions in JAK2V617F MPNs prognosis, further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between the expression of CD markers with prognosis to be able to find an appropriate therapeutic approach via targeting CD markers.

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