scholarly journals 191 TIMING OF OVULATION IN THE GONADOTROPHIN-STIMULATED SOUTHERN HAIRY-NOSED WOMBAT, LASIORHINUS LATIFRONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Druery ◽  
M.D. Rival ◽  
D.A. Taggart ◽  
G.A. Shimmin ◽  
A.B. Horsup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Follicular Response ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Breeding Techniques

The southern hairy-nosed wombat (SHW), Lasiorhinus latifrons, is a model species in which to develop assisted breeding techniques for the endangered northern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii. We recently showed that anoestrus SHW respond to eutherian gonadotrophins by production of multiple ovarian follicles, but ovulation had not occurred at the time of examination 24 h post-LH (Druery GV et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 391 abst). This study investigated the timing of ovulation in six anoestrus captive adult female SHW (n = 3 per group) after ovarian superstimulation using porcine FSH (200 mg total, Folltropin-V, Bioniche, Belleville, Ontario, Canada) administered s.c. at 12-h intervals over 7 days. Ovulation was triggered by a single s.c. dose of porcine LH (25 mg Lutropin-V, Bioniche) 12 h after the final FSH injection. Superstimulatory response was determined by laparoscopy immediately after the final FSH injection on Day 7 prior to LH. Group 1 was re-examined at 33, 36, and 39 h post-LH, and Group 2 at 42, 45, and 48 h post-LH, for evidence of ovulations using laparoscopy and transabdominal ultrasonography. Laparoscopy on Day 7 revealed an ovarian follicular response in all six females, which coincided with the highest levels of estradiol. The reproductive tract also responded to the treatment (swollen fimbriae and enlarged, highly vascular uteri). Multiple follicles (range 16–31) up to 11 mm in diameter were observed in five females. One female had ovulated, as determined by the presence of corpora lutea. Transabdominal ultrasonographic imaging was unable to confirm the number of follicles in stimulated ovaries. Ovulation had commenced by 36 h post-LH, with the majority occurring 39–45 h post-LH. Ovulation was recorded as having occurred if a dark red, highly vascular crater on the surface of the newly formed corpus hemorrhagicum was observed. Increased circulating levels of progesterone were confirmed 9 days after the last laparoscopies. These results have important implications for the development of assisted reproductive technologies in the SHW: (1) transabdominal ultrasound imaging is ineffective for determining ovarian activity; (2) laparoscopy is a well-tolerated, repeatable minor surgical procedure that can be used for intrauterine AI in this species in which nonsurgical AI is unlikely to succeed (Paris DBBP et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 401 abst); and (3) knowledge of the timing of ovulation will enable insemination of spermatozoa into the uterus prior to ovulation. Financial support was provided by Dr. M. Jacobson, and hormones were supplied by Bioniche.

scholarly journals Microbiota and Human Reproduction: The Case of Female Infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Tomaiuolo ◽  
Iolanda Veneruso ◽  
Federica Cariati ◽  
Valeria D’Argenio
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Generation Sequencing

During the last decade, the availability of next-generation sequencing-based approaches has revealed the presence of microbial communities in almost all the human body, including the reproductive tract. As for other body sites, this resident microbiota has been involved in the maintenance of a healthy status. As a consequence, alterations due to internal or external factors may lead to microbial dysbiosis and to the development of pathologies. Female reproductive microbiota has also been suggested to affect infertility, and it may play a key role in the success of assisted reproductive technologies, such as embryo implantation and pregnancy care. While the vaginal microbiota is well described, the uterine microbiota is underexplored. This could be due to technical issues, as the uterus is a low biomass environment. Here, we review the state of the art regarding the role of the female reproductive system microbiota in women’s health and human reproduction, highlighting its contribution to infertility.

scholarly journals Negative impact of high doses of follicle-stimulating hormone during superovulation on the ovulatory follicle function in small ovarian reserve dairy heifers†

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin R Karl ◽  
Fermin Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
Emily Gibbings ◽  
Janet L H Ireland ◽  
Zaramasina L Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract When women with small ovarian reserves are subjected to assisted reproductive technologies, high doses of gonadotropins are linked to high oocyte and embryo wastage and low live birth rates. We hypothesized that excessive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) doses during superovulation are detrimental to ovulatory follicle function in individuals with a small ovarian reserve. To test this hypothesis, heifers with small ovarian reserves were injected twice daily for 4 days, beginning on Day 1 of the estrous cycle with 35, 70, 140, or 210 IU doses of Folltropin-V (FSH). Each heifer (n = 8) was superovulated using a Williams Latin Square Design. During each superovulation regimen, three prostaglandin F2α injections were given at 12-h interval, starting at the seventh FSH injection to regress the newly formed corpus luteum (CL). Human chorionic gonadotropin was injected 12 h after the last (8th) FSH injection to induce ovulation. Daily ultrasonography and blood sampling were used to determine the number and size of follicles and corpora lutea, uterine thickness, and circulating concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The highest doses of FSH did not increase AMH, progesterone, number of ovulatory-size follicles, uterine thickness, or number of CL. However, estradiol production and ovulation rate were lower for heifers given high FSH doses compared to lower doses, indicating detrimental effects on ovulatory follicle function.

scholarly journals Microphysiologic systems in female reproductive biology

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (17) ◽  
pp. 1690-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria N Young ◽  
Georgette Moyle-Heyrman ◽  
J Julie Kim ◽  
Joanna E Burdette
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Organ Systems

Microphysiologic systems (MPS), including new organ-on-a-chip technologies, recapitulate tissue microenvironments by employing specially designed tissue or cell culturing techniques and microfluidic flow. Such systems are designed to incorporate physiologic factors that conventional 2D or even 3D systems cannot, such as the multicellular dynamics of a tissue–tissue interface or physical forces like fluid sheer stress. The female reproductive system is a series of interconnected organs that are necessary to produce eggs, support embryo development and female health, and impact the functioning of non-reproductive tissues throughout the body. Despite its importance, the human reproductive tract has received less attention than other organ systems, such as the liver and kidney, in terms of modeling with MPS. In this review, we discuss current gaps in the field and areas for technological advancement through the application of MPS. We explore current MPS research in female reproductive biology, including fertilization, pregnancy, and female reproductive tract diseases, with a focus on their clinical applications. Impact statement This review discusses existing microphysiologic systems technology that may be applied to study of the female reproductive tract, and those currently in development to specifically investigate gametes, fertilization, embryo development, pregnancy, and diseases of the female reproductive tract. We focus on the clinical applicability of these new technologies in fields such as assisted reproductive technologies, drug testing, disease diagnostics, and personalized medicine.

174 COMPARISON OF ORAL ALTRENOGEST, CIDR, AND LONG-ACTING PROGESTERONE FOR SYNCHRONIZATION OF ESTRUS IN MARES

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Card ◽  
M. Diel de Amorim ◽  
J. Bruemmer ◽  
E. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
White House ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Agriculture Research Institute ◽  
Long Acting

Synchronization of oestrus in mares remains a challenge to practitioners using Assisted Reproductive Technologies. The research objective was to compare adverse reactions and reproductive parameters in mares treated with different sources of progestins for oestrus synchronization. Mixed breeds of mares with a mean age of 3 years (range 2–20) were used. Groups were: 1) altrenogest 0.044 mg kg–1 BW PO daily for 10 days (D) (Regumate, Merck, White House Station, NJ, USA) (n = 30), 2) Long-acting progesterone (LAP4) (BET Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA) (n = 30) 10 cc IM once in the neck, and 3) Controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR-B 1.9 g P4; Zoetis, Kirkland, QC, Canada) (n = 15) vaginal insert for 10 days. Mares were randomly assigned to treatment and evaluated using transrectal reproductive ultrasonography on Days 1 (treatment initiation), 5, 10, and daily during oestrus until ovulation (Ov). On Day 10, mares were given 250 µg of cloprostenol (PG) (Estrumate, Merck) IM, and when a follicle (F) >35 mm was detected 2500 IU hCG (Chorulon, Intervet, Millsboro, MD, USA) was administered IM. Adverse reactions were scored as follows: Regumate – any reaction at any time; LAP4 – the injection site was inspected and scored as: 0, no reaction; 1, mild slight raised area; 2, moderate reaction 5 cm; 3, severe reaction 6–10 cm; 4, very severe reaction >10 cm on Day 5 post-injection; CIDR categorical scores were: 0, no discharge; 1, mild vaginal discharge on CIDR at withdrawal; 2, moderate discharge on tail or vulva; 3, severe urine scald or visible discharge; 4, very severe thickened inflamed skin from urine scald or discharge. Chi-squared test at P < 0.05 was used to evaluate the overall frequency of reactions in mares, and the presence of intrauterine fluid. The time from cloprostenol (PG) to F 35, hCG to Ov, PG to Ov, and mm of intrauterine fluid on Days 1–3, was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskall–Wallis at P < 0.05. Results of the overall adverse reactions were: Group 1 0/30 (0%), Group 2 9/30 (30%), and Group 3 14/15 (93.3%). The Group 2 treatment resulted in category 0–4 reactions as follows (21/30, 1/30, 5/30, 2/30, 1/30) and for Group 3 category 0–4 (1/15, 13/15, 0/15, 1/15, 0/15), respectively. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was significantly different between groups (P = 0.0000) with Group 2 having the highest rate. Reproductive parameter results were median (quartiles) days from PG to F35 for groups 1–3 respectively: 4 (2.8–6), 5 (0–6), 3 (4–6), hours from hCG to OV: 42(42–42), 42 (42–72), 42 (43–54); and days from PG to OV: 8 (4.5–8), 8 (5–8), 6.6 (4.8–8). Fluid Day 1, Day 2, Day 3 had a median of 0 mm on all days, and on Day 3 mm of fluid was mild 0 (0–0.125) but different between groups (P = 0.0379). The detection of intrauterine fluid on Day 2 (P = 0.005) was different between groups. No follicle wave synchronization was achieved by progestin administration; hence, the main differences noted between groups were the frequency of adverse reactions, rather than the reproductive parameters studied. The cost of the treatment and the frequency of adverse reactions are important considerations when choosing an oestrus synchronization therapy for mares. Research was supported by the Alberta Agriculture Research Institute.

Effectiveness of programs of auxiliary reproductive technologies in patients of late reproductive age

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E P Beik ◽  
A G Syrkasheva ◽  
N V Dolgushina
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Twofold Decrease ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs in patients of different age groups, taking into account clinical and laboratory data. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study included 188 patients with infertility of various genesis who were stratified according to age: group 1 (n=87) - patients of late reproductive age - LRA (>35 years), group 2 (n=101) - patients of early reproductive age (≤35 years). Results. In patients with ART compared with patients with LRA, the chances of pregnancy were reduced by 2.2 times (odds ratio - OR 2.2, 95% confidence interval - CI 1.1-4.3), the chances of live birth were 2 times (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.0-3.9). The only factor affecting the onset of pregnancy in addition to age was the number of embryos received. The threshold age at which and above which the chances of pregnancy and live birth decreased as much as possible were the age of 37 years: the OR of pregnancy 2.6 (95% CI 1.4-5.1, AUC 61.3%), OR live birth 2.6 (95% CI 1.3-5.1, AUC 60.8%). Conclusions. In patients of LRA there is a twofold decrease in the effectiveness of ART programs due to a significant decrease in the number of oocytes obtained, mature oocytes, and, accordingly, embryos.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa with penetrating and non-penetrating cryoprotectants

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
E. Pavlovich ◽  
G. Gapon ◽  
T. Yurchuk ◽  
M. Petrushko
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cryopreservation Method ◽  
Group 1

Сryopreserved spermatozoa are widely used in infertility treatment by assisted reproductive technologies. However, the spermatozoa survival rate remains low in patients with oligoastenoteratozoospermia. Therefore the development of effective cryopreservation methods for spermatozoa from pathospermia is relevant. The effectiveness of cryopreservation spermatozoa from oligoastenoteratozoospermia man using penetrating and non-penetrating cryoprotectants was compared. Sperm motility, viability and morphological characteristics were evaluated after cryopreservation with glycerol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The average number of spermatozoa count in fresh ejaculate was (11.0±0.2) mln/ml. After isolation of active motile fraction the number of cells was (3.8±0.3) mln/ml and (84.3±8.4) % from them were motile (group 3). (78.8±6.6) % of spermatozoa cryopreserved with glycerol (group 1) and (41.4±8.1) % cryopreserved with polyvinylpyrrolidone (group 2) remained active motile. The spermatozoa viability after cryopreservation was (82.1±8.6) % and (89.6±8.6) % in group 1 and 2, respectively. Despite the high rate of spermatozoa survival in group 1 the number of motile cells decreased to (27.3±4.8) % after cryoprotectant removing stage. Morphological analysis revealed that the incidence of spermatozoa head abnormalities was (25.97±2.67), (19.21±2.67) and (20.57±1.19) % in group 1–3, respectively. The differences of spermatozoa midpiece and tail abnormalities in the study groups were statistically insignificant. The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a cryoprotectant allows preserving 90 % of survived spermatozoa from oligoastenoteratozoospermia men after freeze/thawing. The set of spermatozoa head, neck and midpiece abnormalities is significantly lower after cryopreservation with polyvinylpyrrolidone compared with routine method with glycerol. Two-stage spermatozoa cryopreservation method with polyvinylpyrrolidone is promising for assisted reproductive technologies since spermatozoa can be used immediately after warming for oocyte fertilization without cryoprotectant removing step.

The effect of age on the female reproductive tract of the hopping-mouse Notomys alexis

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Telfer ◽  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Group 1

The effect of age on the female reproductive system of N. alexis was investigated in the following age groups: (1) 2.5-6 months; (2) 1-2 years; (3) >2 years old. Oestrous cycle length was slightly reduced in group 2 females relative to group 1, but most group 3 females showed either constant dioestrus or constant oestrus. Body, ovarian and uterine weights all tended to increase with age, and Graafian follicles and corpora lutea were present in females in all groups although the latter were significantly fewer in group 3. Cytology of uterine epithelial cells of females in dioestrus indicated that numbers of microvilli in old animals were somewhat variable but generally decreased, some cells appearing almost devoid of them, whereas numbers of secondary lysosomes and multi-vesicular bodies tended to increase. The effect of these differences on possible infertility have, however, yet to be proved.

scholarly journals Ovarian inactivity in female dromedary camels

2021 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Nabil Mansour ◽  
Aly Karen
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Group 1

The present study describes a clinical trial aimed at understanding the causes of ovarian inactivity among female dromedary racing camels in the United Arab Emirates. A total of 1406 female racing camels were presented to the Aljazeera Veterinary Center during a 19-month period from September 2014 to April 2016 because of repeat breeding (as identified by camel owners). Females underwent ultrasonographic examination of the reproductive tract, as well as a manual vaginal examination. Any observed reproductive tract abnormalities were record. A percentage of 23.8 of females possessed no detectable reproductive tract abnormalities (and thus were diagnosed as typical repeat breeders). Of the remaining 76.2% of females, 59% had utero-tubal abnormalities and 41% had ovarian afflictions. The incidences of ovarian and utero-tubal affections in nulliparous and parous infertile females were 66.7 % versus 33.3 % (P<0.05) and 32.2% versus 67.8% (P<0.05), respectively. Most of the ovarian affections were due to ovarian inactivity or ovario-hydrobursitis. The incidence of ovarian inactivity and ovarian hydro-bursitis in nulliparous and parous females were 57.6% versus 13.2% (P<0.05) and 5.8% versus 18.1% (P<0.05), respectively. A subset of animals lacking ovarian activity (n=81) and cyclic control females (n=24) underwent blood sample collection. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of red blood cells, hemoglobin, total protein, copper, glucose, calcium, iron, and phosphorus. Blood concentrations of glucose were higher and blood concentrations of copper were lower in females with inactive ovaries compared with cyclic females. After exclusion of animals with poor general health, the remaining females that did not have ovarian activity (n=234) were divided into one of three treatment groups: Group 1 (n=71) received a single treatment of subcutaneous copper and intramuscular multivitamins, plus daily intravenous infusion of phosphorous for 5 days and oral minerals and vitamins daily for 7 days; Group 2 (n=104) received a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin; Group 3 (n=64) were treated identically to group 1 females with the exception of receiving a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin at the end of the 7-day treatment period; A number of 20 females was a subset of Group 3 females who failed to respond to treatment – they were treated for 10 days with an intravaginal device containing progesterone followed by a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin given at intravaginal device removal. Group 3 females exhibited a higher ovarian response to treatment than either Group 2 or Group 1 females which were different from one another. Conception rate was lower in Group 2 females than in Group 1 and group 3 females which were not different. Embryonic mortality was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 and 3 females which were not different.

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