116 EFFECTS OF EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY ON THE SUBSEQUENT EMBRYO AND FETAL LOSS IN DAIRY COWS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
I. H. Kim ◽  
J. I. Lee ◽  
U. H. Kim ◽  
H. G. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
National University

Under on-farm condition, pregnancy diagnosis can be rapidly and accurately diagnosed using ultrasound. However, the risk of the incidence of embryo and fetal loss following early pregnancy diagnosis has not been fully determined. This study assessed, using ultrasonography, the incidence of embryo and fetal loss in dairy cows following early pregnancy diagnosis after artificial insemination. A positive pregnancy was the recognition of the vesicle, embryo, or fetus by ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 5.0- or 7.5-MHz linear array transducer; Medison Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea). Pregnancies (n = 702) were divided into three groups according to the number of days pregnant diagnosed: early A group (27 to 40 days, n = 143), early B group (41 to 50 days, n = 172), or standard group (51 to 70 days, n = 387). Following a positive pregnancy diagnosis, embryo or fetal loss included all cows with observed abortions and also cows found open after the positive pregnancy diagnosis. Data were analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test using an SAS program (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The incidence rate of embryo or fetal loss within 7 days after pregnancy diagnosis was 1.4, 0.6, and 0.3% for the early A, early B, and standard groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The incidence rate of the embryo or fetal loss during 8 to 30 days after pregnancy diagnosis was not different (P > 0.05) among the early A (0%), early B (1.2%), and standard groups (1.0%). Furthermore, the cumulative incidence rate of the embryo or fetal loss before calving was not different (P > 0.05) among the early A (9.8%), early B (9.3%), and standard groups (5.9%). In conclusion, early pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography does not significantly increase the risk of embryo and fetal loss in dairy cows. This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2007.

Concentrations of progesterone in milk as a monitor of early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla A. Zaied ◽  
C.J. Bierschwal ◽  
R.G. Elmore ◽  
R.S. Youngquist ◽  
A.J. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

7 COMPARISON OF TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROTOCOLS USING PROSTAGLANDIN F2α+ESTRADIOL OR PROSTAGLANDIN F2α+ESTRADIOL+GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE IN DAIRY COWS

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
J. K. Jeong ◽  
H. G. Kang ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination

This study compared pregnancy rates following 2 timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols using PGF2α + oestradiol or PGF2α + oestradiol + GnRH in dairy cows. Four hundred fifty-five Holstein dairy cows, 2.2 ± 0.1 in parity, 148.3 ± 3.6 days in milk, with corpus luteum of greater than 20 mm diameter confirmed by ultrasonography (Tringa Linear with 5.0 MHz array transducer; Esaote Pie Medical, Maastricht, the Netherlands) were randomly divided into two treatments: an injection of 500 μg of cloprostenol, PGF2α analogue (Iliren cycle BP®, Intervet International GmbH, Unterschleissheim, Germany) and an injection of 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate (EB, SY Esrone, Samyang, Seoul, Korea) 36 h later (PGF2α + EB group, n = 257), or an injection of 500 μg of cloprostenol, an injection of 2 mg of EB 36 h later and an additional injection of 100 μg of gonadorelin, GnRH analogue (Godorel, Uni-Biotech Co., Ltd., Korea) 24 h later (PGF2α + EB + GnRH group, n = 198). All cows in the two groups received TAI 24 h after the EB injection. Pregnancy was determined at 40 to 50 days after TAI by using both ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Pregnancy rates between the PGF2α + EB and PGF2α + EB + GnRH groups were compared by the chi-square test using the SAS program (version 9.1: SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Pregnancy rate following TAI did not differ between the PGF2α + EB (32.7%) and PGF2α + EB + GnRH groups (34.9%; P > 0.05). In conclusion, addition of GnRH for TAI protocol using PGF2α + oestradiol did not improve pregnancy rate in dairy cows.

Proteomics and transcriptomics study reveals the utility of ISGs as novel molecules for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 103148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhudatta S.K. Panda ◽  
Sunil Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Dheeraj Chaudhary ◽  
Mohanned Naif Alhussien ◽  
Rajeev Kapila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis

scholarly journals 16 A CIDR-BASED TIMED AI PROTOCOL RESULTED IN A HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME ON OVARIAN FOLLICULAR CYSTS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
I.H. Kim ◽  
U.H. Kim ◽  
H.W. Nam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
National University ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Cysts ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Follicular Cysts

Ovarian follicular cysts are a major reproductive failure in lactating dairy cows, prolonging the calving-to-conception interval and resulting in great economic loss. Treatment with GnRH is currently the most common therapy used for ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cows, but definitive results remain inconclusive. Recently, the Ovsynch protocol has been introduced as a therapeutic strategy for ovarian cysts in dairy cows (Bartolome et al. 2000 Theriogenology 53, 815–825). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a CIDR-based timed AI (TAI) protocol on ovarian follicular cysts in lactating Holstein cows. Lactating Holstein cows with ovarian follicular cysts were randomly assigned to two treatments: (1) insertion of a CIDR intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR™, InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand) with an injection of 100 μg GnRH (Conceral®, Dongbang Co., Seoul, Korea) on Day 0, an injection of PGF2α (Lutalyse®, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Puurs, Belgium) and removal of the device on Day 7, an injection of GnRH on Day 9, and TAI 16 h after the GnRH injection (CIDR+GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH group, n = 30); and (2) an injection of 100 μg GnRH on Day 0, and AI at estrus (AIE) within 2 months after treatment with GnRH (GnRH group, n = 72). Day 0 was the day of initiation of the experiment. Pregnancy diagnosis was determined at 60 days after AI using both ultrasonography and rectal palpation. Pregnancy rates between groups were compared by chi-square analysis. Treatment-to-conception interval for cows that conceived by 150 days post-treatment was compared by Student's t-test. The pregnancy rate after TAI following the CIDR+GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH protocol (46.7%) was higher (P < 0.05) than that after AIE following GnRH injection (25.0%). The treatment-to-conception interval (mean ± SEM) was shorter (P < 0.01) in the CIDR+GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH group (46 ± 12 days) than in the GnRH group (88 ± 10 days), representing 21.9% more cows being pregnant by 150 days after treatment. These results indicate that the CIDR-based TAI protocol can be used as an efficient therapeutic tool for ovarian follicular cysts in lactating dairy cows. Follicular dynamics and endocrine changes during the CIDR+GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH protocol is being determined to clarify the beneficial outcome in this study. This work was supported by a Chungbuk National University Grant in 2004.

235 FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING ESTRADIOL PLUS PROGESTERONE AT A GROWING OR A STATIC PHASE OF THE DOMINANT FOLLICLE IN CIDR-TREATED, LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
U. H. Kim ◽  
G. H. Suh ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Static Phase

Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB), compared to GnRH, in a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed AI protocol induced relatively asynchronous follicular wave emergence, resulting in ovulation of smaller ovulating follicles (Kim et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 260-268). In this study, we compared new follicular wave emergence and development following treatment with EB (2 mg) plus progesterone (50 mg) at a growing (Day 3 after ovulation) or a static (Day 8) phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows. Previously synchronized, lactating dairy cows received CIDRs (InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand; Day 0) 3 days after ovulation and were assigned to two treatment groups and a control group. Cows in the T1 group (n = 11) received 2 mg EB (SY Esrone; Samyang, Seoul, Korea) and 50 mg P4 (SY Ovaron; Samyang) i.m., and those in the control group (n = 10) received no treatment at that time. Other previously synchronized cows received a CIDR (Day 0) with injections of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 i.m. 8 days after ovulation (T2 group, n = 10). Thereafter, all cows received PGF2� (Lutalyse; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Puurs, Belgium) at the time of CIDR removal on Day 7, and GnRH (Conceral; Dongbang Co., Seoul, Korea) on Day 9. Ovaries of each cow were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer; Medison Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea) every 24 h from Days 0 to 9, on Day 11, and on Day 14 of treatment to observe changes in ovarian structures (follicles and corpora lutea (CL)). Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and ANOVA using an SAS program (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Follicular wave emergence occurred within 7 days in 3/10 of the control group, 9/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P < 0.05). The interval to wave emergence did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups (3.7 � 1.2, 4.8 � 0.5, 5.9 � 0.3 days, respectively). While the diameters of dominant follicles on Day 0 were greater (P < 0.01) in the T2 group (14.3 � 1.2 mm) than in the control (9.4 � 0.6 mm) and T1 (10.5 � 0.7 mm) group, diameters of preovulatory follicles on Day 9 were significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the T1 (13.6 � 0.7 mm) and T2 (12.3 � 0.5 mm) groups than in the control group (16.4 � 0.8 mm). Synchronized ovulation by 40 h after the GnRH injection (Day 11) occurred in 10/10 of the control group, 10/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, administration of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 at both a growing and a static phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave results in synchronous follicular wave emergence and development and also synchronized ovulation in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows.

Early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows using circulating nucleic acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mayer ◽  
Jan T. Soller ◽  
Julia Beck ◽  
Vanessa Purwins ◽  
Wilhelm Wemheuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Circulating Nucleic Acids

scholarly journals Duplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction of ISG15 and RSAD2 Increases Accuracy of Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-401
Author(s):  
Lei Cheng ◽  
Min Xiang ◽  
Xiuzhong Hu ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Oligoadenylate Synthetase ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractEarly diagnosis of pregnancy is important in livestock production, but there is no reliable technology used for pregnancy diagnosis within the first three weeks after insemination. During early pregnancy, the expression of interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) is significantly increased. However, due to different strains, detection sample types, detection methods, threshold value, etc. the specific effectiveness of early pregnancy diagnosis using ISGs is worth further study. The purpose of this study was to test interferon-stimulated protein 15 (ISG15), 2'–5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows. The expression of ISG15, OAS1, and RSAD2 in PBL of pregnant and non-pregnant heifers on days 0, 14, 18, 21 and 28 after artificial insemination (AI) was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sensitivity and specificity of the pregnancy diagnosis was analyzed using expression of these three genes separately or in combination by receiver operating characteristic curve. The combination with the highest accuracy used probe primers and duplex fluorescence quantitative PCR. The single quantitative PCR results showed that expression of ISG15, OAS1 and RSAD2 on day 18 after AI was significantly higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant cows. When these three genes were used separately, or in combination, for early pregnancy diagnosis, the sensitivity for the RSAD2 gene was 100%, and the combination of ISG15 with RSAD2 was 94.7%. The duplex quantitative PCR showed that, although the sensitivity of ISG15 alone was 100%, its specificity was only 88.2% (cut-off value 1.402). The sensitivity of RSAD2 alone was 89.5%, and the specificity was 88.2%; however, when the two genes were used in combination, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic cut-off value were consistent with the results of single quantitative PCR. These results indicated that a duplex quantitative PCR assay system for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows using ISG15 and RSAD2 was established. Simultaneous detection of expression of ISG15 and RSAD2 by duplex quantitative PCR can effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy for dairy cows.

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