Seasonal variation in infectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to plant response to applied phosphorus

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bolan ◽  
LK Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The effect of applied phosphorus on the growth of subterranean clover was studied in a virgin forest soil sample collected in summer and again in spring. The soil sample was used soon after it was collected. The shape of the response curve for plant growth differed greatly in the two experiments. This may be related to the presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in plants grown in the soil sample collected in summer and its absence in the soil sample collected in spring.

Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus Uptake of Chickpea Grown in Northern Syria

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Weber ◽  
Eckhard George ◽  
Douglas P. Beck ◽  
Mohan C. Saxena ◽  
Horst Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

SUMMARYInoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) improved growth of chick-pea (Cicer arielinum L.) and doubled phosphorus (P) uptake at low and intermediate levels of P fertilization in a pot experiment on sterilized low-P calcareous soil. In field experiments at Tel Hadya, northern Syria, growth, shoot P concentration and seed yield of spring-sown chickpea remained unaffected by inoculation with VAMF or by P fertilization. The mycorrhizal infection of chickpea was high (approximately 75% of root length mycorrhizal at the flowering stage) irrespective of inoculation with VAMF or P fertilization and may ensure efficient P uptake under field conditions.

Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Festuca in the western United States and Canada

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 1691-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph J. Molina ◽  
James M. Trappe ◽  
Gerald S. Strickler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Festuca Idahoensis

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and associated mycorrhizal fungi were examined for Festuca viridula, Festuca idahoensis, Festuca scabrella, Festuca thurberi, Festuca ovina, and Festuca arizonica occurring in Festuca-dominated grasslands in the western United States and Canada. All plants were mycorrhizal. Nearly all had mycorrhizal infection in 75% or more of their fine root length. Although levels of infection were consistently high, spore numbers were generally low. No differences in the degree of infection between Festuca species or habitats were observed.Eleven mycorrhizal fungi were identified and ranked by decreasing frequency as follows: Glomus fasciculatus, Glomus tenuis, Gigaspora calospora, Acaulospora laevis, Glomus macrocarpus var. macrocarpus, Glomus microcarpus, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus mosseae, Glomus macrocarpus var. geosporus, Sclerocystis rubiformis, and an unidentified Acaulospora species. It was common to find two or more species infecting an individual plant. The mean number of fungal associates per community site ranged from 2.7 species for F. idahoensis to 5.0 species for F. arizonica. We found no evidence for specificity of any of the mycorrhizal fungi for any particular Festuca host.

Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in first, second and third cereal crops

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Buwalda ◽  
D. P. Stribley ◽  
P. B. Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

SUMMARYThe effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae(Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed.Fumigation severely reduced natural levels of infection, and slightly reduced yield of above-ground dry matter in both years. In 1981 a decrease in grain yield of about 25% was accompanied by an increase in growth of straw. Plants on fumigated plots contained appreciable amounts of bromine in shoot tissue.Inoculation increased and added P decreased infection in all treatments. In 1980 inoculation had little effect on above-ground dry matter, but it increased concentration of P in shoots especially on plots without added P. In 1981 added inoculum increased yield of grain on fumigated plots by about 0·75 t/ha at all levels of added P, but had little effect on non-fumigated plots, though responses in grain production to added P were similar with and without fumigation. Increases in yield resulting from inoculation were generally accompanied by increases in concentration of P in plant tissue.Winter barley was sown on the plots after their use for spring wheat, without further application of the fumigation, inoculation or phosphorus treatments used in those experiments, to determine any residual effects on mycorrhizal infection and on growth. The levels of mycorrhizal infection on non-fumigated, inoculated plots were relatively constant in successive crops, although numbers of propagules of mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly with time for all treatments. Infection levels on fumigated and non-inoculated plots increased in successive crops, so that the relative effects of fumigation and of inoculation declined with time.The effects of inoculation on infection levels persisted for longer than those on yields, suggesting that maximum effects of mycorrhizal infection on growth did not require the maximum levels of infection found in the roots. Harvest yields continued to respond to applied phosphorus even when uniformly high levels of infection had been established, suggesting that the ability of the root system to absorb phosphate was not greatly increased by mycorrhizal infection.

Colonization rates and growth responses of soybean plants infected by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (17) ◽  
pp. 1769-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Carling ◽  
M. F. Brown ◽  
R. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Soybean Plants

The interactions between soybean plants and two species of mycorrhizal fungi were examined. The number of infection units in young seedlings was found to increase in the presence of increasing quantities of Glomus fasciculatus inoculum, until a maximum was reached. Soybean seedlings remained free of mycorrhizal infection during early stages of development. First infection units appeared 10–12 days after planting which was also the approximate time that rhizobium root nodules and tertiary roots were first observed. The response to colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was evident as early as 6 weeks after planting.

Infectivity and effectiveness of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effect of inoculum type

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Inoculum Type

Plants, inoculated with four vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Glomus fasciculatus, G. monospovus and two isolates of Acaulospova laevis), were grown from 4 to 16 weeks, and the development of infection and spores was followed. Infected roots from pot cultures of different ages were used to examine the effect of mycorrhiza development on the infectivity of each fungus. The effectiveness of each fungus was assessed by measuring its ability to increase the growth of subterranean clover on a phosphate-deficient soil. For all fungi, the percentage of root length infected increased rapidly up to 10 weeks after sowing, and thereafter it either increased only slightly or decreased. Infectivity of root inocula increased with increasing percentage of root length infected in the inoculum for all fungi, except where large numbers of mature spores (24/g infected root) had been produced by one isolate of A. laevis. The infectivity of inoculum roots from pots containing mature spores of this isolate declined rapidly, although it was not decreased by the onset of sporulation by A. laevis. For all fungi, irrespective of the inoculum used, the fresh weight of tops of subterranean clover grown on a phosphate-deficient soil was very closely correlated with the percentage of its root length infected at an early stage of plant growth. That is, the effectiveness of the species of fungi examined at increasing phosphorus uptake into plants was related to the infectivity of the inoculum used.

Introduction of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into agricultural soils

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
IR Hall
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi

Two species of vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi were introduced into agricultural soils at four field sites. Three sites were chosen, on the basis of a previous survey, to give a range in the expected extent and rate of mycorrhizal formation by the indigenous fungi. The fourth site had recently been cleared of natural vegetation and ploughed. The success of inoculation with Glomus fasciculatum and G. monosporum was measured by estimating the extent of mycorrhizas formed by the inoculant fungi and by recording growth of subterranean clover. The effects of inoculating with these two mycorrhizal fungi on the development of mycorrhizas formed by the indigenous fungi were also followed in detail. At two sites, infection by G. fasciculatum was increased in the plots where this species was added in the inoculum. Growth was temporarily enhanced after inoculation with G. fasciculatum at one of these sites. This corresponded with a temporary increase in the percentage of root length infected as a result of inoculation. Plants grown at the two sites where G. fasciculatum became established had a slower rate of development of infection by the indigenous VA mycorrhizal fungi compared with that formed by the indigenous species at the other two sites.

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