The estimated store of soluble salts in the Lake Eyre catchment in Queensland and their possible transport in streamflow to the lake

Soil Research ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Gunn ◽  
PM Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Landscape Model ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Approximation Estimate ◽  
Flood Flows

Analytical data from 145 samples of deeply weathered and unweathered rocks and 35 soil samples form the basis for a first approximation estimate of the store of soluble salts in the Lake Eyre catchment covering about 500 x 103 km2 in Queensland. A simple landscape model is defined to estimate the spatial distribution of the soluble chemical constituents of the various rocks and soils. The estimated quantities of soluble sodium and chloride in the catchment are 14x 109 and 25 x 109 tonnes respectively. Some weathered rocks also contain appreciable nitrate and ammonium ions. Available data indicate that bicarbonate, sodium and calcium are the dominant ions in stream flood flows, whereas halite and gypsum are the dominant salts in the lake. Precipitation or reconstitution of degraded clays in the suspended load may account for the absence of carbonates in the lake. It is concluded that the weathered and unweathered Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the catchment contain large stores of soluble salts, and are the most likely sources of the bulk of the salts in the lake.

Simultaneous Determination of Several Elements by Spectrochemical Addition Method … (II) (Tabulation of Analytical Value)

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isoo Masuda ◽  
Tamon Inouye
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Dilution Factor ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Zero Order Approximation ◽  
First Approximation

An improved method for the tabulation of analytical data, obtained by addition and successive dilution procedures for spectrochemical analysis, is presented. The author's previous work shows that the solution of the first approximation diverges at some dilution factor smaller than unity when the slope of the working curve of added series is greater than that of unadded series. By obtaining the distance between this position and the origin, and taking it as a correction factor for zero-order approximation, tabulation of the analytical value, in the case of β>α, is carried out. One parameter of the calculation is deleted by normalizing the spectral intensity; therefore, the tabulation can be simplified.

scholarly journals Adjustment of the Analytical Data of Chemical Constituents of Tea Leaf by its Maturity and Optimal Sample Size

1956 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Hideichi TORII ◽  
Isao OTA ◽  
Jun KANAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Optimal Sample Size ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Tea Leaf

The nature and possible origins of soluble salts in deeply weathered landscapes of eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Gunn ◽  
DP Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Sea Salts ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Hydrologic Conditions

Extensive areas of salt-affected soils in eastern Australia occur on the exposed lower zones of lateritic profiles or in derived materials. Analyses of 96 samples of mottled and pallid zones collected in this study show that they generally contain appreciable soluble salts, predominantly sodium chloride, particularly where they developed in argillaceous sedimentary rocks which underlie about two-thirds of the area, and in some granitic rocks. Analyses of 96 samples of unweathered rocks indicate that some contain moderate to appreciable quantities of sodium and chloride, and it is suggested that these and other soluble ions accumulated in the lower zones as a result of deep weathering in the Mid-Tertiary. Atmospheric accessions of sea salts in rain or dry fallout at present rates account partly for the occurrence of salt-affected soil landscapes in some coastal areas but are unlikely sources of salts far inland. Soils formed in situ on weathered basalt, argillaceous sedimentary and granitic rocks which have been exposed at the surface since the Late Tertiary are not salt-affected, because climatic, topographic and hydrologic conditions are different from those of the Mid-Tertiary and only small volumes of rock are involved.

Determination of soil organic carbon and nitrogen at the field level using near-infrared spectroscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Martin ◽  
D F Malley ◽  
G. Manning ◽  
L. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

This study explored the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the rapid analysis of organic C (Corg) and organic N (Norg) in the A horizon of soil within a single field. Soil was sampled throughout a field in Manitoba, Canada to capture soil variability associated with topography. The soil samples were oven-dried and treated with acid to remove carbonates, after which C and N were determined by dry combustion. In this study, portions of the dried soil samples not treated with acid were scanned with a near-infrared scanning spectrophotometer between 1100 and 2500 nm. Correlating the spectral and the chemical analytical data using multiple linear regression or principal component analysis/partial least squares regression gave useful correlations for Corg. Over the range of 0–40 mg g-1 Corg, NIR-predicted values explained 75–78% of the variance in the chemical results. Results were improved to 80% for calibrations developed for the 0–20 mg g-1 organic C range. Useful results were not obtained for Norg although the literature shows that total N in soil is predictable using NIRS. It is likely that the acid treatment altered the composition of the samples in an inconsistent manner such that the chemically analyzed samples and those scanned by NIRS were different from each other in Norg concentration or composition. Extrapolation of these Corg results to the landscape scale implies that NIRS has potential to be a suitable method for mapping C for the purposes of monitoring C sequestration. Key words: Near-infrared spectroscopy, soil, carbon, nitrogen, topography, soil monitoring

The Evolution of the Criffell-Dalbeattie Quartz-diorite: A Study of Granitization

1938 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Quartz Diorite ◽  
Magmatic Fluid ◽  
Igneous Complex

The transformation of sedimentary rocks to a rock of quartz-diorite aspect and mineralogy by a process of granitization, characterized by the introduction of an alkali-felspar magmatic fluid, has recently been described by the writer from the western end of the Criffell-Dalbeattie igneous complex (1937, pp. 471–7).1 In the present paper the geochemistry of this process is considered in the light of supplementary analytical data.

scholarly journals Effect of decreasing acidity on the extractability of inorganic soil phosphorus

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Soil P

The extractability of P by the water and anion exchange resin methods and reactions of soil inorganic P were investigated with seven acid mineral soil samples incubated with KOH solutions of various concentrations. The results were compared with the analytical data obtained from three soil samples incubated in a prolonged liming experiment. The resin extraction method proved more effective than the water extraction method. The amounts of P desorbed by both methods seemed to increase exponentially as the pH in the soil suspensions rose. The factors involved were discussed. On the basis of fractionation analyses P reacting to changes in the pH and participating in desorption processes was supposed to originate from secondary NH4F and NaOH soluble reserves. In general, as the acidity decreased NH4F-P increased at the expense of NaOH-P. In heavily limed gyttja soil also H2SO4-P increased. This was possibly induced by the precipitation of mobilized P as a Ca compound. The significance of pH in the extractability of soil P seemed somewhat to lessen as the amount of secondary P increased. The results were in accordance with the conception that liming improves the availability of inorganic P to plants and reduces the need for P fertilization. However, increasing of the soil pH involves the risk that P is more easily desorbed to the recipient water by the eroded soil material carried into the watercourse. Therefore, intensive liming is not recommendable close to the shoreline. Further, it should be taken into account that liming of lakes may also result in eutrophication as desorption of sedimentary inorganic P is enhanced.

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