Genome structure and metabolic features in the red seaweed Chondrus crispus shed light on evolution of the Archaeplastida

Abstract The stability of the structure of bacterial genomes is challenged by recombination events. Since major rearrangements (i.e., inversions) are thought to frequently operate by homologous recombination between inverted repeats, we analyzed the presence and distribution of such repeats in bacterial genomes and their relation to the conservation of chromosomal structure. First, we show that there is a strong underrepresentation of inverted repeats, relative to direct repeats, in most chromosomes, especially among the ones regarded as most stable. Second, we show that the avoidance of repeats is frequently associated with the stability of the genomes. Closely related genomes reported to differ in terms of stability are also found to differ in the number of inverted repeats. Third, when using replication strand bias as a proxy for genome stability, we find a significant negative correlation between this strand bias and the abundance of inverted repeats. Fourth, when measuring the recombining potential of inverted repeats and their eventual impact on different features of the chromosomal structure, we observe a tendency of repeats to be located in the chromosome in such a way that rearrangements produce a smaller strand switch and smaller asymmetries than expected by chance. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our analysis and the influence of factors such as the nature of repeats, e.g., transposases, or the differences in the recombination machinery among bacteria. These results shed light on the challenges imposed on the genome structure by the presence of inverted repeats.

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The effect of Red Seaweed (Chondrus crispus) on the fertility of male albino rats

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.059 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nehad M. Ibrahim ◽

Shimaa R. Ibrahim ◽

Osama H. Ashour ◽

Tharwat G. Abdel-Kader ◽

Monaser M. Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Albino Rats ◽

Red Seaweed ◽

Chondrus Crispus

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An evaluation of edible red seaweed (Chondrus crispus) components and their modification during the cooking process

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2013.08.006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A.L. Pina ◽

A.R. Costa ◽

M.A. Lage-Yusty ◽

J. López-Hernández

Keyword(s):

Red Seaweed ◽

Chondrus Crispus ◽

Cooking Process

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Apoplastic oxidation of L-asparagine is involved in the control of the green algal endophyte Acrochaete operculata Correa & Nielsen by the red seaweed Chondrus crispus Stackhouse

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eri132 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 56 (415) ◽

pp. 1317-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Florian Weinberger ◽

Georg Pohnert ◽

Mary-Lynn Berndt ◽

Kamal Bouarab ◽

Bernard Kloareg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Seaweed ◽

Chondrus Crispus ◽

Green Algal

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Components of the Cultivated Red Seaweed Chondrus crispus Enhance the Immune Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Pseudomonas aeruginosa through thepmk-1,daf-2/daf-16, andskn-1Pathways

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01927-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (23) ◽

pp. 7343-7350 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jinghua Liu ◽

Jeff Hafting ◽

Alan T. Critchley ◽

Arjun H. Banskota ◽

Balakrishnan Prithiviraj

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Red Seaweed ◽

Chondrus Crispus ◽

Content Type ◽

C Elegans ◽

Health Promoting

ABSTRACTMarine macroalgae are rich in bioactive compounds that can, when consumed, impart beneficial effects on animal and human health. The red seaweedChondrus crispushas been reported to have a wide range of health-promoting activities, such as antitumor and antiviral activities. Using aCaenorhabditis elegansinfection model, we show thatC. crispuswater extract (CCWE) enhances host immunity and suppresses the expression of quorum sensing (QS) and the virulence factors ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(strain PA14). Supplementation of nematode growth medium with CCWE induced the expression ofC. elegansinnate immune genes, such asirg-1,irg-2,F49F1.6,hsf-1,K05D8.5,F56D6.2,C29F3.7,F28D1.3,F38A1.5 ZK6.7,lys-1,spp-1, andabf-1, by more than 2-fold, whileT20G5.7was not affected. Additionally, CCWE suppressed the expression of PA14 QS genes and virulence factors, although it did not affect the growth of the bacteria. These effects correlated with a 28% reduction in the PA14-inflicted killing ofC. elegans. Kappa-carrageenan (K-CGN), a major component of CCWE, was shown to play an important role in the enhancement of host immunity. UsingC. elegansmutants, we identified thatpmk-1,daf-2/daf-16, andskn-1are essential in the K-CGN-induced host immune response. In view of the conservation of innate immune pathways betweenC. elegansand humans, the results of this study suggest that water-soluble components ofC. crispusmay also play a health-promoting role in higher animals and humans.

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