scholarly journals Tangential migration of neuronal precursors of glutamatergic neurons in the adult mammalian brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (30) ◽  
pp. 9484-9489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Sun ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Ryan P. Stadel ◽  
Jonathan Moss ◽  
Jing Hui A. Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Gabaergic Interneuron ◽  
Granule Neurons ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons ◽  
Tangential Migration ◽  
Neuronal Precursors ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

In a classic model of mammalian brain formation, precursors of principal glutamatergic neurons migrate radially along radial glia fibers whereas GABAergic interneuron precursors migrate tangentially. These migration modes have significant implications for brain function. Here we used clonal lineage tracing of active radial glia-like neural stem cells in the adult mouse dentate gyrus and made the surprising discovery that proliferating neuronal precursors of glutamatergic granule neurons exhibit significant tangential migration along blood vessels, followed by limited radial migration. Genetic birthdating and morphological and molecular analyses pinpointed the neuroblast stage as the main developmental window when tangential migration occurs. We also developed a partial “whole-mount” dentate gyrus preparation and observed a dense plexus of capillaries, with which only neuroblasts, among the entire population of progenitors, are directly associated. Together, these results provide insight into neuronal migration in the adult mammalian nervous system.

Abstract WMP42: Remote Ischemic Stroke Decreases Quiescence and Increases Neurogenic Activation of Radial Glia-like Precursors in the Subgranular Zone of the Dentate Gyrus in Adult Mice

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogachan Sahin ◽  
Michael A Bonaguidi ◽  
Steven R Zeiler ◽  
Hongjun Song
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Subgranular Zone ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Adult neurogenesis occurs in two discrete neurogenic niches in the mammalian brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation. Under physiologic conditions, neurogenesis in these regions is thought to be important for the maintenance and reorganization of interneurons in the olfactory bulb (SVZ), and the modulation and refinement of existing circuits in the dentate gyrus (SGZ). In rodents, stroke enhances neurogenesis in these regions, and stroke-induced neurogenesis appears to play a role in functional recovery. However, little is known about the behavior of quiescent vs. activated pools of neural stem cells in response to stroke, or the mechanisms of stroke-induced neurogenesis at the cellular level. Here we tested the hypothesis that stroke-induced neurogenesis involves the activation of quiescent stem cell pools, either alone or in combination with further differentiation of activated precursors. We used a genetic labeling strategy for in vivo lineage tracing of quiescent, nestin-expressing radial glia-like (RGL) precursors in the SGZ to elucidate the effect of remote focal ischemic infarction on RGLs at a clonal level. Unilateral infarction of the visual cortex by photothrombosis in transgenic mice caused an increase in the number of differentiated neuronal precursors and a decrease in the number of quiescent RGLs in the ipsilateral SGZ. Furthermore, among activated RGL clones, there was an increase in symmetric and neurogenic RGL divisions in response to stroke, with a concomitant loss of astrogliogenic RGL divisions. These preliminary results suggest that stroke may alter hippocampal neurogenesis from a distance by activating quiescent RGL pools in the SGZ through an as-of-yet unidentified mechanism and pushing them toward a neuronal fate. In turn, this may accelerate the time-dependent depletion of this RGL population. We speculate that this phenomenon contributes to cognitive changes associated with stroke and may represent a target for pharmacological intervention.

Disabled-1 acts downstream of Reelin in a signaling pathway that controls laminar organization in the mammalian brain

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (18) ◽  
pp. 3719-3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Rice ◽  
M. Sheldon ◽  
G. D'Arcangelo ◽  
K. Nakajima ◽  
D. Goldowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Granule Neurons ◽  
Adapter Protein ◽  
Cell Position ◽  
Neuronal Precursors ◽  
Retzius Cells

Mutation of either reelin (Reln) or disabled-1 (Dab1) results in widespread abnormalities in laminar structures throughout the brain and ataxia in reeler and scrambler mice. Both exhibit the same neuroanatomical defects, including cerebellar hypoplasia with Purkinje cell ectopia and disruption of neuronal layers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Despite these phenotypic similarities, Reln and Dab1 have distinct molecular properties. Reln is a large extracellular protein secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells in the forebrain and by granule neurons in the cerebellum. In contrast, Dab1 is a cytoplasmic protein which has properties of an adapter protein that functions in phosphorylation-dependent intracellular signal transduction. Here, we show that Dab1 participates in the same developmental process as Reln. In scrambler mice, neuronal precursors are unable to invade the preplate of the cerebral cortex and consequently, they do not align within the cortical plate. During development, cells expressing Dab1 are located next to those secreting Reln at critical stages of formation of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus, before the first abnormalities in cell position become apparent in either reeler or scrambler. In reeler, the major populations of displaced neurons contain elevated levels of Dab1 protein, although they express normal levels of Dab1 mRNA. This suggests that Dab1 accumulates in the absence of a Reln-evoked signal. Taken together, these results indicate that Dab1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway that controls cell positioning in the developing brain.

scholarly journals Lineage tracing reveals the hierarchical relationship between neural stem cell populations in the mouse forebrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sachewsky ◽  
Wenjun Xu ◽  
Tobias Fuehrmann ◽  
Derek van der Kooy ◽  
Cindi M. Morshead
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Populations ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

AbstractSince the original isolation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain, further work has revealed a heterogeneity in the NSC pool. Our previous work characterized a distinct, Oct4 expressing, NSC population in the periventricular region, through development and into adulthood. We hypothesized that this population is upstream in lineage to the more abundant, well documented, GFAP expressing NSC. Herein, we show that Oct4 expressing NSCs give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes throughout the developing brain. Further, transgenic inducible mouse models demonstrate that the rare Oct4 expressing NSCs undergo asymmetric divisions to give rise to GFAP expressing NSCs in naïve and injured brains. This lineage relationship between distinct NSC pools contributes significantly to an understanding of neural development, the NSC lineage in vivo and has implications for neural repair.

Hypothalamic regulation of regionally distinct adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 356 (6345) ◽  
pp. 1383-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Paul ◽  
Zayna Chaker ◽  
Fiona Doetsch
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Granule Neurons ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in specialized niches in the adult mammalian brain generate neurons throughout life. NSCs in the adult mouse ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) exhibit a regional identity and, depending on their location, generate distinct olfactory bulb interneuron subtypes. Here, we show that the hypothalamus, a brain area regulating physiological states, provides long-range regionalized input to the V-SVZ niche and can regulate specific NSC subpopulations. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons selectively innervate the anterior ventral V-SVZ and promote the proliferation of Nkx2.1+ NSCs and the generation of deep granule neurons. Accordingly, hunger and satiety regulate adult neurogenesis by modulating the activity of this hypothalamic–V-SVZ connection. Our findings reveal that neural circuitry, via mosaic innervation of the V-SVZ, can recruit distinct NSC pools, allowing on-demand neurogenesis in response to physiology and environmental signals.

scholarly journals In utero fate mapping reveals distinct migratory pathways and fates of neurons born in the mammalian basal forebrain

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (19) ◽  
pp. 3759-3771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hynek Wichterle ◽  
Daniel H. Turnbull ◽  
Susana Nery ◽  
Gord Fishell ◽  
Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Keyword(s):  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Medium Spiny Neurons ◽  
Granule Neurons ◽  
Tangential Migration ◽  
Spiny Neurons ◽  
Developing Neocortex

Recent studies suggest that neurons born in the developing basal forebrain migrate long distances perpendicularly to radial glia and that many of these cells reach the developing neocortex. This form of tangential migration, however, has not been demonstrated in vivo, and the sites of origin, pathways of migration and final destinations of these neurons in the postnatal brain are not fully understood. Using ultrasound-guided transplantation in utero, we have mapped the migratory pathways and fates of cells born in the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences (LGE and MGE) in 13.5-day-old mouse embryos. We demonstrate that LGE and MGE cells migrate along different routes to populate distinct regions in the developing brain. We show that LGE cells migrate ventrally and anteriorly, and give rise to the projecting medium spiny neurons in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, and to granule and periglomerular cells in the olfactory bulb. By contrast, we show that the MGE is a major source of neurons migrating dorsally and invading the developing neocortex. MGE cells migrate into the neocortex via the neocortical subventricular zone and differentiate into the transient subpial granule neurons in the marginal zone and into a stable population of GABA-, parvalbumin- or somatostatin-expressing interneurons throughout the cortical plate.

Early proliferative response of radial glia-like progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus following focal ischemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kunze ◽  
S Grass ◽  
O.W Witte ◽  
G Kempermann ◽  
C Redecker
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Focal Ischemia

Postnatal Development of the Hippocampus in Male Albino Rats: A Histomorphometric Study

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A A A Baraka ◽  
K A Hafez ◽  
A I A Othman ◽  
A M M Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ammon's Horn ◽  
Hippocampus Proper ◽  
Ammon’S Horn

Abstract Introduction In recent year deterioration in cognitive, learning, and memory become one of the significant problems in human life. Hippocampus is a pivotal part of the brain’s limbic system which serves a critical role in memory, learning process and regulating the emotions. In most regions of the brain, neurons are generated only at specific periods of early development, and not born in the adulthood. In contrast, hippocampal neurons are generated throughout development and adult life. The hippocampal dentate gyrus was reported to be one of the few regions of the mammalian brain where neurogenesis continue to occur throughout adulthood. The neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was thought to play an important role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. The hippocampal formation is composed of the hippocampus proper, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum. The hippocampus proper is the largest part and is subdivided into fields designated as Cornu Ammonis or Ammon’s horn (CA) from CA1 to CA4. Ammon's horn is continuous with the subiculum, which acts as the main output source of the hippocampal formation. Aim of the Study To study the postnatal development of the hippocampal formation. Materials and Methods Five male albino rats from the following postnatal ages day 1, week 1, week 2, week3 and week 4 were studied by histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric methods. Results The general architecture of the hippocampus proper with its polymorphic, pyramidal, and molecular layers was present at day1, whereas the details of the adult structure appeared at week 2. In the dentate gyrus, distinct lamination appeared at week 1 and its maturation continued with the production of neurons at the interhilar zone that peaked at week 2. The number and density of pyramidal axons and dendrites increase by age. Astrocytes increased in size and staining affinity for glial filaments, and acquired a stellate shape with age. Furthermore, the number of granule cell layers increased concomitantly with the increase in thickness of the molecular and polymorphic layers of both the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus. Conclusion The important sequences of events in the growth and maturation of the hippocampal formation in male albino rat occurred in the first 2 postnatal weeks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document