scholarly journals Lateral transport of soil carbon and land−atmosphere CO2 flux induced by water erosion in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (24) ◽  
pp. 6617-6622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yue ◽  
Jinren Ni ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Shilong Piao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Lateral Transport ◽  
Mountainous Regions

Soil erosion by water impacts soil organic carbon stocks and alters CO2 fluxes exchanged with the atmosphere. The role of erosion as a net sink or source of atmospheric CO2 remains highly debated, and little information is available at scales larger than small catchments or regions. This study attempts to quantify the lateral transport of soil carbon and consequent land−atmosphere CO2 fluxes at the scale of China, where severe erosion has occurred for several decades. Based on the distribution of soil erosion rates derived from detailed national surveys and soil carbon inventories, here we show that water erosion in China displaced 180 ± 80 Mt C⋅y−1 of soil organic carbon during the last two decades, and this resulted a net land sink for atmospheric CO2 of 45 ± 25 Mt C⋅y−1, equivalent to 8–37% of the terrestrial carbon sink previously assessed in China. Interestingly, the “hotspots,” largely distributed in mountainous regions in the most intensive sink areas (>40 g C⋅m−2⋅y−1), occupy only 1.5% of the total area suffering water erosion, but contribute 19.3% to the national erosion-induced CO2 sink. The erosion-induced CO2 sink underwent a remarkable reduction of about 16% from the middle 1990s to the early 2010s, due to diminishing erosion after the implementation of large-scale soil conservation programs. These findings demonstrate the necessity of including erosion-induced CO2 in the terrestrial budget, hence reducing the level of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Leaching is the dominant route for soil organic carbon lateral transport under crop straw addition on sloping croplands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Keke ◽  
Zhu Bo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Lateral Transport ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Crop Straw

Few field data sets are available that systematically measure soil organic carbon (SOC) transport via surface runoff, leaching and soil erosion under crop straw applications. Therefore, organic carbon (C) loss fluxes via the three routes were simultaneously observed from 2010 to 2012 based on a crop straw addition experiment. This study included three treatments: CK (no fertilizer); RSD (crop straw addition) and RSDNPK (crop straw addition combined with mineral fertilizers). As compared with CK treatment, annual dissolved organic C (DOC) loss caused by surface runoff under RSD and RSDNPK treatments decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) by 302.8% and 294.2%. Similarly, corresponding organic C loss caused by soil erosion reduced sharply by 638.8% and 1227.3%. In contrast, corresponding annual DOC leaching fluxes increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) by 133.3% and 109.3%. Overall, the total fluxes of SOC transport under RSD and RSDNPK treatments decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) by 132.3% and 184.1% compared with CK treatment (4975.7 ± 1207.8 mg/m<sup>2</sup>). DOC leaching accounted for 70% and 77% of SOC transport under RSD and RSDNPK treatments. These results clearly show that leaching is the dominant route of SOC lateral transport under crop straw applications. Therefore, reduced DOC leaching is the crucial link to enhance SOC sequestration when crop straw is returned to sloping croplands.

Soil carbon sequestration due to post‐Soviet cropland abandonment: estimates from a large‐scale soil organic carbon field inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3729-3741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim‐Martin Wertebach ◽  
Norbert Hölzel ◽  
Immo Kämpf ◽  
Andrey Yurtaev ◽  
Sergey Tupitsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Cropland Abandonment

scholarly journals Long-term Fertilization Enhances Soil Carbon Stability by Increase the Ratio of Passive Carbon: Evidence From Four Typical Croplands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Shilin Wen ◽  
Yunlong Zhang ◽  
Andrew S. Gregory ◽  
Minggang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Response Ratio ◽  
Soil Carbon Accumulation ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in improving soil quality, however how long-term fertilization influences SOC and contrasting active carbon (AC) and passive C (PC) pools at large scale remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of long-term fertilization on SOC, including AC and PC, across four typical croplands in China and to explore the potential relationships and mechanism. Methods We assessed the effect of different fertilization (standard and 1.5 × standard of inorganic fertilizer (NPK) with or without manure (M), with a control for comparison) at soil depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm) on SOC, AC and PC. Results We found that SOC, AC and PC increased in the order Control < NPK < NPKM < 1.5NPKM. 1.5NPKM resulted in a significant increase in SOC, AC and PC, of 76.3%, 53.0% and 108.5% respectively across the soil profile (0-60 cm) compared with Control. The response ratio of PC to long-term fertilization was 2.1 times greater than that of AC across four sites on average. In addition, Clay was identified as the most important factor in explaining the response of AC and PC to different fertilization application, respectively. Conclusions Long-term fertilization enhanced both AC and PC, but the greater response of PC suggests that fertilization application could enhance the stability of carbon and thus the potential of cropland for soil carbon accumulation.

Soil organic carbon losses by water erosion in a Mediterranean watershed

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cilek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
The Mediterranean

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the primary elements required in the functioning of ecosystems. Soil erosion, a major mechanism of land degradation, removes SOC and transfers it to the hydrosphere or the atmosphere, thereby affecting key ecosystem functions and services. The Mediterranean region is highly susceptible to land degradation because of erosion due to heavy rains following long, dry, hot summers. Although the Mediterranean landscape typically has a high altitude and incline, the soil is brittle and soft and is easily washed away by rain. Thus, vast regions in Turkey have been afflicted by this type of soil degradation. This study aimed to (1) estimate the temporal distribution of water erosion in the Seyhan River Basin, (2) assess the spatial distribution of SOC and (3) estimate the depletion of SOC through soil erosion using the Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment model, a physically based, regionally scaled soil erosion model. The annual amount of soil eroded from the Seyhan River Basin is estimated to be 7.8million tonnes per hectare (tha–1year–1). The amount of fertile soil loss from agricultural areas is ~1.2million tonnes per year. The maximum amount of soil erosion occurs in maintenance scrubland and degraded forest areas, contributing to 68% of erosion, followed by that in agricultural land, contributing to 27% of erosion, with the remaining in forests and urban areas.

scholarly journals Lateral transport of SOC induced by water erosion in a Spanish agroecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Gaspar ◽  
Lionel Mabit ◽  
Ivan Lizaga ◽  
Ana Navas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Depositional Processes

&lt;p&gt;The main route for the lateral movement of soil organic carbon (SOC) is water erosion. Awareness of the distribution and magnitude of land carbon mobilization is important both for improving models of the carbon cycle and for management practices aimed to preserve carbon stocks and enhance carbon sinks. There is a need to consider the global significance of soil erosion from soil organic carbon cycling schemes and for this reason, the movement of SOC during erosion processes should be elucidated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study aims to estimate the SOC redistribution induced by water erosion during a 40 years period in an agroforestry mountain ecosystem located in northern Spain. To this purpose, topographically driven transects were selected with mixed land uses to i) assess what factors modify the runoff patterns with impact on soil and carbon redistribution and ii) evaluate the mobilization of topsoil organic carbon along the transects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lateral movement of SOC shows similar spatial patterns with that of soil erosion. To identify whether erosional or depositional processes have been predominant in the sampling sites we used &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs inventories and the characterization of terrain attributes of the study with a detailed analysis of the main runoff pathways. Results indicate that SOC losses were related to an increase in water flow accumulation, while the highest SOC gains were recorded at concave positions. Soil erosion processes and the content of SOC in soils are the two main factors controlling carbon budgets. The topographical and geomorphological characteristics of the transects, the spatial distribution of land uses and the presence of landscape linear elements such as terraces or paths, affect runoff and determine the sediment connectivity and carbon dynamics along the slopes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The interactions between topography and land use produce significant positive or negative effects on SOC accumulation, particularly in areas with complex topography, as the results obtained in our study sustain. Even though the effect of topography and land use/land cover and their interactions on the horizontal distributions of carbon remains largely unknown, our approach contributes to better understand the pattern of gains and losses of soil organic and inorganic carbon induced by water erosion.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Topographic Position, Land Use and Soil Management Effects on Soil Organic Carbon (Vineyard Region of Niš, Serbia)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Snežana Jakšić ◽  
Jordana Ninkov ◽  
Stanko Milić ◽  
Jovica Vasin ◽  
Milorad Živanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Topographic Position

Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is the result of a combination of various factors related to both the natural environment and anthropogenic activities. The aim of this study was to examine (i) the state of SOC in topsoil and subsoil of vineyards compared to the nearest forest, (ii) the influence of soil management on SOC, (iii) the variation in SOC content with topographic position, (iv) the intensity of soil erosion in order to estimate the leaching of SOC from upper to lower topographic positions, and (v) the significance of SOC for the reduction of soil’s susceptibility to compaction. The study area was the vineyard region of Niš, which represents a medium-sized vineyard region in Serbia. About 32% of the total land area is affected, to some degree, by soil erosion. However, according to the mean annual soil loss rate, the total area is classified as having tolerable erosion risk. Land use was shown to be an important factor that controls SOC content. The vineyards contained less SOC than forest land. The SOC content was affected by topographic position. The interactive effect of topographic position and land use on SOC was significant. The SOC of forest land was significantly higher at the upper position than at the middle and lower positions. Spatial distribution of organic carbon in vineyards was not influenced by altitude, but occurred as a consequence of different soil management practices. The deep tillage at 60–80 cm, along with application of organic amendments, showed the potential to preserve SOC in the subsoil and prevent carbon loss from the surface layer. Penetrometric resistance values indicated optimum soil compaction in the surface layer of the soil, while low permeability was observed in deeper layers. Increases in SOC content reduce soil compaction and thus the risk of erosion and landslides. Knowledge of soil carbon distribution as a function of topographic position, land use and soil management is important for sustainable production and climate change mitigation.

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