scholarly journals Land use strategies to mitigate climate change in carbon dense temperate forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (14) ◽  
pp. 3663-3668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly E. Law ◽  
Tara W. Hudiburg ◽  
Logan T. Berner ◽  
Jeffrey J. Kent ◽  
Polly C. Buotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Strategies to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions through forestry activities have been proposed, but ecosystem process-based integration of climate change, enhanced CO2, disturbance from fire, and management actions at regional scales are extremely limited. Here, we examine the relative merits of afforestation, reforestation, management changes, and harvest residue bioenergy use in the Pacific Northwest. This region represents some of the highest carbon density forests in the world, which can store carbon in trees for 800 y or more. Oregon’s net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was equivalent to 72% of total emissions in 2011–2015. By 2100, simulations show increased net carbon uptake with little change in wildfires. Reforestation, afforestation, lengthened harvest cycles on private lands, and restricting harvest on public lands increase NECB 56% by 2100, with the latter two actions contributing the most. Resultant cobenefits included water availability and biodiversity, primarily from increased forest area, age, and species diversity. Converting 127,000 ha of irrigated grass crops to native forests could decrease irrigation demand by 233 billion m3⋅y−1. Utilizing harvest residues for bioenergy production instead of leaving them in forests to decompose increased emissions in the short-term (50 y), reducing mitigation effectiveness. Increasing forest carbon on public lands reduced emissions compared with storage in wood products because the residence time is more than twice that of wood products. Hence, temperate forests with high carbon densities and lower vulnerability to mortality have substantial potential for reducing forest sector emissions. Our analysis framework provides a template for assessments in other temperate regions.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Cities to Climate Change (Best Practices Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 06011
Author(s):  
Zinaida Ivanova ◽  
Michael Eichner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Joint Programming

The authors of the article are raising current issues related to climate change and global warming. Not all the countries are responding to these processes the same way and undertake joint complex efforts to mitigate climate change impacts. The authors have analyzed the existing legislations and actions for adaptation to climate change in the EU and separate European countries. “Covenant of Mayors”, ADAPT program, Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe are considered in detail. Informational and awareness-raising work of state and educational entities is one of the main necessary actions to mitigate climate change negative impacts. The article presents the results of the opinion poll made by the European Social Survey, “Russian Public Opinion Research Center” (JSC “VCIOM”) and the investigations of German State Development Bank KfW on how citizens perceive climate change processes, their sense of personal responsibility and personal reaction. Also a brief review of educational programs of builders, urban developers and architects in European and Russian universities is added to the article. The conclusion of the authors is as such: it is necessary to intensify legislative measures for adaptation of cities to climate change, the stronger control of the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and coordinated actions in one region are needed. It is necessary to pay careful attention to climatic education of the students – future builders and urban developers.

Nutzung des geernteten Holzes – Substitution und Senkenwirkung | The use of harvested wood – substitution and sink effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hofer ◽  
Ruedi Taverna ◽  
Frank Werner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Gas Effect

The greenhouse gas effect can be mitigated by using wood in wood products and as an energy source. The effects of different wood use scenarios over more than 100 years can be demonstrated simulating associated wood flows and changes in wood stocks. The following recommendations have been developed on the basis of such models in order to optimize the contribution of the forestry and timber sector to mitigate climate change: 1) the maximum possible sustainable increment should be generated in the forest; 2) this increment should be harvested continuously; 3) the harvested wood should be processed in accordance with the principle of cascade use; 4) waste wood that is not suitable for further use should be used to generate energy.

Use of Forests and Wood Products to Mitigate Climate Change

2008 ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Valsta ◽  
B. Lippke ◽  
J. Perez-Garcia ◽  
K. Pingoud ◽  
J. Pohjola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Cost of climate change mitigation in Canada’s forest sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony C. Lemprière ◽  
Emina Krcmar ◽  
Greg J. Rampley ◽  
Alison Beatch ◽  
Carolyn E. Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minimize Costs

Managing forests and forest products has substantial potential to help mitigate climate change but the cost has not been extensively examined in Canada. We estimated the cost of seven forest-related mitigation strategies in Canada’s 230 million hectares of managed forest, divided into 32 spatial units. For each strategy and spatial unit, we determined forest sector mitigation cost per tonne (t) using estimated impacts on forest sector greenhouse gas emissions and removals and net revenue. National cost curves showed that mitigation averaged 11.0 Mt CO2e·year–1 in 2015–2050 at costs below $50·t CO2e–1 for a strategy of increased recovery of harvested biomass, increased salvage, extraction of harvest residues for bioenergy, and increased production of longer lived products. We also examined national portfolios in which the strategy selected for each spatial unit (from among the seven examined) was chosen to maximize mitigation or minimize costs. At low levels of mitigation, portfolios chosen to minimize costs were much cheaper than those that maximized mitigation, but overall, they yielded less than half the total mitigation of the latter portfolios. Choosing strategies to maximize mitigation in 2015–2050 yielded an average of 16.5 Mt·year–1 at costs below $50·t CO2e–1. Our analysis suggests that forest-related strategies may be cost-effective choices to help achieve long-term emission reductions in Canada.

scholarly journals Wood substitution potential in greenhouse gas emission reduction–review on current state and application of displacement factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Myllyviita ◽  
Sampo Soimakallio ◽  
Jáchym Judl ◽  
Jyri Seppälä
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Abstract Background Replacing non-renewable materials and energy with wood offers a potential strategy to mitigate climate change if the net emissions of ecosystem and technosystem are reduced in a considered time period. Displacement factors (DFs) describe an emission reduction for a wood-based product or fuel which is used in place of a non-wood alternative. The aims of this review were to map and assess DFs from scientific literature and to provide findings on how to harmonise practices behind them and to support coherent application. Results Most of the reviewed DFs were positive, implying decreasing fossil GHG emissions in the technosystem. The vast majority of the reviewed DFs describe avoided fossil emissions either both in processing and use of wood or only in the latter when wood processing emissions were considered separately. Some of the reviewed DFs included emissions avoided in post-use of harvested wood products (HWPs). Changes in forest and product carbon stocks were not included in DFs except in a few single cases. However, in most of the reviewed studies they were considered separately in a consistent way along with DFs. DFs for wood energy, construction and material substitution were widely available, whereas DFs for packaging products, chemicals and textiles were scarce. More than half of DFs were calculated by the authors of the reviewed articles while the rest of them were adopted from other articles. Conclusions Most of the reviewed DFs describe the avoided fossil GHG emissions. These DFs may provide insights on the wood-based products with a potential to replace emissions intensive alternatives but they do not reveal the actual climate change mitigation effects of wood use. The way DFs should be applied and interpreted depends on what has been included in them. If the aim of DFs is to describe the overall climate effects of wood use, DFs should include all the relevant GHG flows, including changes in forest and HWP carbon stock and post-use of HWPs, however, based on this literature review this is not a common practice. DFs including only fossil emissions should be applied together with a coherent assessment of changes in forest and HWP carbon stocks, as was the case in most of the reviewed studies. To increase robustness and transparency and to decrease misuse, we recommend that system boundaries and other assumptions behind DFs should be clearly documented.

scholarly journals Public-private partnerships for multifunctional sustainable land use in peri-urban areas to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change

Ecocycles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Anna Ternell ◽  
Anders M. Nilsson ◽  
Björn Ohlén ◽  
Daniel Stenholm ◽  
Dag Bergsjö
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Urban Farming ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Large Acceptance

Climate change increases the risk of damage caused by storms, insects and fungi in agriculture and forestry. Multifunctional sustainable land use, including a more diversified agriculture and forestry sector in terms of biodiversity, is one way to create resilience and meet these climate risks. For example, a forest with trees of different ages and of several species is more resistant to these risks. Multifunctional refers to how the same land can provide food and wood products, but also job creation, recreation and be a provider of ecosystem services such as pollination, erosion protection and biodiversity. Research shows that there is a large acceptance for a more varied forest sector and diversified agriculture. In recent years, urban farming has received widespread understanding on its many advantages, including a sense of belonging and meaning, other than food production. In this article the authors try to assess a scenario when these initiatives become commercial and when the urban farming trend meets traditional forms of agriculture and forestry. Furthermore, the large potential of developing public-private partnerships for multifunctional sustainable land use in peri-urban areas in the Swedish City of Gothenburg and its surrounding area is analysed, based on experiences from ongoing initiatives. Developed within the framework of Climate KIC Accelerator Project, a business model is presented allowing for a long-term sustainability of initiatives.

scholarly journals Carbon Impacts of Engineered Wood Products in Construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Gu ◽  
Prakash Nepal ◽  
Matthew Arvanitis ◽  
Delton Alderman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Engineered Wood Products ◽  
Engineered Wood ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Mass Timber ◽  
Building Designs

Buildings and the construction sector together account for about 39% of the global energy-related CO2 emissions. Recent building designs are introducing promising new mass timber products that have the capacity to partially replace concrete and steel in traditional buildings. The inherently lower environmental impacts of engineered wood products for construction are seen as one of the key strategies to mitigate climate change through their increased use in the construction sector. This chapter synthesizes the estimated carbon benefits of using engineered wood products and mass timber in the construction sector based on insights obtained from recent Life Cycle Assessment studies in the topic area of reduced carbon emissions and carbon sequestration/storage.

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