Adaptation of Cities to Climate Change (Best Practices Review)

The authors of the article are raising current issues related to climate change and global warming. Not all the countries are responding to these processes the same way and undertake joint complex efforts to mitigate climate change impacts. The authors have analyzed the existing legislations and actions for adaptation to climate change in the EU and separate European countries. “Covenant of Mayors”, ADAPT program, Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe are considered in detail. Informational and awareness-raising work of state and educational entities is one of the main necessary actions to mitigate climate change negative impacts. The article presents the results of the opinion poll made by the European Social Survey, “Russian Public Opinion Research Center” (JSC “VCIOM”) and the investigations of German State Development Bank KfW on how citizens perceive climate change processes, their sense of personal responsibility and personal reaction. Also a brief review of educational programs of builders, urban developers and architects in European and Russian universities is added to the article. The conclusion of the authors is as such: it is necessary to intensify legislative measures for adaptation of cities to climate change, the stronger control of the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and coordinated actions in one region are needed. It is necessary to pay careful attention to climatic education of the students – future builders and urban developers.

Download Full-text

Biodiversity as a solution to mitigate climate change impacts on the functioning of forest ecosystems

Biological Reviews ◽

10.1111/brv.12351 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 439-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Masumi Hisano ◽

Eric B. Searle ◽

Han Y. H. Chen

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Mitigate Climate Change

Download Full-text

Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Application of the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform

10.18235/0003794 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Onil Banerjee ◽

Martin Cicowiez ◽

Ana Rios ◽

Cicero De Lima

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Labor Productivity ◽

Latin American ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Environmental Modeling ◽

Sectoral Output ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Agricultural Yields

In this paper, we assess the economy-wide impact of Climate Change (CC) on agriculture and food security in 20 Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. Specifically, we focus on the following three channels through which CC may affect agricultural and non-agricultural production: (i) agricultural yields; (ii) labor productivity in agriculture, and; (iii) economy-wide labor productivity. We implement the analysis using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Model (IEEM) and databases for 20 LAC available through the OPEN IEEM Platform. Our analysis identifies those countries most affected according to key indicators including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), international commerce, sectoral output, poverty, and emissions. Most countries experience negative impacts on GDP, with the exception of the major soybean producing countries, namely, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. We find that CC-induced crop productivity and labor productivity changes affect countries differently. The combined impact, however, indicates that Belize, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Paraguay would fare the worst. Early identification of these hardest hit countries can enable policy makers pre-empting these effects and beginning the design of adaptation strategies early on. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, only Argentina, Chile and Uruguay would experience small increases in emissions.

Download Full-text

Vulnerability, Resilience, and Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts: Perceptions of State Park Managers

The International Journal of Climate Change Impacts and Responses ◽

10.18848/1835-7156/cgp/v14i01/91-106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 91-106

Author(s):

Ojetunde Ojewola ◽

Mark Morgan ◽

Sonja Wilhelm Stanis

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change

Download Full-text

Global Potato Yields Increase Under Climate Change With Adaptation and CO2 Fertilisation

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2020.519324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Stewart A. Jennings ◽

Ann-Kristin Koehler ◽

Kathryn J. Nicklin ◽

Chetan Deva ◽

Steven M. Sait ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Models ◽

Global Climate ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Global Scale ◽

Global Climate Models ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

National Scale ◽

Modeling Studies ◽

Potato Yields

The contribution of potatoes to the global food supply is increasing—consumption more than doubled in developing countries between 1960 and 2005. Understanding climate change impacts on global potato yields is therefore important for future food security. Analyses of climate change impacts on potato compared to other major crops are rare, especially at the global scale. Of two global gridded potato modeling studies published at the time of this analysis, one simulated the impacts of temperature increases on potential potato yields; the other did not simulate the impacts of farmer adaptation to climate change, which may offset negative climate change impacts on yield. These studies may therefore overestimate negative climate change impacts on yields as they do not simultaneously include CO2 fertilisation and adaptation to climate change. Here we simulate the abiotic impacts of climate change on potato to 2050 using the GLAM crop model and the ISI-MIP ensemble of global climate models. Simulations include adaptations to climate change through varying planting windows and varieties and CO2 fertilisation, unlike previous global potato modeling studies. Results show significant skill in reproducing observed national scale yields in Europe. Elsewhere, correlations are generally positive but low, primarily due to poor relationships between national scale observed yields and climate. Future climate simulations including adaptation to climate change through changing planting windows and crop varieties show that yields are expected to increase in most cases as a result of longer growing seasons and CO2 fertilisation. Average global yield increases range from 9 to 20% when including adaptation. The global average yield benefits of adaptation to climate change range from 10 to 17% across climate models. Potato agriculture is associated with lower green house gas emissions relative to other major crops and therefore can be seen as a climate smart option given projected yield increases with adaptation.

Download Full-text

Adapting Cultural Heritage to Climate Change Risks: Perspectives of Cultural Heritage Experts in Europe

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences8080305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 305 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Elena Sesana ◽

Alexandre Gagnon ◽

Chiara Bertolin ◽

John Hughes

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Best Practice ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Participatory Workshop ◽

Climate Change Risks ◽

The Uk

Changes in rainfall patterns, humidity, and temperature, as well as greater exposure to severe weather events, has led to the need for adapting cultural heritage to climate change. However, there is limited research accomplished to date on the process of adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change. This paper examines the perceptions of experts involved in the management and preservation of cultural heritage on adaptation to climate change risks. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from the UK, Italy, and Norway as well as a participatory workshop with stakeholders. The results indicate that the majority of interviewees believe that adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change is possible. Opportunities for, barriers to, and requirements for adapting cultural heritage to climate change, as perceived by the interviewees, provided a better understanding of what needs to be provided and prioritized for adaptation to take place and in its strategic planning. Knowledge of management methodologies incorporating climate change impacts by the interviewees together with best practice examples in adapting cultural heritage to climate change are also reported. Finally, the interviewees identified the determinant factors for the implementation of climate change adaptation. This paper highlights the need for more research on this topic and the identification and dissemination of practical solutions and tools for the incorporation of climate change adaptation in the preservation and management of cultural heritage.

Download Full-text

Agricultural Greenhouses in São Tomé and Príncipe

10.4018/978-1-7998-9557-2.ch001 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Kiakisiki Quaresma Nascimento ◽

Maria Raquel Raquel Lucas ◽

Pedro Damião Henriques

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Current Situation ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Sao Tome And Principe ◽

Mitigate Climate Change

Since 2016, STP has been funding the implementation of greenhouses, viewed as a viable way to guarantee, increase, and diversify production; supply the market; improve farmers' incomes; and mitigate climate change impacts. The greenhouses in selected districts were based on farmers' experiences in horticultural production, available agricultural area, and capacity of rural communities to organize themselves into small farmers' cooperatives. There are also private greenhouse initiatives. This chapter analyzed the current situation of the STP greenhouse project and its socioeconomic contribution to rural communities, proposing actions for its improvement, addressing climate changes and poverty reduction. Despite several weaknesses, mainly linked to lack of knowledge and mastery of technology, greenhouse production represents a viable alternative for horticulture development. Greenhouses, properly exploited, are a mechanism to mitigate climate change effects and ensure an increase in income and consequently reduce poverty and improve individual and collective living conditions.

Download Full-text

Climate Change and Adaptation through the Lens of Capability Approach

Natural Resources Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch064 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1351-1365

Author(s):

Bhupen Mili ◽

Anamika Barua ◽

Suparana Katyaini

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Community Members ◽

Study Region ◽

The People ◽

Agent Of Change

Climate Change impacts would disproportionately have larger impacts on the developing countries. Both government and development agencies have initiated various adaptation strategies in the developing countries to enhance the adaptation of the local communities. Various policies and programmes have been designed keeping in mind the impact of climate change. This study was conducted in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India, to see the benefits of such policies and programmes. Focus group discussion with community members were held in the study area. Based on the fieldwork it was seen that most of the intervention made in the study area focused on income, resources, and assets. It has failed to benefits the people due to variation in the capability among various section of the society. Various projects related to health, education, housing, and livelihood, have been implemented in the study region. However, due to lack of conversion factors in the form of gender inequality, discriminatory practices, transparency among others have come as a hindrance in the successful implementation of the projects. Hence, such project-based approach to enhance community's adaptation to climate risk, in the end fails to show benefits as it fails to expand community's capabilities and real freedom, due to the project's pre-defined aims. It is important to understand community's as agent of change rather than merely beneficiaries of adaptation projects. This study therefore recommends that to enhance community's adaptation to climate change, the interventions should be such that it enlarges the range of people's choices so that when climate disaster strikes them they will have a set of opportunities.

Download Full-text

Adaptation to Climate Change in Small Island Developing States: A Systematic Literature Review of Academic Research

The Journal of Environment & Development ◽

10.1177/1070496519835895 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 196-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Carola Klöck ◽

Patrick D. Nunn

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Academic Research ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Small Island ◽

Small Island Developing States ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Island States ◽

Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽

The Pacific

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) share a common vulnerability to climate change. Adaptation to climate change and variability is urgently needed yet, while some is already occurring in SIDS, research on the nature and efficacy of adaptation across SIDS is fragmentary. In this article, we systematically review academic literature to identify where adaptation in SIDS is documented; what type of adaptation strategies are taken, and in response to which climate change impacts; and the extent to which this adaptation has been judged as successful. Our analysis indicates that much adaptation research is concentrated on the Pacific, on independent island states, and on core areas within SIDS. Research documents a wide array of adaptation strategies across SIDS, notably structural or physical and behavioral changes. Yet, evaluation of concrete adaptation interventions is lacking; it thus remains unclear to what extent documented adaptation effectively and sustainably reduces SIDS’ vulnerability and increases their resilience.

Download Full-text