scholarly journals When didHomo sapiensfirst reach Southeast Asia and Sahul?

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (34) ◽  
pp. 8482-8490 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. O’Connell ◽  
Jim Allen ◽  
Martin A. J. Williams ◽  
Alan N. Williams ◽  
Chris S. M. Turney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans

Anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens, AMH) began spreading across Eurasia from Africa and adjacent Southwest Asia about 50,000–55,000 years ago (ca. 50–55 ka). Some have argued that human genetic, fossil, and archaeological data indicate one or more prior dispersals, possibly as early as 120 ka. A recently reported age estimate of 65 ka for Madjedbebe, an archaeological site in northern Sahul (Pleistocene Australia–New Guinea), if correct, offers what might be the strongest support yet presented for a pre–55-ka African AMH exodus. We review evidence for AMH arrival on an arc spanning South China through Sahul and then evaluate data from Madjedbebe. We find that an age estimate of >50 ka for this site is unlikely to be valid. While AMH may have moved far beyond Africa well before 50–55 ka, data from the region of interest offered in support of this idea are not compelling.

scholarly journals Stochastic models support rapid peopling of Late Pleistocene Sahul

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey J. A. Bradshaw ◽  
Kasih Norman ◽  
Sean Ulm ◽  
Alan N. Williams ◽  
Chris Clarkson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Settlement Event ◽  
Initial Entry

AbstractThe peopling of Sahul (the combined continent of Australia and New Guinea) represents the earliest continental migration and settlement event of solely anatomically modern humans, but its patterns and ecological drivers remain largely conceptual in the current literature. We present an advanced stochastic-ecological model to test the relative support for scenarios describing where and when the first humans entered Sahul, and their most probable routes of early settlement. The model supports a dominant entry via the northwest Sahul Shelf first, potentially followed by a second entry through New Guinea, with initial entry most consistent with 50,000 or 75,000 years ago based on comparison with bias-corrected archaeological map layers. The model’s emergent properties predict that peopling of the entire continent occurred rapidly across all ecological environments within 156–208 human generations (4368–5599 years) and at a plausible rate of 0.71–0.92 km year−1. More broadly, our methods and approaches can readily inform other global migration debates, with results supporting an exit of anatomically modern humans from Africa 63,000–90,000 years ago, and the peopling of Eurasia in as little as 12,000–15,000 years via inland routes.

A shark-tooth ornament from Pleistocene Sahul

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (312) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Leavesley
Keyword(s):  
New Guinea ◽  
Tiger Shark ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans

The tooth of a tiger shark, perforated to make a pendant, was lost in New Ireland, New Guinea between 39500 and 28000 years ago. The author argues that this has to be the work of anatomically modern humans, and implies the use of symbolic language not only across the former continent of Sahul, but also Eurasia.

scholarly journals Dental phenotypic shape variation supports a multiple dispersal model for anatomically modern humans in Southeast Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Corny ◽  
Manon Galland ◽  
Marta Arzarello ◽  
Anne-Marie Bacon ◽  
Fabrice Demeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Dispersal Model ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans

Evolution of modern humans: evidence from nuclear DNA polymorphisms

1992 ◽  
Vol 337 (1280) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Single Allele

Previously we have described studies of the evolution of modern humans based upon data for classical genetic markers and for nuclear DNA polymorphisms. Such polymorphisms provide a different point of view regarding hum an evolution than do mitochondrial DNA sequences. Here we com pare revised dates for major migrations of anatomically modern humans, estimated from archaeological data, with separations suggested by a genetic tree constructed from classical marker allele frequencies. Analyses of DNA polymorphisms have now been extended and com pared with those of classical markers; genetic trees continue to support the hypothesis of an initial African and non-African divergence for modern humans. We have also begun testing non-hum an primates for a set of human DNA polymorphisms. For most polymorphisms tested so far, humans share a single allele with other primates; such shared alleles are likely to be ancestral. Populations living in humid tropical environments have significantly higher frequencies of ancestral alleles than do other populations, supporting the hypothesis that natural selection acts to maintain high frequencies of particular alleles in some environments.

The ‘human revolution’ in lowland tropical Southeast Asia: the antiquity and behavior of anatomically modern humans at Niah Cave (Sarawak, Borneo)

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Barker ◽  
Huw Barton ◽  
Michael Bird ◽  
Patrick Daly ◽  
Ipoi Datan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Niah Cave ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Evolution, revolution or saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures?

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1567) ◽  
pp. 1060-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco d'Errico ◽  
Chris B. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Modern Cognition ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Crucial questions in the debate on the origin of quintessential human behaviours are whether modern cognition and associated innovations are unique to our species and whether they emerged abruptly, gradually or as the result of a discontinuous process. Three scenarios have been proposed to account for the origin of cultural modernity. The first argues that modern cognition is unique to our species and the consequence of a genetic mutation that took place approximately 50 ka in Africa among already evolved anatomically modern humans. The second posits that cultural modernity emerged gradually in Africa starting at least 200 ka in concert with the origin of our species on that continent. The third states that innovations indicative of modern cognition are not restricted to our species and appear and disappear in Africa and Eurasia between 200 and 40 ka before becoming fully consolidated. We evaluate these scenarios in the light of new evidence from Africa, Asia and Europe and explore the mechanisms that may have led to modern cultures. Such reflections will demonstrate the need for further inquiry into the relationship between climate and demographic/cultural change in order to better understand the mechanisms of cultural transmission at work in Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens populations.

scholarly journals The châtelperronian Neandertals of Cova Foradada (Calafell, Spain) used Iberian imperial eagle phalanges for symbolic purposes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo ◽  
Juan Ignacio Morales ◽  
Artur Cebriá ◽  
Lloyd A. Courtenay ◽  
Juan L. Fernández-Marchena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Imperial Eagle

The use of personal ornaments by Neandertals is one of the scarce evidence of their symbolic behaviour. Among them stand up the eagle talons used presumably as pendants, in an analogous way than anatomically Modern Humans (Homo sapiens) did. Considering the broad range and time scale of Neandertals distribution across Eurasia, this phenomenon seems to be concentrated in a very specific area of Southwestern-Mediterranean Europe during a span of ca. 80 ka. Here we present the analysis of one pedal phalange of a large eagle recovered in Foradada cave site, Spain. Our research confirms the use of eagle talons as symbolic elements in Iberia, expanding geographically and temporally one of the most common evidence of symbolic behaviour among western European Neandertals. The convergence in use of large raptor talons as symbolic elements by one of the last Neandertal populations raises the survival of some cultural elements of the Middle Paleolithic into beginnings of the Upper Paleolithic.

8. Modern Homo

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Bernard Wood
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans

‘Modern Homo’ considers evidence about the origin and subsequent migrations of anatomically modern humans, or Homo sapiens. What features of the skeleton are only found in modern humans? When and where do we find the earliest fossil evidence of modern humans? Did the change from pre-modern Homo to modern humans happen several times and in several different regions of the world? Or did anatomically modern humans emerge just once, in one place, and then spread out, either by migration or by interbreeding, so that modern humans eventually replaced regional populations of pre-modern Homo across the world?

scholarly journals Bones of Contention: Assorted Hypotheses on the Fate of the Neanderthals

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Heilingbrunner
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Near East ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans

The disappearance of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis at the end of the Middle Paleolithic has evoked a plethora of explanations, ranging from carefully supported theories to bizarre or romantic speculation. The processes by which the Neanderthals were replaced by anatomically modern humans occurred in a relatively short interval of time, and have been obscured by a wide variety of disturbances. A review of some of the inferences drawn by various researchers tentatively suggests a combination of in situ technological and morphological evolution in the Near East with movement of Upper Paleolithic genes and technology into Europe.

scholarly journals Quantifying the potential causes of Neanderthal extinction: abrupt climate change versus competition and interbreeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Timmermann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Homo Erectus ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Last Ice Age

Anatomically Modern Humans are the sole survivor of a group of hominins that inhabited our planet during the last ice age and that included, among others, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo denisova, and Homo erectus. Whether previous hominin extinctions were triggered by external factors, such as abrupt climate change, volcanic eruptions or whether competition and interbreeding played major roles in their demise still remains unresolved. Here I present a spatially resolved numerical hominin dispersal model (HDM) with empirically constrained key parameters that simulates the migration and interaction of Anatomically Modern Humans and Neanderthals in the rapidly varying climatic environment of the last ice age. The model simulations document that rapid temperature and vegetation changes associated with Dansgaard-Oeschger events were not major drivers of global Neanderthal extinction between 50-35 thousand years ago, but played important roles regionally, in particular over northern Europe. According to a series of parameter sensitivity experiments conducted with the HDM, a realistic extinction of the Neanderthal population can only be simulated when Homo sapiens is chosen to be considerably more effective in exploiting scarce glacial food resources as compared to Neanderthals.

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