scholarly journals Decoding team and individual impact in science and invention

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (28) ◽  
pp. 13885-13890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmadpoor ◽  
Benjamin F. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Citation Impact ◽  
Team Production ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Harmonic Average ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Scientists and inventors increasingly work in teams, raising fundamental questions about the nature of team production and making individual assessment increasingly difficult. Here we present a method for describing individual and team citation impact that both is computationally feasible and can be applied in standard, wide-scale databases. We track individuals across collaboration networks to define an individual citation index and examine outcomes when each individual works alone or in teams. Studying 24 million research articles and 3.9 million US patents, we find a substantial impact advantage of teamwork over solo work. However, this advantage declines as differences between the team members’ individual citation indices grow. Team impact is predicted more by the lower-citation rather than the higher-citation team members, typically centering near the harmonic average of the individual citation indices. Consistent with this finding, teams tend to assemble among individuals with similar citation impact in all fields of science and patenting. In assessing individuals, our index, which accounts for each coauthor, is shown to have substantial advantages over existing measures. First, it more accurately predicts out-of-sample paper and patent outcomes. Second, it more accurately characterizes which scholars are elected to the National Academy of Sciences. Overall, the methodology uncovers universal regularities that inform team organization while also providing a tool for individual evaluation in the team production era.

scholarly journals ІДЕЯ ПРОСВІТИ У МОЗАЇЦІ М. А. СТОРОЖЕНКА "ЛЬВІВСЬКЕ СТАВРОПІГІЙНЕ БРАТСТВО XVI–XVIII ст."

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
О. А. Тарасенко ◽  
А. А. Тарасенко ◽  
Н. Р. Кубриш
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of the article is to study the history of creation and the ideological content of the mosaic by Mykola Andriyovych Storozhenko (1928–2015) "Lviv Stavropegic Brotherhood of the 16th – 18th centuries." in the interiors of N.N. Bogolyubov ITF of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Feofaniya (1969) in the context of the heritage of Ukrainian and world monumental art. Methodology.The study uses historical and cultural, comparative, iconographic and iconological methods. We rely on the hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer and the theory of "big time" by M.M. Bakhtin, which allows us to consider the mosaics of M.A. Storozhenko in the context of the heritage of world art. Main results. In the mosaic "Lexicon”, the greatness of the word is affirmed by means of monumental art. Storozhenko restores its sacred meaning, forgotten in the days of atheism. The master showed the importance of the printed word for the formation of Ukrainian culture. The ideological content of the monumental composition “Stauropegia. Lexicon": the educational value of words and art. Combining the interiors of the printing house and art workshop with the architectural space of the city, the master creates the image of Lviv as a cultural and educational center of Orthodoxy in Western Ukraine. The use of comparative analysis showed that M. Storozhenko synthesizes the artistic heritage of the ancient world (Tripoli, Egypt), Kievan Rus (monumental art and miniature), Renaissance, Rococo, Cubism, abstractionism and others. Polystylism, characteristic of art of the XX–XXI centures, became the basis for the formation of the individual artistic style of one of the leading artists of our time. Scientific novelty. The cultural-historical and artistic meaning of the monumental mosaic of M.A. Storozhenko has been studied in connection with the problems of national self-identification and polystylism of art of the twentieth century. Practical significance. The results of the study are necessary for the creation of a modern history of monumental and decorative art of Ukraine. 

scholarly journals Beginning with Blood Patterns: Surface material and case information effects on trainee analysts’ judgments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hugh ◽  
Liam Satchell
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Human Interpretation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Blood Pattern Analysis

There is growing concern about human bias and limitations in forensic science practice. The United States National Academy of Sciences has specifically highlighted that forensic sciences “rely on human interpretation of what could be tainted by error” (Edwards and Gotsonis, 2009, p9). An array of literature has shown that particular domains of forensic science, such as fingerprint and DNA matching, are vulnerable to bias and error. Less attention has been paid to the process of blood pattern analysis. In the current study, a sample of 32 trainee blood pattern analysts from the United Kingdom were asked to report the number and type of stains present on six different surfaces. The surfaces were systematically varied in terms of colour and porosity. Further, participants were provided with ‘case information’ to investigate if details about the source of the stains would bias a re-appraisal of the stains. We found that the trainees found the dark, non-porous surfaces particularly challenging when identifying the number of stains present on a surface. The accuracy at detecting the specific types of stain varied more as a function of the individual trainee than the surface material. Case information had no effect on participants reappraising the stains. The results highlight particular materials that may require targeted tutoring for trainee blood pattern analysts.

scholarly journals Actual problems of Ukrainian religious science. Until the age of 25, the Department of Religious Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Anatolii M. Kolodnyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scientific Atheism ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In its functioning, religion goes beyond the limits of its availability only in the individual consciousness of the faithful. She is subjected to doctrinal deity and ritual-religious interpretation, through their own institutionalized structures are included in different spheres of human life, sacralizing them. Therefore, the subject of the academic Religious studies in its broadest aspect, besides the nature of religion, are also her functionality in a large confessional variety. Academicity Religious studies are not hostility towards religion, not atheism, as some seek it so interpreted. A feature of academic religious studies is observance of ideological neutrality with respect to religion, certain the equilibrium of confessions, tolerance to each of them, what not in the theological, denominational-interlocutory, and therefore unscientific religious studies, and there is no so-called scientific atheism.

Putting the Individual into Aptitude-Treatment Interaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil R. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Special Education Students ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Academic Behavior ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Aptitude Treatment Interaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Relationship

The report of the National Academy of Sciences' Panel on Placement of Students in Programs for the Mentally Retarded is reviewed with a special emphasis on assessment and programming for special education students. A particular naivete regarding the relationship between past and proposed “new” practices is noted and the model proposed by the panel critiqued in light of its failure in past years. An alternative model that builds on students' strengths and that melds apparently disparate psychological models of academic behavior is introduced.

Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Language ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Collective Orientation ◽  
Team Research ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.

Materials for the history of the gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine

1996 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. Golovaschenko ◽  
Petro Kosuha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The report is based on the first results of the study "The History of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists in Ukraine", carried out in 1994-1996 by the joint efforts of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Odessa Theological Seminary of Evangelical Christian Baptists. A large-scale description and research of archival sources on the history of evangelical movements in our country gave the first experience of fruitful cooperation between secular and church researchers.

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