scholarly journals Reciprocal modulation of 5-HT and octopamine regulates pumping via feedforward and feedback circuits inC. elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (14) ◽  
pp. 7107-7112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Li-Wei Qin ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Ce Zhang ◽  
Umar Al-Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Nutrient Deprivation ◽  
Cross Modulation ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Pharyngeal Pumping ◽  
Feedback Circuits ◽  
Feeding And Fasting ◽  
Humoral Regulation

Feeding is vital for animal survival and is tightly regulated by the endocrine and nervous systems. To study the mechanisms of humoral regulation of feeding behavior, we investigated serotonin (5-HT) and octopamine (OA) signaling inCaenorhabditis elegans, which uses pharyngeal pumping to ingest bacteria into the gut. We reveal that a cross-modulation mechanism between 5-HT and OA, which convey feeding and fasting signals, respectively, mainly functions in regulating the pumping and secretion of both neuromodulators via ADF/RIC/SIA feedforward neurocircuit (consisting of ADF, RIC, and SIA neurons) and ADF/RIC/AWB/ADF feedback neurocircuit (consisting of ADF, RIC, AWB, and ADF neurons) under conditions of food supply and food deprivation, respectively. Food supply stimulates food-sensing ADFs to release more 5-HT, which augments pumping via inhibiting OA secretion by RIC interneurons and, thus, alleviates pumping suppression by OA-activated SIA interneurons/motoneurons. In contrast, nutrient deprivation stimulates RICs to secrete OA, which suppresses pumping via activating SIAs and maintains basal pumping and 5-HT production activity through excitation of ADFs relayed by AWB sensory neurons. Notably, the feedforward and feedback circuits employ distinct modalities of neurosignal integration, namely, disinhibition and disexcitation, respectively.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

1869: Combined Therapy of FR167653 and Cyclosporin A Significantly Prolonged Animal Survival in ratRenal Allografts

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 493-494
Author(s):  
Haruhito Azuma ◽  
Shiro Takahara ◽  
Takashi Wada ◽  
Takeshi Sakamoto ◽  
Akihiko Okuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Animal Survival

IOM Recommends Less Salt in Food Supply

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MECHCATIE
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply

The Food Supply of Shanghai

1948 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Rhoads Murphey
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply

The Irresistible Rise of Asian Cinema 1

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Wave ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Exciting Development ◽  
Asian Cinema

PRODUCTION ACTIVITY It was not so many years ago it seems when speaking of motion pictures from Asia meant Japanese films as represented by Akira Kurosawa and films from India made by Satyajit Ray. But suddenly time passes and now we are impressed and immersed in the flow of films from Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, South Korea, the Philippines, with Japan a less significant player, and India and Pakistan more prolific than ever in making entertainment for the mass audience. No one has given it a name or described it as "New Wave," it is simply Asian Cinema -- the most exciting development in filmmaking taking place in the world today. In China everything is falling apart yet it manages to hold together, nothing works yet it keeps on going, nothing is ever finished or properly maintained, and yes, here time does wait for every man. But as far...

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