scholarly journals The producer benefits of implicit fossil fuel subsidies in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (14) ◽  
pp. e2011969118
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kotchen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Fuel Subsidies ◽  
Fossil Fuel Subsidies

This paper estimates the financial benefits accruing to fossil fuel producers (i.e., the producer incidence) that arise because of implicit fossil fuel subsidies in the United States. The analysis takes account of coal, natural gas, gasoline, and diesel, along with the implicit subsidies due to externalized environmental damages, public health effects, and transportation-related costs. The direct benefit to fossil fuel producers across all four fuels is estimated at $62 billion per year, a sum calculated due to the higher price that suppliers receive because of inefficient pricing compared to the counterfactual scenario where environmental and public health externalities are internalized. A significant portion of these benefits accrue to relatively few companies, and specific estimates are provided for companies with the largest production. The financial benefit because of unpriced costs borne by society is comparable to 18% of net income from continuing domestic operations for the median natural gas and oil producer in 2017–2018, and it exceeds net income for the majority of coal producers. The results clarify what the domestic fossil fuel industry has at stake financially when it comes to policies that seek to address climate change, adverse health effects from local pollution, and inefficient transportation.

scholarly journals Potential Public Health Effects of Reducing Nicotine Levels in Cigarettes in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 378 (18) ◽  
pp. 1725-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Apelberg ◽  
Shari P. Feirman ◽  
Esther Salazar ◽  
Catherine G. Corey ◽  
Bridget K. Ambrose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Public Health

scholarly journals Health Effects and Public Health Concerns of Energy Drink Consumption in the United States: A Mini-Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Al-Shaar ◽  
Kelsey Vercammen ◽  
Chang Lu ◽  
Scott Richardson ◽  
Martha Tamez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

scholarly journals Changing picture of energy generation in Australia and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Lee L. Riedinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Source ◽  
Government Leadership ◽  
Nuclear Component

The energy portfolio is changing for both the United States and Australia. Both countries are rich in fossil fuel reserves and both depend on burning them as a large source of energy. Both export coal and natural gas. Both are moving to more renewable supply of energy, although with different drivers and different degrees of government leadership. The United States has a sizeable nuclear component to its energy generation portfolio, but Australia does not due to a legal prohibition. How each country meets its goals of reduced carbon emissions (official or unofficial goals) is not clear at this time.

scholarly journals Art, Anti-Racism and Health Equity: “Don’t Ask Me Why, Ask Me How!”

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Derek M. Griffith ◽  
Andrea R. Semlow
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Creative Expression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Express Emotion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Contexts

Objective: One of the fundamental chal­lenges in research on, and the practice of, anti-racism is helping people open their minds to new possibilities and new ways of thinking.Design: This commentary illustrates how art can help people unlearn misinformation and narrow ways of thinking while enhanc­ing flexibility that allows people to think cre­atively about efforts to eliminate or mitigate the health effects of racism.Results: Historically, art has been a critical foundation of the history of protest and struggle to achieve equity in the United States and across the globe. Whether music, poems, paintings or other forms of creative expression, art has been at the core of efforts to express emotion, communicate difficult concepts, spur action and change what seems impossible. Art has been particularly important in illustrating and helping to facilitate how people understand what racism is, how it feels to experience privilege or oppression and exploring the implications of policies and practices that affect health indirectly or directly. Yet, art remains underutilized in anti-racism educa­tion, training and organizing efforts within public health. This commentary includes several arts-based examples to illustrate how art can facilitate insights, observations and strategies to address racism and achieve health equity.Conclusion: Art can be an important tool to facilitate moving past intellectual arguments that seek to explain, justify and excuse racism. Art may be particularly important in efforts to illuminate how racism operates in organizational or institutional contexts and to communicate hope, resilience, and strength amid what seems impossible. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):373-380; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.373

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