scholarly journals Bluefin tuna reveal global patterns of mercury pollution and bioavailability in the world's oceans

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (38) ◽  
pp. e2111205118
Author(s):  
Chun-Mao Tseng ◽  
Shin-Jing Ang ◽  
Yi-Sheng Chen ◽  
Jen-Chieh Shiao ◽  
Carl H. Lamborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
The Mediterranean

Bluefin tuna (BFT), highly prized among consumers, accumulate high levels of mercury (Hg) as neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg). However, how Hg bioaccumulation varies among globally distributed BFT populations is not understood. Here, we show mercury accumulation rates (MARs) in BFT are highest in the Mediterranean Sea and decrease as North Pacific Ocean > Indian Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, MARs increase in proportion to the concentrations of MeHg in regional seawater and zooplankton, linking MeHg accumulation in BFT to MeHg bioavailability at the base of each subbasin's food web. Observed global patterns correspond to levels of Hg in each ocean subbasin; the Mediterranean, North Pacific, and Indian Oceans are subject to geogenic enrichment and anthropogenic contamination, while the North Atlantic Ocean is less so. MAR in BFT as a global pollution index reflects natural and human sources and global thermohaline circulation.

scholarly journals Declining Mercury Concentrations in Bluefin Tuna Reflect Reduced Emissions to the North Atlantic Ocean

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (23) ◽  
pp. 12825-12830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Shiuan Lee ◽  
Molly E. Lutcavage ◽  
Emily Chandler ◽  
Daniel J. Madigan ◽  
Robert M. Cerrato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Bluefin Tuna ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Reduced Emissions

scholarly journals The Structure of the Columellar Muscle System in Clio Pyramidata and Cymbulia Peroni (Theocosomata, Gastropoda)

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Pafort-van Iersel ◽  
S. van der Spoel
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relation ◽  
Muscle System ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Mediterranean

The phylogenetic relation between Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767, and Cymbulia peroni De Blainville, 1818, has been studied with regard to the structure of their muscle systems. Specimens of both species collected from the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean were sectioned 5 μm thick and stained with Haematoxilin-Eosin, Crossmon or Azan for histological purposes or they were studied as cleared dissected or entire animals. The columellar muscle and subectodermal wing muscles of both species are described. It is concluded that Clio shows neoteny since it develops without metamorphosis. The asymmetry in anatomy proves that both Clio and Cymbulia descend from spiralised ancestors. For Clio two primitive characters are discussed which may be due to the “larval stage” of the adult but which also affirm the possible relation of molluscs to a coelenterate-like ancestor. Original structures found in Cymbulia are also discussed in the light of a possible phylogenetic relation between Thecosomata and Coelenterata, more in particular Conulata.

scholarly journals The European 2015 drought from a climatological perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1397-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ionita ◽  
Lena M. Tallaksen ◽  
Daniel G. Kingston ◽  
James H. Stagge ◽  
Gregor Laaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. The summer drought of 2015 affected a large portion of continental Europe and was one of the most severe droughts in the region since summer 2003. The summer of 2015 was characterized by exceptionally high temperatures in many parts of central and eastern Europe, with daily maximum temperatures 2 °C higher than the seasonal mean (1971–2000) over most of western Europe, and more than 3 °C higher in the east. It was the hottest and climatologically driest summer over the 1950–2015 study period for an area stretching from the eastern Czech Republic to Ukraine. For Europe, as a whole, it is among the six hottest and driest summers since 1950. High evapotranspiration rates combined with a lack of precipitation affected soil moisture and vegetation and led to record low river flows in several major rivers, even beyond the drought-hit region. The 2015 drought developed rather rapidly over the Iberian Peninsula, France, southern Benelux and central Germany in May and reached peak intensity and spatial extent by August, affecting especially the eastern part of Europe. Over the summer period, there were four heat wave episodes, all associated with persistent blocking events. Upper-level atmospheric circulation over Europe was characterized by positive 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies flanked by a large negative anomaly to the north and west (i.e., over the central North Atlantic Ocean extending to northern Fennoscandia) and another center of positive geopotential height anomalies over Greenland and northern Canada. Simultaneously, the summer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were characterized by large negative anomalies in the central North Atlantic Ocean and large positive anomalies in the Mediterranean basin. Composite analysis shows that the western Mediterranean SST is strongly related to the occurrence of dry and hot summers over the last 66 years (especially over the eastern part of Europe). The lagged relationship between the Mediterranean SST and summer drought conditions established in this study can provide valuable skill for the prediction of drought conditions over Europe on interannual to decadal timescales.

Discospirina (Miliolina, Foraminiferida) from the Coral Sea off northeastern Australia: a new record

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. H. Chaproniere
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
The North ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean

Discospirina is a milioline genus previously recorded as fossil only from the Miocene to Pleistocene of the Mediterranean, and is found living in the same area and into the North Atlantic Ocean (Adams, 1959, 1967, 1973; Adams etal., 1983; Radford, 1976). It is readily recognized by its large, fragile, very thin test, with annular chambers surrounding a coiled initial stage; the concentric chambers are subdivided by numerous internal septa that fall short of the anterior wall of each chamber (Adams, 1959). The specimens illustrated by Brady (1884, PI. 65, figs. 6, 7) from the Atlantic Ocean were referred to Discospirina tenuissima by Barker (1960), but Adams (1959) considered this to be a junior synonym for D. italica, giving the species a range from late Miocene to Recent. Adams (1959) noted that there were more septa per annular chamber in the Recent than in the fossil forms from the Mediterranean area, and the Coral Sea forms appear to resemble the Miocene ones in this respect.

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