scholarly journals In vivo induction of massive proliferation, directed migration, and differentiation of neural cells in the adult mammalian brain

2000 ◽  
Vol 97 (26) ◽  
pp. 14686-14691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fallon ◽  
S. Reid ◽  
R. Kinyamu ◽  
I. Opole ◽  
R. Opole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Directed Migration ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain ◽  
In Vivo Induction

scholarly journals Lineage tracing reveals the hierarchical relationship between neural stem cell populations in the mouse forebrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sachewsky ◽  
Wenjun Xu ◽  
Tobias Fuehrmann ◽  
Derek van der Kooy ◽  
Cindi M. Morshead
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Populations ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

AbstractSince the original isolation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain, further work has revealed a heterogeneity in the NSC pool. Our previous work characterized a distinct, Oct4 expressing, NSC population in the periventricular region, through development and into adulthood. We hypothesized that this population is upstream in lineage to the more abundant, well documented, GFAP expressing NSC. Herein, we show that Oct4 expressing NSCs give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes throughout the developing brain. Further, transgenic inducible mouse models demonstrate that the rare Oct4 expressing NSCs undergo asymmetric divisions to give rise to GFAP expressing NSCs in naïve and injured brains. This lineage relationship between distinct NSC pools contributes significantly to an understanding of neural development, the NSC lineage in vivo and has implications for neural repair.

scholarly journals Epigenetic regulation of neural cell differentiation plasticity in the adult mammalian brain

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (46) ◽  
pp. 18012-18017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kohyama ◽  
Takuro Kojima ◽  
Eriko Takatsuka ◽  
Toru Yamashita ◽  
Jun Namiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. It has become apparent that intracellular epigenetic modification including DNA methylation, in concert with extracellular cues such as cytokine signaling, is deeply involved in fate specification of NSCs/NPCs by defining cell-type specific gene expression. However, it is still unclear how differentiated neural cells retain their specific attributes by repressing cellular properties characteristic of other lineages. In previous work we have shown that methyl-CpG binding protein transcriptional repressors (MBDs), which are expressed predominantly in neurons in the central nervous system, inhibit astrocyte-specific gene expression by binding to highly methylated regions of their target genes. Here we report that oligodendrocytes, which do not express MBDs, can transdifferentiate into astrocytes both in vitro (cytokine stimulation) and in vivo (ischemic injury) through the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. These findings suggest that differentiation plasticity in neural cells is regulated by cell-intrinsic epigenetic mechanisms in collaboration with ambient cell-extrinsic cues.

A Powerful Nonviral Vector for In Vivo Gene Transfer into the Adult Mammalian Brain: Polyethylenimine

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 1947-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassima Abdallah ◽  
Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Corinne Benoist ◽  
Daniel Goula ◽  
Jean Paul Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Nonviral Vector ◽  
In Vivo Gene Transfer ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

scholarly journals Cross-species Transcriptomic Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Mammalian Neural Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. BBI.S33124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. LoVerso ◽  
Christopher M. Wachter ◽  
Feng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
And Function

The mammalian brain is characterized by distinct classes of cells that differ in morphology, structure, signaling, and function. Dysregulation of gene expression in these cell populations leads to various neurological disorders. Neural cells often need to be acutely purified from animal brains for research, which requires complicated procedure and specific expertise. Primary culture of these cells in vitro is a viable alternative, but the differences in gene expression of cells grown in vitro and in vivo remain unclear. Here, we cultured three major neural cell classes of rat brain (ie, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells [OPCs]) obtained from commercial sources. We measured transcript abundance of these cell types by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and compared with their counterparts acutely purified from mouse brains. Cross-species RNA-seq data analysis revealed hundreds of genes that are differentially expressed between the cultured and acutely purified cells. Astrocytes have more such genes compared to neurons and OPCs, indicating that signaling pathways are greatly perturbed in cultured astrocytes. This dataset provides a powerful resource to demonstrate the similarities and differences of biological processes in mammalian neural cells grown in vitro and in vivo at the molecular level.

scholarly journals High-resolution structural and functional deep brain imaging using adaptive optics three-photon microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Streich ◽  
Juan Boffi ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Khaleel Alhalaseh ◽  
Matteo Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Optical Aberrations ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Tissue Scattering ◽  
Imaging Methodology ◽  
And Function

Multi-photon microscopy has become a powerful tool to visualize the morphology and function of neural cells and circuits in the intact mammalian brain. Yet, tissue scattering, optical aberrations, and motion artifacts degrade the achievable image quality with depth. Here we developed a minimally invasive intravital imaging methodology by combining three-photon excitation, indirect adaptive optics correction, and active electrocardiogram gating to achieve near-diffraction limited resolution up to a depth of 1.2mm in the mouse brain. We demonstrate near-diffraction-limited imaging of deep cortical and sub-cortical dendrites and spines as well as of calcium transients in deep-layer astrocytes in vivo.

Rapid in vivo induction of leukocyte tissue factor mRNA and protein synthesis following low dose endotoxin administration to rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara C Brutzki ◽  
Myron J Kulczycky ◽  
Leslie Bardossy ◽  
Bryan J Clarke ◽  
Morris A Blajchman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Endotoxin Administration ◽  
In Vivo Induction
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