scholarly journals Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal serotype 11A reveals a novel acetylglycerol that is the structural basis for 11A subtypes.

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (10) ◽  
pp. 8707-8707
Author(s):  
Edward R. Zartler ◽  
Richard J. Porambo ◽  
Carrie L. Anderson ◽  
Lorenzo H. Chen ◽  
Jigui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

scholarly journals Structure of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Pneumococcal Serotype 11A Reveals a Novel Acetylglycerol That Is the Structural Basis for 11A Subtypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 284 (11) ◽  
pp. 7318-7329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Zartler ◽  
Richard J. Porambo ◽  
Carrie L. Anderson ◽  
Lorenzo H. Chen ◽  
Jigui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

scholarly journals The structure of the capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal serotype 11A reveals a novel acetylglycerol that is the structural basis for 11A subtypes.

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (50) ◽  
pp. 43588.4-43588
Author(s):  
Edward R. Zartler ◽  
Richard J. Porambo ◽  
Carrie L. Anderson ◽  
Lorenzo H. Chen ◽  
Jigui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

scholarly journals Should Pneumococcal Serotype 3 Be Included in Serotype-Specific Immunoassays?

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra Linley ◽  
Abigail Bell ◽  
Jenna F. Gritzfeld ◽  
Ray Borrow
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Multiplex Assay ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

Since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, a number of studies have demonstrated the limited efficacy of the pneumococcal serotype 3 component of this vaccine. Evidence from seven countries (Denmark, France, Greece, Portugal, Sweden, UK, US) shows limited or no effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against serotype 3 invasive pneumococcal disease and carriage. The serotype 3 capsule has some unique characteristics that may serve to explain this lack of efficacy—capsular polysaccharide is abundantly expressed, leading to a greater thickness of capsule, and free capsular polysaccharide may be released during growth. The serotype 3 component of the Luminex multiplex assay demonstrates inferior inter-laboratory reproducibility than other components and results may not be reliable. This communication outlines this evidence and discusses whether it is necessary to include serotype 3 in the assay in the future.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of a Heptavalent Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine Administered Concurrently with a Combination Diphtheria, Tetanus, Five-Component Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Polio, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine and a Meningococcal Group C Conjugate Vaccine at 2, 3, and 4 Months of Age

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Moss ◽  
A. C. Fenton ◽  
J. Toomey ◽  
A. Grainger ◽  
R. Borrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Meningococcal Group ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

ABSTRACT The immunogenicities of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines have been demonstrated when they are administered at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. There is a paucity of data on the immunogenicity of this vaccine when it is administered concurrently with other vaccines in the primary immunization schedule of the United Kingdom. We immunized 55 term infants at 2, 3, and 4 months of age with the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), the meningococcal group C conjugate (MCC) vaccine, and the diphtheria, tetanus, five-component acellular pertussis, inactivated polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP5/IPV/Hib-TT) vaccine. The immune responses to the H. influenzae type b (Hib), MCC, and tetanus vaccines were measured at 2, 5, and 12 months of age; and the immune responses to PCV7 were measured at 2 and 5 months and then either at 12 months or following a 4th dose of PCV7. There were increases in the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of all antigens postimmunization. Greater than or equal to 90% of the infants achieved putatively protective levels postimmunization for all vaccine antigens except pneumococcal serotype 6B and Hib. The GMCs of the PCV7 serotypes increased following a 4th dose, although one infant had not reached putative levels of protection against serotype 6B. In conclusion, when infants were vaccinated according to the schedule described above, they had lower postprimary immunization responses to Hib, meningococcus group C capsular polysaccharide, and pneumococcal serotype 6B than the responses demonstrated by use of the other schedules. Despite this finding, there was a good response following a 4th dose of PCV7.

scholarly journals Competitive Inhibition Flow Analysis Assay for the Non-Culture-Based Detection and Serotyping of Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Findlow ◽  
G. Laher ◽  
P. Balmer ◽  
C. Broughton ◽  
E. D. Carrol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype ◽  
Patient Groups

ABSTRACT Traditional confirmation procedures for the identification of a pneumococcal serotype require an isolate. Non-culture-based confirmation protocols are available. Some of these confirm only the presence of pneumococci, and others are capable of identifying a limited number of serotypes. The increased use of pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines, especially in high-risk patient groups, and the likely increase in the number of serotypes included in future versions of the conjugate vaccines have necessitated the need for improved enhanced surveillance in order to assess their impact on public health. Since 2006, a multiplexed assay has been used at the Health Protection Agency of the United Kingdom for the detection of 14 pneumococcal serotypes which requires pneumococcal serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). We have developed a microsphere competitive inhibition method capable of detecting 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine and serotyping pneumococcal suspensions, utilizing an international reference serum, 89-SF. The assay was shown to be reproducible and specific for homologous polysaccharide. Validation of the assay was performed with a selection of MAbs specific for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes, which confirmed the specificity of the assay. Analysis of pneumolysin PCR-positive CSF samples in the competitive inhibition assay determined a serotype for 89% of the samples. The assay developed here is well suited to large-scale epidemiologic studies because the assay is simple, robust, and rapid and utilizes readily available resources.

scholarly journals 2618. Determination of the Chemical Structure of a Novel Pneumococcal Serotype, 39X

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S911-S911
Author(s):  
Feroze Ganaie ◽  
Jamil Saad ◽  
Lesley McGee ◽  
Andries van Tonder ◽  
Stephen Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Sequencing Project ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae produces a diverse group of capsular polysaccharides (serotypes) that are important for the virulence of the organism and for the serotype-specific prevention of pneumococcal disease. As a consequence of widespread PCV usage and pneumococcal genome plasticity, the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes is changing with an increase in non-vaccine serotypes post-vaccine introduction, a phenomenon known as serotype replacement. Recently, a potentially novel serotype was described and was provisionally named as serotype 39X. Genetic studies suggest that this novel serotype may be a hybrid of serotypes 6C and 39/10A. Methods Three 39X strains with the distinct serological and genetic description of the cps biosynthetic loci were obtained from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing project (www.pneumogen.net). Capsular polysaccharide from one (Camb.853/MNZ2334) of the 39X strains was purified by sequential ethanol precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography. To detect polysaccharide fractions during purification, an inhibition ELISA assay was developed using factor serum 10d. The chemical structure of the 39X repeating unit was determined using one-dimensional (1D) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Results All three isolates were confirmed to have the 39X genotype by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 39X specific region (wciN6c-wcrO-wcrC39) of the cps locus. (Figure 1). The 39X capsule PS fractions were detected during purification and pooled for structural studies (Figure 2). 1D-NMR for 39X showed it to be chemically distinct (Figure 3). 2D-NMR studies revealed that five of the sugar residues in 39X PS are identical to those in 39 PS, except the acetylation (Figure 4). The remaining part of the structure is being investigated. Conclusion The 39X capsular PS has a distinct chemical structure in addition to its distinct serologic and genetic properties. Given that serotype 39X is a new serotype, it becomes the 100th pneumococcal serotype. The chemical structure supports the genetic depiction of serotype evolution as a result of recombination between well-characterized and unrelated serotypes. Structural elucidation of the 39X capsule PS will help facilitate our understanding of serotype replacement and vaccine development. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Carbon Source-Dependent Changes of the Structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide with Serotype 6F

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4580
Author(s):  
Joel P. Werren ◽  
Lukas J. Troxler ◽  
Oluwaseun Rume-Abiola Oyewole ◽  
Alban Ramette ◽  
Silvio D. Brugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Unequivocal Identification ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype ◽  
Polysaccharide Composition

The structure of the exopolysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae is defined by the genetic arrangement of the capsule operon allowing the unequivocal identification of the pneumococcal serotype. Here, we investigated the environment-dependent composition of the polysaccharide structure of S. pneumoniae serotype 6F. When grown in a chemically defined medium (CDM) with glucose versus galactose, the exopolysaccharide capsule of the serotype 6F strains reveals a ratio of 1/0.6 or 1/0.3 for galactose/glucose in the capsule by 1H-NMR analyses, respectively. Increased production of the capsule precursor UDP-glucose has been identified by 31P-NMR in CDM with glucose. Flow cytometric experiments using monoclonal antibodies showed decreased labelling of Hyp6AG4 (specific for serotype 6A) antibodies when 6F is grown in glucose as compared to galactose, which mirrors the 1H-NMR results. Whole-genome sequencing analyses of serotype 6F isolates suggested that the isolates evolved during two different events from serotype 6A during the time when the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced. In conclusion, this study shows differences in the capsular structure of serotype 6F strains using glucose as compared to galactose as the carbon source. Therefore, 6F strains may show slightly different polysaccharide composition while colonizing the human nasopharynx (galactose rich) as compared to invasive locations such as the blood (glucose rich).

scholarly journals A Structural Model for the Ligand Binding of Pneumococcal Serotype 3 Capsular Polysaccharide-Specific Protective Antibodies

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozdilek ◽  
Jiachen Huang ◽  
Rachelle Babb ◽  
Amy V. Paschall ◽  
Dustin R. Middleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccines ◽  
Main Components

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are a major threat to human health. Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of many pathogenic bacteria have been used as the main components of glycoconjugate vaccines against bacterial diseases in clinical practice worldwide, with various degrees of success.

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