“I saw the yellowish going south”

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica de Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
Linguistic Framework

This paper uses discourse analysis techniques to analyze communication breakdown in the conversation of a youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In demonstrating how discourse analysis can reveal unexpected and ordinarily unperceived meanings in unorthodox forms of expression in ways that are clinically relevant, this text analysis uncovers and examines not only ambiguities and conversational breakdown, but also unexpected coherence, in a discourse that appears to be incomprehensible. Beginning with a brief account of ASD, the paper goes on to present the linguistic framework for analysis, phasal analysis (Asp and de Villiers 2010; Gregory 1985a; Malcolm 2010), a contextually based model for the description of English discourse. Specifically, the approach is used for an analysis of prosodic, grammatical and discourse features. Analysis reveals meaningful linguistic patterning that indicates conversational participation, engagement and coherence not previously supposed, with important social and clinical implications.

Executive Functions in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Yael Dai ◽  
Inge-Marie Eigsti
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Memory Flexibility ◽  
The Brain

This chapter reviews strengths and weaknesses in executive function (EF) domains, including inhibition, working memory, flexibility, fluency, and planning, in adolescents (age 13–19) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given the dramatic developmental changes in the brain regions that support EF during the period of adolescence, it is critical to evaluate which EF abilities show a distinct profile during this period. As this chapter will demonstrate, youth with ASD show deficits across all domains of EF, particularly in complex tasks that include arbitrary instructions. We describe the fundamental measures for assessing skills in each domain and discuss limitations and future directions for research, as well as clinical implications of these findings for working with youth with ASD.

scholarly journals “Tell Me About Your Picture”: Using Drawings to Support Expressive Language in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Bridget M. Wright ◽  
Joann P. Benigno ◽  
Jamie B. Boster ◽  
John W. McCarthy ◽  
Bridget K. Coologhan
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

Thirty-one children with and without autism spectrum disorder were asked to draw the meaning of 10 basic concepts. Following each drawing, children explained their drawing to the experimenter. Transcripts of the drawing task were coded for children’s use of personal pronouns and internal state terms. Children’s use of on- and off-task comments while explaining each drawing was examined. Both groups of children had a longer mean length of utterance when prompted to explain their drawings than while they were drawing. Analyses revealed no significant differences between children with and without autism in their use of internal state terms, pronouns, or their use of on- and off-task language during the drawing task. Clinical implications for the use of drawings as expressive language supports for children with autism are discussed.

scholarly journals The association between epilepsy and autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 996-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma W Viscidi ◽  
Ashley L Johnson ◽  
Sarah J Spence ◽  
Stephen L Buka ◽  
Eric M Morrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Simons Simplex Collection ◽  
Autism Phenotype

Epilepsy is common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but little is known about how seizures impact the autism phenotype. The association between epilepsy and autism symptoms and associated maladaptive behaviors was examined in 2,645 children with ASD, of whom 139 had epilepsy, from the Simons Simplex Collection. Children with ASD and epilepsy had significantly more autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors than children without epilepsy. However, after adjusting for IQ, only hyperactivity symptoms remained significantly increased (13% higher) in the epilepsy group. Among children with ASD without co-occurring intellectual disability, children with epilepsy had significantly more irritability (20% higher) and hyperactivity (24% higher) symptoms. This is the largest study to date comparing the autism phenotype in children with ASD with and without epilepsy. Children with ASD and epilepsy showed greater impairment than children without epilepsy, which was mostly explained by the lower IQ of the epilepsy group. These findings have important clinical implications for patients with ASD.

scholarly journals Embodied Imagination and Metaphor Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Rucińska ◽  
Thomas Fondelli ◽  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Therapeutic Session ◽  
Metaphor Use ◽  
Linguistic Framework ◽  
Embodied Imagination

This paper discusses different frameworks for understanding imagination and metaphor in the context of research on the imaginative skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In contrast to a standard linguistic framework, it advances an embodied and enactive account of imagination and metaphor. The paper describes a case study from a systemic therapeutic session with a child with ASD that makes use of metaphors. It concludes by outlining some theoretical insights into the imaginative skills of children with ASD that follow from taking the embodied-enactive perspective and proposes suggestions for interactive interventions to further enhance imaginative skills and metaphor understanding in children with ASD.

scholarly journals Individuals seeking gender reassignment: marked increase in demand for services

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Fielding ◽  
Christopher Bass
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Referral Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gender Reassignment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Male To Female

Aims and methodTo describe the pattern of referrals and characteristics of people aged over 18 seeking gender reassignment in Oxfordshire over a 6-year period (2011–2016).ResultsA total of 153 individuals attended for assessment (of 162 referred); 97 (63.4%) were natal males and 56 (36.6%) were natal females. Mean age at referral was markedly different between the two groups, with females being younger. The number of referral significantly increased over the time period, by an average of 18% per year (95% CI 1.08–1.30). Eighty-seven patients sought transition from male to female, and 46 from female to male, while a smaller group (n = 13) had non-binary presentations. Twelve patients (7.8%) had autism spectrum disorder.Clinical implicationsThere are various possible reasons for the increased demand for services for people with gender dysphoria, which we discuss here. When planning services in the UK, both the increase in overall referral rates and the apparent earlier age at referral should be taken into account.Declaration of interestNone.

Introduction to the Forum: Literacy in Autism—Across the Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Marleen F. Westerveld ◽  
Jessica Paynter
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Literacy Assessment ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Children With Asd

Purpose The purpose of this article is to introduce the LSHSS Forum: Literacy in Autism—Across the Spectrum. The articles in this forum provide an overview of the current evidence related to literacy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from preschool to adolescence and highlight the high literacy needs of this population. Method This introduction provides an overview of some of the reasons why children with ASD are at risk of persistent literacy difficulties and a summary of the six articles included in this forum. Conclusion More research is clearly needed to better understand which factors contribute to the high literacy needs in this population. For now, based on the best available evidence, the authors in this forum provide clear clinical implications that should be highly useful for speech-language pathologists and other professionals involved in literacy assessment and intervention for children and adolescents on the autism spectrum.

The Survey of Favorite Interests and Activities: Assessing and understanding restricted interests in children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Smerbeck
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Social Flexibility

Restricted interests are an established diagnostic symptom of autism spectrum disorder. While there is considerable evidence that these interests have maladaptive consequences, they also provide a range of benefits. This article introduces a new instrument, the Survey of Favorite Interests and Activities, and uses it to examine the nature of restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder. Respondents report substantial benefits of restricted interests as well as areas of difficulty. The Survey of Favorite Interests and Activities assesses Social Flexibility, Perseveration, Respondent Discomfort, Adaptive Coping, and Atypicality. All scales have Cronbach’s α > 0.70. Age and socioeconomic status have little effect on Survey of Favorite Interests and Activities scales; nor does gender with the exception of interest Atypicality. The expected pattern of correlations with existing scales was found. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

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