scholarly journals Anaphora: Text-based or discourse-dependent?

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Discourse Representation ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Anaphor Resolution ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
On Line ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sense And Reference

The traditional definition of anaphora in purely co-textual terms as a relation between two co-occurring expressions is in wide currency in theoretical and descriptive studies of the phenomenon. Indeed, it is currently adopted in on-line psycholinguistic experiments on the interpretation of anaphors, and is the basis for all computational approaches to automatic anaphor resolution (see Mitkov 2002). Under this conception, the anaphor, a referentially-dependent expression type, requires “saturation” by an appropriate referentially-autonomous, lexically-based expression — the antecedent — in order to achieve full sense and reference. However, this definition needs to be re-examined in the light of the ways in which real texts operate and are understood, where the resulting picture is rather different. The article aims to show that the co-textual conception is misconceived, and that anaphora is essentially an integrative, discourse-creating procedure involving a three-way relationship between an “antecedent trigger”, an anaphoric predication, and a salient discourse representation. It is shown that it is only in terms of a dynamic interaction amongst the interdependent dimensions of text and discourse, as well as context, that the true complexity of anaphoric reference may be satisfactorily described. The article is intended as a contribution to the broader debate within the pages of this journal and elsewhere between the formalist and the functionalist accounts of language structure and use.

Emotion and Virtue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Full Measure ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Definition Of

What must a person be like to possess a virtue in full measure? What sort of psychological constitution does one need to be an exemplar of compassion, say, or of courage? Focusing on these two examples, this book ingeniously argues that certain emotion traits play an indispensable role in virtue. With exemplars of compassion, for instance, this role is played by a modified sympathy trait, which is central to enabling these exemplars to be reliably correct judges of the compassionate thing to do in various practical situations. Indeed, according to the book, the virtue of compassion is, in a sense, a modified sympathy trait, just as courage is a modified fear trait. While the book upholds the traditional definition of virtue as a species of character trait, it discards other traditional precepts. For example, the book rejects the unity of the virtues and raises new questions about when virtue should be taught. Unlike orthodox virtue ethics, moreover, this account does not aspire to rival consequentialism and deontology. Instead the book repudiates the ambitions of virtue imperialism, and makes significant contributions to moral psychology and the theory of virtue alike.

scholarly journals Bias Gender dalam Kamus Bahasa Indonesia on-line (Studi Kritis tentang Pemaknaan Perempuan dalam Kamus Bahasa Indonesia)

EGALITA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharnanik Suharnanik ◽  
Ulfa Mahayani
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Behavioral Category ◽  
Good System ◽  
Representation Form ◽  
On Line ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>Indonesian On-Line Dictionary is a dictionary which use reference of indonesian Big dictionary. So the words which are explained in sentence have reference confessed as reference which can be justified. However, what will happen if woman defined as someone expressing individual normatively entered in ugly behavioral category. Woman in on-line dictionary is a system of representation form in forming woman construction in social practice. Woman through a text will give a dogma to woman in reality life of society. The Research using women as an actor who concern in definition of woman in indonesian online dictionary express very disagree of the treatment that they got. They realize that woman require the condition that support them to a good system in represent woman self as equal as man. Product of sentence in dictionary should be renewed so woman can real develope and have contribution in public region not like what defined in dictionary.</p><p> </p><p>Kamus Bahasa Indonesia On-line merupakan kamus yang menggunakan referensi dari kamus besar bahasa Indonesia. Sehingga kata-kata yang dijelaskan dalam kalimat memiliki referensi yang diakui sebagai rujukan yang bisa dipertanggungjawabkan. Namun apa yang terjadi apabila perempuan didefinisikan sebagai seseorang yang mencerminkan individu yang secara normatif masuk dalam ketegori perilaku buruk. Parempuan dalam kamus bahasa on-line merupakan bentuk representasi sistem dalam membentuk konstruksi perempuan dalam praktek sosial. Perempuan melalui sebuah teks akan mendogma perempuan itu sendiri dalam kehidupan nyata di kehidupan masyarakat.Penelitian dengan menggunakan perempuan sebagai aktor yang terlibat dalam penyertaan makna pendefinian kamus bahasa Indonesia on-line menyatakan sangat tidak setuju atas perlakuan yang didapatkan dirinya. Mereka menyadari bahwa perempuan membutuhkan kondisi yang mendukung atas sebuah sistem yang kokoh dalam merepresentasikan diri perempuan agar setara dan sepadan dengan laki-laki. Produk kalimat dalam kamus seharusnya direfisi ulang agar perempuan mampu berkembang secara nyata serta berkontribusi di wilayah publik bukan semata-mata menjadi seperti apa yang didefinisikan dalam kamus.</p>

scholarly journals Permanent Establishment – New Concept

2019 ◽  
pp. 445-456
Author(s):  
César García Novoa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Permanent Establishment ◽  
International Tax ◽  
Definition Of

The permanent establishment is an essential concept in International Tax Law. The traditional definition was based on the existence of a fixed place of business. At present, the new economy requires a change in the concept of permanent establishment. The topic of permanent establishment is based today on the so-called sufficient economic presence. The European Union is working on the definition of a permanent digital establishment.

THE MOUFANG LAWS, GLOBAL AND LOCAL

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 477-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Present Author ◽  
Inverse Property ◽  
Loop Theory ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Moufang Loops ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global And Local

There are many possible ways to define Moufang element. We show that the traditional definition is not the most felicitious — for instance, the set of all Moufang elements in an arbitrary loop, qua the traditional definition, need not form a subloop. We offer a new definition of Moufang element that ensures that the set of all Moufang elements in an arbitrary loop is a subloop. Moreover, this definition is "maximally algebraic" with respect to autotopisms. We also give an application of this new definition by showing that a flexible A-element in an inverse property loop is, in fact, a Moufang element, thus sharpening a well-known result of Kinyon, Kunen, and the present author [6]. Finally, we prove that divisible, Moufang groupoids are Moufang loops, thus sharpening a result of Kunen [9], one of the first computer-generated proofs in loop theory.

Basic Notions

2003 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Maurizio Rafanelli
Keyword(s):  
Graph Model ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Aggregation Process ◽  
Data Cubes ◽  
Multidimensional Databases ◽  
On Line ◽  
Analytic Processing ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter presents the basic notions regarding multidimensional (aggregate) databases by referring to different definitions given for them in the literature. It illustrates the important concepts of micro, macro, and metadata; presents a formal definition of the aggregation process, discussing the concepts of dimension and dimension hierarchies; describes the multidimensional aggregate data structure, distinguishing between simple, complex, and composite structure; illustrates the different types of null values; and discusses differences and similarities which exist between multidimensional aggregate data (generally called statistical data because they are used mainly by statisticians) and the On-Line-Analytic Processing (OLAP) of multidimensional data represented by different data cubes, also discussing the different (symmetric and non-symmetric) treatment of dimensions and measures required by OLAP and aggregate multidimensional databases. Finally it discusses a graph model and a tabular model for this kind of data, and gives a set of definitions regarding the OLAP terminology.

Compliance within virtual teams

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Shwartz-Asher
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Team Member ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Team Task ◽  
Definition Of

In light of the growing phenomenon of virtual teams as a new concept within the Human Resources Management (HRM) world, the traditional definition of team member 'compliance' should be redefined. In order to measure the influence of the virtuality level on the team member’s reaction to instructions, an experiment was designed, in which a team task with a set of instructions was given to 150 subjects who participated in virtual or non-virtual task solving' meetings. This study’s main finding indicates that while the structured virtual team members complied with the directive to divide the labor between them and to appoint a chairperson, the structured non-virtual team members did not comply. It seems that pertaining to the task of appointing a chairperson, as for the division of labor, the use of the “formality” variable may explain the compliance of the structured virtual team members as opposed to the lack of compliance among members of the structured non-virtual team members. This research contributes to a better understanding of virtual team HRM strategies in the hope of improving the teams’ compliance and management within today’s virtual world.

An UML Profile and SOLAP Datacubes Multidimensional Schemas Transformation Process for Datacubes Risk-Aware Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Edoh-Alove ◽  
Sandro Bimonte ◽  
François Pinet
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Uml Profile ◽  
Previous Proposal ◽  
On Line ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spatial Vagueness

Spatial Data Warehouses (SDWs) and Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing (SOLAP) systems are new technologies for the integration and the analysis of huge volume of data with spatial reference. Spatial vagueness is often neglected in these types of systems and the data and analysis results are considered reliable. In a previous work, the authors provided a new design method for SOLAP datacubes that allows the handling of vague spatial data analysis issues. The method consists of tailoring SOLAP datacubes schemas to end-users tolerance levels to identified potential risks of misinterpretation they encounter when exploiting datacubes containing vague spatial data. It this paper, the authors further their previous proposal by presenting different formal tools to support their method: it is an UML profile providing stereotypes needed to add vague, risks and tolerance levels information on datacubes schemas plus the formal definition of SOLAP datacubes schemas transformation process and functions.

scholarly journals Speaking the Same Language: How the Kodály Method Promotes Disciplinary Literacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Laura Dunbar ◽  
Shelly Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
Disciplinary Literacy ◽  
Literacy Strategies ◽  
Kodaly Method ◽  
Strict Interpretation ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Kodaly Concept

Educators are consistently asked to show their students’ literacy levels; however, the traditional definition of literacy is typically limited to a strict interpretation of reading and writing using text rather than notation. Disciplinary literacy expands the definition of literacy, allowing music educators to teach disciplinary-specific symbology. This article describes how the Kodály concept helps students process sound into symbol, which provides students with specific literacy strategies to convert sound into developmentally appropriate visual representations.

scholarly journals Linguistics fit for dialogue

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Garrod ◽  
Martin J. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interesting Account ◽  
Linguistic Framework

Foundations of Language (Jackendoff 2002) sets out to reconcile generative accounts of language structure with psychological accounts of language processing. We argue that Jackendoff's “parallel architecture” is a particularly appropriate linguistic framework for the interactive alignment account of dialogue processing. It offers a helpful definition of linguistic levels of representation, it gives an interesting account of routine expressions, and it supports radical incrementality in processing.

scholarly journals Memory, Desire, and “Magic”: Smará in the Atharvaveda

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Signe Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Religious Context ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Category ◽  
Ritual Speech ◽  
Verbal Performance

This essay analyzes the interconnection between memory, desire, and verbal performance in the three so called “women’s love spells” in Atharvaveda 6.130–132. This study unpacks the many interconnected meanings of the term smará, which is used repeatedly in these poems, “memory”, “desire”, or “efficacious ritual speech”. I challenge the traditional definition of these texts as “magical” and argue that applying “magic” as an analytical category to ancient Hindu texts is deeply problematic. Instead, I propose that these poems are better understood in their historical and religious context as examples of ritual speech.

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