Gender assignment strategies and L1 effects in the elicited production of mixed Spanish-Basque DPs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Munarriz-Ibarrola ◽  
Maria-José Ezeizabarrena ◽  
Varun DC Arrazola ◽  
M. Carmen Parafita Couto
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Determiner Phrases ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper investigates the strategies involved in gender assignment in Spanish-Basque mixed Determiner Phrases (DPs) with a gendered Spanish determiner (el M /la F) and a Basque ungendered noun. Previous studies on Spanish-Basque mixed DPs have revealed conflicting results regarding the determining factor affecting gender assignment, namely, phonological ending vs. analogical gender. We designed a forced-switch elicitation task in order to elicit mixed DPs with a Spanish determiner and a Basque noun (controlled for both phonological vs. analogical cues). Thirty highly proficient Spanish-Basque bilinguals with different profiles and socio­linguistic backgrounds participated in the study. Three cues were significant in the selection of the Spanish M/F determiner: the analogical gender and two phonological cues, the word ending and the root ending of the Basque noun. Further statistical analyses revealed participants’ L1 as a strong factor in the variability attested: bilinguals with Spanish as (one of) their L1(s) rely predominantly on the analogical criterion, whereas speakers with only Basque as L1 follow mainly the phonological criterion. Overall, this study provides an explanation for the previous conflicting results and highlights the fact that bilinguals may use different strategies depending on their bilingual profile and the morpho-phonological properties of the languages in contact.

Statistical Analyses of High Cycle Fatigue French Data for Austenitic SS

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraud Blatman ◽  
Thomas Métais ◽  
Jean-Christophe Le Roux ◽  
Simon Cambier
Keyword(s):  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Fatigue Curve ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Selection Of

In the 2009 version of the ASME BPV Code, a set of new design fatigue curves were proposed to cover the various steels of the code. These changes occurred in the wake of publications [1] showing that the mean air curve used to build the former ASME fatigue curve did not always represent accurately laboratory results. The starting point for the methodology to build the design curve is the mean air curve obtained through laboratory testing: coefficients are then applied to the mean air curve in order to bridge the gap between experimental testing and reactor conditions. These coefficients on the number of cycles and on the strain amplitude are equal to 12 and 2 respectively in the 2009 ASME BPV code, using the mean air curve proposal from NUREG/CR-6909 [1]. Internationally, with the same mean air curve, other proposals have emerged and especially in France [2]-[3] where a consensus seems to be reached on the reduction of the coefficient on strain amplitude. This paper provides statistical analyses of the experimental data obtained in France at high-cycle for austenitic stainless steels. It enables to bring arguments for the selection of a coefficient on strain amplitude in the French RCC-M code, where less scatter on the data is witnessed due to fewer material grades.

scholarly journals High Intra-Abdominal Pressure Secondary to Obesity as a Determining Factor for Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Barbara Morais ◽  
Vitor Yamaki ◽  
Daniel Cardeal ◽  
Fernanda Andrade ◽  
Wellingson Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Brain Tomography ◽  
Valve Malfunction ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Valve Pressure ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is an established treatment for hydrocephalus. The functioning of the system requires a pressure difference between the cranial and abdominal cavities. The VPS can be particularly problematic in patients with increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). We report the case of a 16-year-old girl with VPS since she was 2 months old due to hydrocephalus secondary to myelomeningocele. The patient had been asymptomatic ever since, but she sought the emergency service with intermittent headache and vomiting. A non-enhanced brain tomography, a shunt trajectory X-ray and an abdominal ultrasound revealed no cause of system malfunction. In view of the persistent clinical picture, a revision of the shunt was performed, which revealed adequate intraoperative functioning. She returned with the same symptoms two weeks after surgery. The patient was obese (body mass index [BMI]: 48). We hypothesized intermittent valve malfunction due to increased intra-abdominal pressure. She underwent a ventriculoatrial shunt, without intercurrences. In the postoperative period, the patient presented transient tachycardia and was asymptomatic at the 6-month follow-up. Obesity should be considered an important variable for the inadequate functioning of the VPS due to increased IAP and catheter dystocia to the extraperitoneal cavity. Studies have already correlated the IAP with the BMI, which reaches between 8 mm Hg and 12 mm Hg in obese individuals. Therefore, the BMI can be considered during the selection of valve pressure in systems with non-adjustable valves to prevent insufficient drainage. The recognition of obesity as a cause of VPS malfunction is fundamental to avoid unnecessary surgeries and intermittent malfunction of the system.

SPONTANEOUS SELF-FERTILIZATION IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN SWEET CLOVER (MELILOTUS)

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Kirk ◽  
T. M. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Selection Of

The chief determining factor in spontaneous self-fertilization in white sweet clover (Melilotus alba) appears to be the distribution of pollen within the unopened flowers. This in turn depends on (1) length of stamens, (2) length of style, (3) amount of pollen, and (4) size of cavity within the upper part of the keel. When the flower structure and quantity of pollen is such as to insure the deposition of pollen grains on the stigma before the blossom is likely to be disturbed by insects, the plant will be normally self-fertilized. In the yellow flowered species of sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) spontaneous self-fertilization is effectively prevented, except in certain varieties, by a characteristic of the stigma which makes it unreceptive. Scarification of the stigmatic surface appears to be necessary before fertilization can take place. Variation occurs also, as in M. alba, in the length of stamens and style, size of keel cavity, and the amount of pollen.There is a high correlation in M. alba between the percentage of flowers which are naturally self-pollinated and the percentage of flowers which produce pods when the plants are caged to exclude insects. Selection of plants which are normally self-fertilized can be made by examining the early flowers, thus obviating the necessity of bagging or caging plants which do not possess this character.A strain of M. alba which is normally self-fertilized was found to produce almost twice as much seed as another strain which is normally cross-pollinated under comparable conditions in the field.

Are the systems the same?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-83
Author(s):  
Matthew Kanwit ◽  
Silvia Pisabarro Sarrió
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
Preference Task ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Although two languages in contact may contain similar structures, superficial structural similarities may abscond important differences. The comparative method critically determines whether the languages differ in relative rates of variant use, the significance of independent variables, constraint rankings, and ordering within factor groups (Poplack & Tagliamonte 2001). The study explored intensifier (i.e., degree modifier) variation between Spanish muy and bien and Catalan molt and ben “very”, as based on 84 sets of responses from bilinguals on a 24-item contextualized preference task (40 in Catalan, 44 in Spanish). Results indicated significantly higher selection of muy in Spanish than molt in Catalan. Moreover, independent variables played a greater role in Spanish, with adjective quality, animacy, and verb type all predicting intensifier selection, whereas in Catalan only adjective quality was predictive. The study provided the first variationist analysis of Catalan intensification, while also revealing key systemic differences between the two languages despite surface similarities.

Compared to What? A Comment on “A Robust Transformation Procedure for Interpreting Political Text” by Martin and Vanberg

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Benoit ◽  
Michael Laver
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
New Method ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Transformation Procedure ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Original Reference ◽  
Selection Of

In “A Robust Transformation Procedure,” Martin and Vanberg (2007, hereafter MV) propose a new method for rescaling the raw virgin text scores produced by the “Wordscores” procedure of Laver, Benoit, and Garry (2003, hereafter LBG). Their alternative method addresses two deficiencies they argue exist with the transformation of virgin text scores proposed by LBG: First, that the LBG transformation is sensitive to the selection of virgin texts, and second, that it distorts the reference metric by failing to recover the original reference scores when reference texts are scored and transformed as if they were virgin texts. Their proposed alternative is “robust” in the sense that it avoids both shortcomings. Not only is MV's transformation a welcome contribution to the Wordscores project but also the critical analysis on which it is based brings to light a number of assumptions and choices that face the analyst seeking to estimate actors' policy positions using statistical analyses of the texts they generate. When first describing the possibility of rescaling the raw virgin text estimates, we emphasized that ourparticular approach to rescaling is not fundamental to our word-scoring technique but, rather, is a matter of substantive research design unrelated to the validity of the raw virgin text scores… Other transformations are of course possible. (LBG, 316)To explore more fully into the assumptions and choices behind alternative transformations and the research designs which motivate them, we offer the following comments.

PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL ANALYSES

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET RILEY
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

Instructions are given for the presentation of the results of statistical analyses in Experimental Agriculture. Statistical codes accepted by the journal are defined. Appropriate styles of presentation are illustrated for estimated parameters and variances for a selection of standard statistical analyses. The value of presentations of results of significance tests is discussed. Formats for acceptable tables and graphs are shown. References to further guiding texts are included for non-standard situations.

The Relation of certain Algae to Breeding Places of Mosquitos in Queensland

1928 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hamlyn-Harris
Keyword(s):  
Natural Water ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Patient Study ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Selection Of

(1) An effort has been made to find an explanation for certain problems involved in the selection of breeding-places of mosquitos in Queensland.(2) Many of these problems must remain unsolved until it is possible by patient study of local conditions to bring all the factors involved into play.(3) In order to explain the reason for the avoidance of natural water, where it exists, it is suggested that the soils that underlie them should first be taken into consideration, and that the waters should be examined with reference to their physical and chemical conditions.(4) Observations and experiments, spread over a period of eighteen months, confirm the findings of previous authors that Characeae do not in themselves possess larvicidal properties.(5) That food is the main determining factor in the choice of preferential breeding-places seems to be borne out by actual results obtained, and that when such are not available, mosquitos will resort to breeding-places of compulsion, such places being usually observed to be entirely or partly devoid of food supplies.(6) It is suggested that the salts of alumina and iron in the ferrous state tend to destroy food organisms, and that where these conditions exist, the water is not selected preferentially.(7) The presence of algae leads to the appearance of Anopheles annulipes.(8) That Cladophora holsatica inhibits larval growth seems to be experimentally established.(9) Bacterial scums are mainly due to B. subtilis and have a tendency to produce a slight alkalinity.

scholarly journals Characterization and selection of dairy lactococci based on statistical analyses of biochemical and technological properties

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Server-Busson ◽  
Marc Danzart ◽  
Vincent Juillard ◽  
Jean-Yves Leveau
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Selection Of

Mo1434 WHICH IS THE DETERMINING FACTOR FOR SELECTION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT IN PATIENT WITH ACUTE CHOLANGITIS, BILE OR BLOOD?

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-875-S-876
Author(s):  
Kook Hyun Kim ◽  
Min Chul Kim ◽  
Hyo Jin Kwon ◽  
Joon Hyun Cho ◽  
Sung Bum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Selection Of
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