Jack Fellman: The Revival of a Classical Tongue: Eliezer Ben- Yehuda and the Modern Hebrew Language

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Nahir
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew

La revivigo de la parola hebrea lingvo estas rekonita kiel la sola sukcesinta de sia tipo. Gi estis ofte esplorita kaj priverkita, tamen plej ofte romantike. Laü Fishman, la suk-ceso ce la hebrea kuragigas aliajn grupojn al klopodoj savi sian lingvon. Sed oni gis nun ne verkis plenan sciencan monografîon, kun dokumentado, pri la temo. Fellman ofertas la longe atenditan verkon, ne teknikan, legindan far lingvistoj, lingvoplanistoj kaj nefakuloj. La enkondukaj capitroj prezentas la pozicion de la hebrea antaü la reviviga movado; la devenon de Ben-Jehuda; kaj la konfuzan lingvan situacion en Palestino je la alveno de Ben-Jehuda kaj poste. La kavar capitro estas la plej longa kaj grava. Temas pri "la sep pasoj de Ben-Jehuda." Sekvas detala pritrakto de unu tia paso, la revivigo de la hebrea en la lernejoj, kaj fina capitro pri la efiko de ciu paso. Fakte, estus preferinde prezenti prijugon pri la efiko de ciu paso en la koncerna capitro mem, ne poste. La verko de Fellman bone plenumas la deziron de priskribo de la laboro de Ben-Jehuda. Sed scienca priskribo de la hisotria fenomeno de la revivigo de la hebrea daüre mankas. La plej grava paso en la revivigo estis la enkonduko de la hebrea en la judajn lernejojn. Tio fakte dankigas, ne al Ben-Jehuda, sed al la instruistoj en la agrikulturaj kolonioj. La aliaj pasoj de Ben-Jehuda, kiel lia kreo de la unua hebrealingva familia hejmo, -konsiderata miraklo - estis fakte senefikaj. Egale senefikaj estis lia granda vortaro-projekto kaj la akademio, kiun li fondis. Do ses el liaj sep pasoj estis vere sen influo en la revivigo. Unu paso, lia hebrea jurnalo, efikis en la enkonduko de neologismoj. La nesukceso de la kvin au ses ceteraj pasoj bazigas en la naturo de la lingvorenovigo. La nuna recenzanto aliloke en ci tiu revuo montris, ke lingvoplanaj agentejoj kodigas la lingvon kaj, cefe samtempe, normigas gin, tiel almenaü parte funkciigante gin. Rigardante la laboron de Ben-Jehuda, ni trovas, ke li malsukcesis en la funkciigo, sed parte efikis en la kodigo - t.e. ce la jurnalo kaj la pli praktika, malpli granda vortaro. Sajnas, ke unuopulo au malgranda grupo povas sukcesi ce la kodigo, sed la funkciigo de planata lingvo postulas pli multajn partoprenantojn, kiel evidentas en la lingvoplanado de aliaj landoj. Do, la libro de Fellman estas pristudo pri kelkaj efîkoj en la frua enkodigo de la modema hebrea, sed ne de ties funkciigo. Temas, do, pri historio de Ben-Juheda, ne de la revivigo de la hebrea. Ene de tiu limo, gi estas kontribuo al la kompreno de unu aspekto de so cilingvistika fenomeno preskau mirakla.

scholarly journals Saul Adler, 1895 - 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Home Life ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biographical Memoir ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Paternal Grandfather ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Economic State

If the seeking of truth for its own sake and the pursuit of knowledge, urged on by a divine curiosity untinged with thought of gain or expediency, are the hall-marks of a scientist, then surely Saul Adler was pure gold. A biographical memoir on Adler would give a false representation of him as man and scientist if written without an account of his family background and close parental ties which had so profound an influence on his character from his earliest years and throughout his life. The social and economic state and the cultural atmosphere in the homes of his grandparents on both sides, as well as the scholarly conditions obtaining in his home life, in spite of the most straitened circumstances, were fundamental influences on Adler’s character. His paternal grandfather was a small corn merchant always on the edge of want, while his maternal grandfather was a shopkeeper only fractionally better off. Adler’s father was born in Russia at Kletzk and his mother at Karelitz, where Saul Adler was born. His father studied at various Talmudical colleges in Russia and received his rabbinical diploma. The home was full of Hebrew books, not only the Talmud but talmudic histories and commentaries on the Bible as well as modern Hebrew literature—poetry, novels and periodicals. His father’s consuming love of the Hebrew language, which he knew with an intimacy which scholarship alone would not have accounted for, was certainly transmitted to his son.

Modern Hebrew Literature

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Literature ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Jewish Intellectual ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Europe Today

The assumption that Israeli Hebrew literature has a unique and transformative significance in Israeli culture is argued sociologically, historically, theoretically, and aesthetically. It was only in the eighteenth century, with the Hebrew Enlightenment, the Haskalah, that secular Hebrew literature was able to develop. Before then, Jewish intellectual activity had been confined almost exclusively to religious writings. This literature grew in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries mainly in the areas of Jewish settlement in Eastern Europe. Today, there are over 3 million Hebrew-speakers in Israel alone. A flourishing literature is being written there in Hebrew, composed of fiction, poetry, and drama. The growth of the Hebrew language has contributed to the viability, and therefore to the adoption, of new literary genres. Modern Hebrew literature has established a clear national identity, responsive at last to its own territorial conditions, expressed in a literary language which is finally also a vernacular.

The Non-Reading Reader: European Hebrew Literature at the Turn of the 20th Century

Zutot ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-124
Author(s):  
Lilach Nethanel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
National Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Hebrew Literature ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Abstract European Hebrew literature presents a challenge to the study of early-twentieth-century national literature. By the end of the nineteenth century, the reading of modern Hebrew in Europe was neither part of a religious practice, nor did it merely satisfy a purely aesthetic inclination. It mainly functioned as an ideological means used by a minority of Jews to support the linguistic-national Jewish revival. However, some fundamental contradictions put into question the actual influence of this literature on the political sphere. This article asks a series of questions about this period in the history of Hebrew readership: How did the non-spoken Hebrew language come to produce popular Hebrew writings? How did this literature engage the common Jewish reader? In this article I propose a new consideration of Hebrew reading practices. I argue for the inclusion of the non-reading readers as important contributors to the constitution of the Jewish literary nation.

scholarly journals “We didn’t learn grammar, we learned Hebrew: Divisions and displacement in the language classroom”

1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Feuer
Keyword(s):  
Personal History ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Language Class ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The author explored her personal history of feeling stranded in anomie and displacement between two languages, cultures, and identities through her ethnographic research on the subject in a university modern Hebrew language class in Canada. She discoverd a clashing divide between two community sub-groups of “Canadian” and “Israeli” students who based their stereotypes and Othering on their definitions and relationships to the Hebrew language as primarily literary and text-based or oral and speech-based. As the author discoverd the roots of this in-group Othering, she ultimately came to terms with her own feelings of displacement

NAMES OF PRECIOUS STONES IN BIBLICAL, POST-BIBLICAL, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HEBREW

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Solaf Al Tawee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Word Origin ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Precious Stones

The article examines the Hebrew names of precious stones that are mentioned in the Bible in the books of Exodus (28:17-20 and 39:10-13), Ezekiel (27:16; 18:13), partly in Job (28:2-19) and in other passages of the Bible. Those names are characterized by the fact that they do not have an exact meaning in the biblical language and today they differ from the original language and do not mean the same realities as in the Biblical era. The purpose of the article is to explore the names of precious stones in Biblical, postBiblical, medieval, and modern Hebrew. The study of precious stones in different epochs of the development of the Hebrew language is a significant issue for Semitic philology, since many of them still do not have a clear gemological identification. That study was carried out on the material of text corpora in Hebrew of different epochs of the language development in the contextual, semantic, philological (word origin) and comparative (comparisons between translations of different epochs) aspects. The study used descriptive and comparative-historical methods.

scholarly journals PLANT NAMES IN ANCIENT AND MODERN HEBREW

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Тавил Солаф Ал
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Over Time

В статье рассматриваются названия растений в древнееврейском языке (включая библейский, постбиблейский и средневековый) и в современном иврите. Цель данной статьи заключается в том, чтобы исследовать названия растений, упоминаемых в Библии, и их семантические изменения в постбиблейской и средневековой еврейской литературе и в современном иврите. Исследование ботанических терминов осуществлялось на материале текстовых корпусов на иврите разных эпох развития языка в контекстном, семантическом и сравнительном аспектах. Как известно, библейская лексика в части названий растений является динамичной, поскольку большинство фитонимов в библейском языке не имеет однозначной ботанической идентификации, и многие неясности остаются до сих пор. В современном иврите многие из библейских названий растений изменили свои значения с течением времени и сегодня отличаются от исходных. Кроме того, многие растения, упомянутые в Библии, не произрастают сегодня в ареале Ближнего Востока, или, наоборот, появились новые виды растений, которые не были известными ранее. Таким образом, исследование ботанических терминов в разные эпохи развития еврейского языка дает нам представление о развитии семантики данных терминов и о факторах, влияющих на него. The article discusses the names of plants in ancient Hebrew (biblical, post-biblical, and medieval) and modern Hebrew. The purpose of this article is to investigate the names of plants mentioned in the Bible and their semantic changes in post-biblical, in medieval Jewish literature, and in modern Hebrew. The study of botanical terms was carried out on the material of text corpora in Hebrew of different epochs of the language development in contextual, semantic and comparative aspects. It is a common fact that the biblical vocabulary of plant names is dynamic, since most plant names in the biblical language do not have a clear botanical identification, and many of them remain in question until now. In modern Hebrew, many of the biblical names of plants have changed their meanings over time and they differ today from the ancient language. In addition, many plants mentioned in the Bible do not exist today in the realities of the Middle East, or vice versa, new plant species have appeared that were not known before. Thus, the study of botanical terms in different epochs of the development of the Hebrew language gives the information on the semantic development of these terms and the factors that affect them.

The situation six: Uncovering six basic dimensions of psychological situations from the Hebrew language.

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaul Oreg ◽  
John Alexander Edwards ◽  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Language
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