KAUNIYAH QURANIC ARABIC VOCABULARY FOR BEGINNER; ANALYSIS FROM JUZUK 30

This study has the objective to list kauniyah vocabulary from juzuk 30 so that it can be utilized by book authors and readers especially children in learning early vocabulary which is mostly related to science, in accordance with the practice of surrounding observation. Based on the books that have been produced, no complete vocabulary list related to the initial vocabulary in the world of science according to the Quran has been produced to date. This study uses a qualitative method by analyzing the verses of the Quran from juzuk 30 by listing the vocabulary related to kauniyah. Each vocabulary found will be recorded in a table and written the frequency of the vocabulary. It will be written using Arabic words in the form of the original word without emphasis on morphological elements and will record it as a repetition if it is found to be repeated throughout the analysis. After that, the count will be made and will be recorded in the same table to see the frequency of vocabulary that appears through the analysis of the verses of the Qur'an in the 30th juzuk. A complete list will be generated as a study that includes basic words or word origin to all the words that have meaning and their remuneration in Malay. The results of the study found that there were 74 kauniyah vocabularies and a total of 21 words were repeated at least 2 times, namely; man, earth, sky, night, fire, mountain, water, food, spring, morning dhuha, family, face, wine, shining star, chest, individual, grave, sea, sun, river, and land. The 4 words that undergo 10 repetitions and more are human, earth, sky, and night. In general, these 4 words are suitable to be the basic vocabulary to the development of another related vocabulary.

ÇİTARİ FABRIC

Çitari is a type of fabric that emerged with new fabrics that began to appear after the eighteenth century. In çitari fabrics, was used silk in warp and cotton in weft. The characteristic feature of this fine fabric is that it is woven in stripes. However, there are many traditional fabric types woven as striped fabric. Çitari fabrics can be distinguished from other striped fabrics by their characteristics such as weaving weave, warp color pattern, raw material, and quality. It is known that çitari fabrics were woven in regions such as Bursa, Gaziantep, Istanbul, Tunceli, Diyarbakır, Tokat, Antalya, Harput, Yalvaç, İzmir, Denizli, India and Damascus. This type of fabric, which was widely used by the public in the past, is no longer produced today. It is thought that it is important to consider this fabric, which has the same name as a fish and a stringed musical instrument, in terms of its striped feature. In this context, çitari fabrics; with emphasis on historical development, word origin, types, usage areas and structural fabric properties, it is aimed to bring identity information to the literature. The technical analysis of 9 çitari fabric samples in the Kenan Özbel collection was made and presented in charts. In this respect, the study is important in order to can be re-weave çitari fabrics with the same characteristics and to can be compare them with similar fabric types in terms of technical information. Scanning and description, one of the research methods, was used in the study. As a result of the written literature reviews, it was seen that the çitari fabric was compared to the striped fabrics Kutnu, Alaca, Altıparmak, Diba, Selimiye, Manusa, Keremsut, and it was discussed by contrasting it with the fabric identity information in the evaluation part.

FROM THE ETYMOLOGY OF RUSSIAN DIALECTAL WORDS WITH THE ROOT ‘TAL-//TOL-’

The article presents etymological and motivational analysis of three dialectal lexical groups with the root tal-//tol-. The author considers that the dialecticisms under study refer to the word family талый <talyi> (melted) / таять <tayat’> (to melt) and attempts to reconstruct its own motivational logic for each lexical group. The first part of the article analyzes the word талы/толы <taly/toly> (eyes), the origin of which currently remains not clear enough. The author provides the known hypotheses of the word origin, which include both the initial version (bringing to the family таять (to melt) and an assumption of borrowing. The initial version of the word origin is developed based on its semantic and functional characteristics, the peculiarities characterizing the perception of the organ of vision in language and culture, and motivational patterns in dialectal designations of eyes. The version of the origin of the word as borrowed from the Turkic languages is critically analyzed through reference to the patterns of the appearance of Turkic borrowings in Russian dialects. The second part of the article is devoted to the lexical group талики/толики <taliki/toliki> (ripe cloudberry). Different sources treat these lexical unit as a Finno-Ugric borrowing, on the one hand, and as related to the Russian word таять (to melt), on the other hand, thus interpreting them as a result of semantic loan translation from Finno-Ugric. The paper provides some additional arguments in favor of the version that the names of ripe cloudberry belong to the family таять (to melt), while admitting the possibility of the original (not loaned) origin of the naming. The third part of the article deals with the dialectal word талица <talitsa> (rutabaga), the etymological solutions for which are unknown. The author considers this word to have origin in the verb таять (to melt), which is argued based on the peculiarities of the secretion of juice from rutabaga while its being cooked. In conclusion, some other names of cloudberry and rutabaga are compared, and general semantic lines of ‘melting’ and ‘steaming’ for the analyzed phytonyms are derived.

NAMES OF PRECIOUS STONES IN BIBLICAL, POST-BIBLICAL, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HEBREW

The article examines the Hebrew names of precious stones that are mentioned in the Bible in the books of Exodus (28:17-20 and 39:10-13), Ezekiel (27:16; 18:13), partly in Job (28:2-19) and in other passages of the Bible. Those names are characterized by the fact that they do not have an exact meaning in the biblical language and today they differ from the original language and do not mean the same realities as in the Biblical era. The purpose of the article is to explore the names of precious stones in Biblical, postBiblical, medieval, and modern Hebrew. The study of precious stones in different epochs of the development of the Hebrew language is a significant issue for Semitic philology, since many of them still do not have a clear gemological identification. That study was carried out on the material of text corpora in Hebrew of different epochs of the language development in the contextual, semantic, philological (word origin) and comparative (comparisons between translations of different epochs) aspects. The study used descriptive and comparative-historical methods.

التضعيف ووظائفه النحوية والصرفية والدلالية Reduplication and its morphological, grammatical and semantic functions

تهدف هذه الدراسة في مجملها إلى الوقوف على الوظائف التي يؤديها التضعيف الناتج عن زيادة في أصل الكلمة، وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتناولت الموضوع من خلال الحديث عن: مفهوم التضعيف، والغرض منه، ثم الوقوف على الوظائف الصرفية، والنحوية، والدلالية له. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج، موجزها: الوظائف الصرفية للتضعيف هي: الإلحاق، التوليد، الاستغناء، وتغيير النظام المقطعي للكلمات، والوظائف النحوية تشمل: التعدية، التحويل، والإعمال، أما الوظائف الدلالية فهي متعددة، ومن أبرزها: التكثير والمبالغة، الصيرورة، السلب والإزالة، الاختصار، النسبة، الدعاء للمفعول أو عليه، التضاد، الظرفية، المطاوعة، التكلف والطلب، والاتخاذ. هذا، ولتعدد الوظائف الدلالية وتداخلها يلعب السياق دورًا مهمًا في تحديد هذه الوظائف، والتفريق بينها. This study aims to identifying the functions performed by doubling that resulting from an increase at the word origin. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach. And the study examined the topic in terms of talking about the concept of Doubling, its purpose then show its’ morphological and syntactic and semantic functions. The study reached to some fndings, the most important of the morphological functions are: Merges, Generating, Dispensing, and changing the words system syllables, while the syntactic functions include: ALtadyah, Diversion, and AL-iamal. Also the semantic functions are: Exaggratedness, Consequence, Plundering and Removal, Abbreviation, the Proportion, Contrast, circumstantial, AL-muttawaa’ and Adoption. Key words: Reduplication, Morphology, and Grammar

Representation of the temporal code of the national linguistic culture in the naive (pre-scientific) worldview

Time is not only a form of matter existence, a fourth coordinate, but also a category of linguistic culture, a phenomenon of a specific conceptual worldview. The present study aims to examine the linguistic and worldview phenomena which have specific linguocultural features, in particular, the temporal code which reveals a system of beliefs about time characteristic for the speakers of the Ukrainian language. The article describes the results of the reconstruction of a temporal fragment from a pre-scientific worldview. The study is based on the semasiological procedure of field modelling as well as etymological, component and syntaxeme analyses. It relies on the knowledge about word origin in the temporal group as well as about phraseological units containing words with the central seme of time and vocabulary characterized by a temporal connotation. The article elucidates two key associative vectors which guide the cognition of the temporal, namely, «time – human» and «time – environment». It provides data which reflect naïve beliefs about physics and psychology of time, coded in the Ukrainian idioms. The author examines the syntaxemic functions within phraseologisms based on temporal vocabulary. The axiological peculiarities of verbal contexts producing temporal semantics have been investigated and their utilitarian, teleological, and emotional evaluations have been described. The article offers arguments in favour of systemic connections between the temporal code of linguistic culture with the biomorphic, the objective and the somatic. The author explains that the words of the temporal group reveal deep etymological associations related to the human and the environment. In some Ukrainian idioms, the vocabulary bulk with the central seme of time is related to beliefs about mythical creatures. Due to this, such vocabulary bulk within the structure of phraseologisms mainly performs the function of the subject of action and the locative. Verbal contexts in which this vocabulary with temporal connotation is employed generate primarily negative utilitarian, teleological, and emotional evaluations. The vocabulary bulk with the semantics of time has no material denotation, and the realization of the temporal code of linguistic culture is systematically linked to the biomorphic, the somatic and the substantive.

A Cognitive Approach to the Semantics in the Sacred Context: Semantic and Symbolic Function of Sacred Words

One of the intriguing features of language interaction with society and culture is the position of certain words as sacred within that society. Thus, it is important to analyze the social process through which sacred words present their particular features. In this paper, we show how sacred words gain their symbolic prominence. Furthermore, we propose a cognitive-semantic model based on the hypothesis of historic automaticity chain that explains well the reason behind the loss of semantics of the sacred words. In this paper, we compare some sacred words across many Indo-European languages and analyze how the very same sacred words lost ground to other words and became almost empty of semantics and word origin, while still preserving the symbolic notion. This study brings the notion of abstraction to the sacred word framework and clarifies the ways the mind processes sacred semantics. In order to support our hypothesis, we performed two small-scale psycho-linguistic experiments and the results confirmed our hypothesis.

Remnants of Maghrebi Judeo-Arabic among French-born Jews of North-African Descent

This article is an attempt to apply some operative methodologies in the research on Jewish languages to the specific blend of French used by French Jews born in France to parents with a North-African background. After a classification of the linguistic material gathered during years of fieldwork in France and Israel according to word origin (Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; general Maghrebi), it goes on to compare the status of the Arabic word in the Jewish mouth with that of the same words in the colloquial speech of young Muslims born in France to immigrant parents. The analysis of the Arabic elements integrated within the colloquial French speech of Jews and Muslims in today’s France goes further, taking into account the last echoes of the speech specific to Catholic pieds-noirs.