EFFECT OF DIALOGIC TEACHING ON ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS

This paper aims to investigate the influence of dialogic teaching on the development of the learners’ speaking skills. It is questioning why Kazakh students are unable to express themselves efficiently and comfortably. This seems crucial and imperative for students and it shouldn’t shape any obstacle for future development. Accordingly, this paper poses a significant issue that every learner of English needs to ponder. To collect data for the study, three tools has been used; a questionnaire, an interview and an observation. The questionnaire was distributed throughout the students who had been selected from different universities. The collected data is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data analysis has shown that dialogic teaching enables students to develop the skills of argumentation, questioning and debate which contribute to the development of their speaking skills. Generally, the findings indicate that authentic dialogic teaching components are effective if students are given enough time to practice its skills.

Library Staff Need More Support in Order to Alleviate Teaching Anxiety

A Review of: Lundstrom, K., Fagerheim, B. & Van Geem, S. (2021). Library teaching anxiety: Understanding and supporting a persistent issue in librarianship. College & Research Libraries, 82(3), 389-409. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.3.389 Abstract Objective – To determine academic librarians’ attitudes towards their teaching, how teaching anxiety manifests itself, and how teaching anxiety affects these attitudes. Design – Online Survey. Setting – The survey was distributed through various library science listservs. Subjects – Any library staff with a teaching component in their role were invited to respond. There was a total of 1,035 initial responses. Methods – The survey questions were based on a previously published survey about teaching anxiety by Davis (2007). However, the survey for this study added questions about formal and self-diagnosis of other types of anxieties, physical and psychological anxiety symptoms, and how teaching anxiety impacts other areas of the respondents’ lives. There were also questions on potential supports to reduce teaching anxiety, as well as potential barriers to these supports. Main Results – It was found that approximately 65% of respondents experience teaching anxiety. Approximately 40% of those respondents were formally diagnosed with anxiety, and approximately 42% were self-diagnosed. There was a significant association between a formal diagnosis of anxiety, and teaching anxiety. There were also significant associations between past training, preparation, and teaching anxiety, with anxiety occurring less with increased training and preparation. Conclusion – Teaching anxiety is a significant issue among library staff. Supports in the form of workshops on teaching as well as coping with anxiety can possibly help to reduce this phenomenon.

Academic Integrity and Audiobooks

Audiobooks offer increased accessibility and new ways of engaging with scholarly texts. Although the development of academic audiobooks is in a relatively early stage, one significant issue that is yet to receive appropriate attention is the presentation of referenced materials in audio form. Presently, this is approached on a case-by-case basis with no centralized industry standards, and so protocols are either set by individual publishers or negotiated between rights-holders and narrators. Narrators usually adopt one of four options for dealing with notes or other referencing tools: complete omission; addition of audio effects to differentiate the reading of references from the primary narrative; reading the reference notes at the end of a chapter or the book; or including with the audiobook files an optional PDF download with reference details. These options give consideration to aesthetic issues, but it is uncertain whether they do justice to questions of academic integrity. The purpose of this article is to encourage scholarly dialogue and a conversation between the audio publishing industry and academia on this issue, and to begin working towards a ‘best practice’ framework that satisfies questions of both aesthetic experience and academic integrity.

Ownership and Immutability in Coq

<p>A significant issue in modern programming languages is unsafe aliasing. Modern type systems have attempted to address this in two prominent ways; immutability and ownership, and often a combination of the two [4][17]. The goal of this thesis is to formalise Immutability and Ownership using the Coq Proof Assistant, a formal proof management system [13]. We encode three type systems using Coq; Featherweight Immutable Java, Featherweight Generic Java and Featherweight Ownership Generic Java, and prove them sound. We describe the challenges presented in encoding immutability, ownership and type systems in general in Coq.</p>

Ownership and Immutability in Coq

<p>A significant issue in modern programming languages is unsafe aliasing. Modern type systems have attempted to address this in two prominent ways; immutability and ownership, and often a combination of the two [4][17]. The goal of this thesis is to formalise Immutability and Ownership using the Coq Proof Assistant, a formal proof management system [13]. We encode three type systems using Coq; Featherweight Immutable Java, Featherweight Generic Java and Featherweight Ownership Generic Java, and prove them sound. We describe the challenges presented in encoding immutability, ownership and type systems in general in Coq.</p>

Sanitary and medical services for german refugees from the occupied regions of Ukraine in 1943-1944.

Aim of the article. The article reveals the main aspects related to the organization of sanitary and medical services for ethnic Germans, exported by the Nazi authorities from the occupied regions of Ukraine in 1943-1944. Research methods. Problem-chronological, descriptive and comparative methods were used. Scientific novelty. Based on the involvement of a wide range of archival documents, for the first time in historiography, it was possible to highlight in detail one of the littleknown and at the same time essential subjects of the evacuation of ethnic Germans from the occupied Ukrainian regions in 1943-1944. Conclusions. The level of health care for German refugees depended mostly on the territory of their stay. At the first stage of the evacuation, the Nazi authorities were unable to pay due attention to this significant issue since many resources were at the Wehrmacht disposal. The negligent attitude of indeed responsible authorities to the evacuated ethnic Germans' problems also played an important role. Very significant changes in refugees' situation took place only after moving to German territory in early 1944. Trying to prevent the mass spread of various infectious diseases among them, the Nazi administration was forced to take several urgent measures (such as disinfection, quarantine, and vaccination), which helped stabilize the sanitary and epidemiological situation gradually.

The Influence of the Use of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Human Microbiome – A Mini-Review

The aim of this study was to draw attention to the possible consequences of improper, unhygienic use of mouth and nose covers in the context of prophylaxis against the spread of COVID-19 from the point of view of a family physician and focus on the risk of respiratory infections and skin lesions in patients, in different age groups. The use of protective masks may reduce the likelihood of infection but will not eliminate the risk of infection. However, it should be remembered that any mask, no matter how effective the filtration is or how well it seals, will have little effect if not used in conjunction with other preventive measures, including isolation of infected people, immunization, proper respiratory culture, regular, frequent replacement of masks, and hand hygiene. Additionally, certain risks associated with this form of prophylaxis should be taken into account, which, unfortunately, may also aggravate or even constitute a source of serious respiratory infections and lead to the development and aggravation of skin problems. Moreover, educating society not only on hand hygiene but also on the topic of the value of nose and mouth covers, as well as the frequency of their replacement and/or disinfection, is becoming a significant issue.

Vizura hrvatskog maloljetničkog kaznenog prava pri odlučivanju o maloljetničkom zatvoru i njegovu pridržaju – postoje li kriteriji ili je sve diskrecijska odluka suda

Juvenile courts throughout Croatia impose sanctions on juvenile offenders (juveniles). Their decision-making often raises issues of their discretion in deciding on the application of juvenile sanctions, especially juvenile incarceration and its suspension (Reservation of the Right to Impose the Sentence of Juvenile Incarceration), which can be a significant issue in terms of the uniformity of the juvenile case law. Therefore, the research sought to examine whether there are certain formal criteria for distinguishing the application of juvenile incarceration from its suspension (Reservation of the Right to Impose the Sentence of Juvenile Incarceration), or if there are criteria that judges use when deciding when and in which cases to apply juvenile imprisonment, and when its suspension. Consequently, the following Hypothesis is set: There are criteria for distinguishing the application of juvenile incarceration from the suspension of sentence of juvenile incarceration (Reservation of the Right to Impose the Sentence of Juvenile Incarceration). Normative - descriptive, qualitative and descriptive analyses were used to test the hypothesis in the research.

Una lettera di Paolo Bajnotti a Cristoforo Negri nel contesto dell’esplorazione del Mar Morto nel XIX secolo

A letter in the archives of the Italian Geographical Society in which Paolo Bajnotti, an italian diplomat who had resided in Egypt, informs Cristoforo Negri about his trip to Palestine in 1869, before moving to Galaz for a new assignment, and about how he visited the Dead Sea thanks to the guidance of a Franciscan scholar who reported that he had personally observed that over the last ten years the level of the Dead Sea had dropped by about 95 cm, provides the opportunity for a historical overview of the exploration of the Jordan Valley from Lake Tiberias to the Gulf of Aqaba during the 19th century. What might seem to be a mere curiosity is in fact part of a very significant issue that was controversial among the geographers and cartographers of the time, as is clearly shown in Negri’s speech at the meeting of the Società Geografica Italiana on March 13th 1870. The level of the Dead Sea and the level of the Sea of Galilee, the resulting difference in height that the River Jordan has to cover with a significant average gradient, the lack of a rise in the level of the Dead Sea despite the absence of an estuary were questions that in the mid-19th century were still waiting for an answer supported by scientific data and free of pious or pseudo-scientific overtones. A numerous series of expeditions - some improvised, others well organized - gave some answers to these issues, removing any doubt and establishing that the entire hydrologic basin was significantly below the level of the Mediterranean, that the Jordan did not have a strong slope because it was very meandering, and that the Dead Sea’s level was regulated by the strong amount of evaporation that occurred throughout the year.

What do employees want? Halting record-setting turnovers globally

Purpose Retaining talents has been a significant issue for companies globally. Recent statistics suggest that the trend is rising at an alarming rate. This paper aims at examining these statistics, the driving factors, and how organisations can deal with this issue to retain current employees and to attract prospective employees. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses the drivers of these high turnover rates and the associated costs. Based on these, suggestions on how to retain and attract talents are offered. Findings The evidence available illustrates that employee turnover continues to hamper the growth of companies and can pose existential threats to these companies. It also suggests that listening to concerns or reasons accounting for the exit of employees can go a long way to reduce the current trends. Practical implications The suggestions presented in this paper highlight the possibility of curbing the high rate of turnover. By taking these suggestions, organisations can avoid the enormous costs associated with employee turnover while building a healthy organisation for their employees. Originality/value This work is timely given the high rate of turnover recorded worldwide, even during the pandemic.