NAMES OF PRECIOUS STONES IN BIBLICAL, POST-BIBLICAL, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HEBREW

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Solaf Al Tawee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Word Origin ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Precious Stones

The article examines the Hebrew names of precious stones that are mentioned in the Bible in the books of Exodus (28:17-20 and 39:10-13), Ezekiel (27:16; 18:13), partly in Job (28:2-19) and in other passages of the Bible. Those names are characterized by the fact that they do not have an exact meaning in the biblical language and today they differ from the original language and do not mean the same realities as in the Biblical era. The purpose of the article is to explore the names of precious stones in Biblical, postBiblical, medieval, and modern Hebrew. The study of precious stones in different epochs of the development of the Hebrew language is a significant issue for Semitic philology, since many of them still do not have a clear gemological identification. That study was carried out on the material of text corpora in Hebrew of different epochs of the language development in the contextual, semantic, philological (word origin) and comparative (comparisons between translations of different epochs) aspects. The study used descriptive and comparative-historical methods.

scholarly journals PLANT NAMES IN ANCIENT AND MODERN HEBREW

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Тавил Солаф Ал
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Over Time

В статье рассматриваются названия растений в древнееврейском языке (включая библейский, постбиблейский и средневековый) и в современном иврите. Цель данной статьи заключается в том, чтобы исследовать названия растений, упоминаемых в Библии, и их семантические изменения в постбиблейской и средневековой еврейской литературе и в современном иврите. Исследование ботанических терминов осуществлялось на материале текстовых корпусов на иврите разных эпох развития языка в контекстном, семантическом и сравнительном аспектах. Как известно, библейская лексика в части названий растений является динамичной, поскольку большинство фитонимов в библейском языке не имеет однозначной ботанической идентификации, и многие неясности остаются до сих пор. В современном иврите многие из библейских названий растений изменили свои значения с течением времени и сегодня отличаются от исходных. Кроме того, многие растения, упомянутые в Библии, не произрастают сегодня в ареале Ближнего Востока, или, наоборот, появились новые виды растений, которые не были известными ранее. Таким образом, исследование ботанических терминов в разные эпохи развития еврейского языка дает нам представление о развитии семантики данных терминов и о факторах, влияющих на него. The article discusses the names of plants in ancient Hebrew (biblical, post-biblical, and medieval) and modern Hebrew. The purpose of this article is to investigate the names of plants mentioned in the Bible and their semantic changes in post-biblical, in medieval Jewish literature, and in modern Hebrew. The study of botanical terms was carried out on the material of text corpora in Hebrew of different epochs of the language development in contextual, semantic and comparative aspects. It is a common fact that the biblical vocabulary of plant names is dynamic, since most plant names in the biblical language do not have a clear botanical identification, and many of them remain in question until now. In modern Hebrew, many of the biblical names of plants have changed their meanings over time and they differ today from the ancient language. In addition, many plants mentioned in the Bible do not exist today in the realities of the Middle East, or vice versa, new plant species have appeared that were not known before. Thus, the study of botanical terms in different epochs of the development of the Hebrew language gives the information on the semantic development of these terms and the factors that affect them.

scholarly journals Značenje i prednost proučavanja židovske Biblije na biblijskom hebrejskom jeziku

2019 ◽  
Vol XVII (2) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Agnes E. DaDon ◽  
Kotel DaDon
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Rabbinical Literature ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Many Sources

In this article the authors analyse the importance of the study of the Old Testament in its original language, Biblical Hebrew. The first part of the article consists of a general introduction followed by the explanation of the main linguistic differences between Biblical and Modern Hebrew, as one of the factors contributing to the difficulty of understanding the Bible even for native Israelis. This part ends with a brief description of the first Modern Hebrew translation of the Bible and the intentions behind this translation, as presented by the translator and the publisher. The central part of this article discusses the following issues: the need of a translation of the Bible from Biblical Hebrew into modern spoken Hebrew, the importance of the Bible and the Biblical text, continues with a general introduction to translation, provides arguments in favour and against the translation of the text from Biblical Hebrew into Modern spoken Hebrew or other languages. The end of this part exposes the difficulties involved in Bible translation, providing examples of major problems in the translation of the Bible. In this context, the background of Torah translations into Aramaic is explained. Finally, in the conclusion, the authors give their recommendations for the school curriculum in Croatia, based on their experiences as teachers and parents. In their work, the authors use many sources from the rabbinical literature since the Talmudic time through the Middle Ages until modern times. Much of this literature is translated into Croatian from Hebrew and Aramaic for the first time by the authors.

scholarly journals Saul Adler, 1895 - 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Home Life ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biographical Memoir ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Paternal Grandfather ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Economic State

If the seeking of truth for its own sake and the pursuit of knowledge, urged on by a divine curiosity untinged with thought of gain or expediency, are the hall-marks of a scientist, then surely Saul Adler was pure gold. A biographical memoir on Adler would give a false representation of him as man and scientist if written without an account of his family background and close parental ties which had so profound an influence on his character from his earliest years and throughout his life. The social and economic state and the cultural atmosphere in the homes of his grandparents on both sides, as well as the scholarly conditions obtaining in his home life, in spite of the most straitened circumstances, were fundamental influences on Adler’s character. His paternal grandfather was a small corn merchant always on the edge of want, while his maternal grandfather was a shopkeeper only fractionally better off. Adler’s father was born in Russia at Kletzk and his mother at Karelitz, where Saul Adler was born. His father studied at various Talmudical colleges in Russia and received his rabbinical diploma. The home was full of Hebrew books, not only the Talmud but talmudic histories and commentaries on the Bible as well as modern Hebrew literature—poetry, novels and periodicals. His father’s consuming love of the Hebrew language, which he knew with an intimacy which scholarship alone would not have accounted for, was certainly transmitted to his son.

Jack Fellman: The Revival of a Classical Tongue: Eliezer Ben- Yehuda and the Modern Hebrew Language

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Nahir
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Modern Hebrew

La revivigo de la parola hebrea lingvo estas rekonita kiel la sola sukcesinta de sia tipo. Gi estis ofte esplorita kaj priverkita, tamen plej ofte romantike. Laü Fishman, la suk-ceso ce la hebrea kuragigas aliajn grupojn al klopodoj savi sian lingvon. Sed oni gis nun ne verkis plenan sciencan monografîon, kun dokumentado, pri la temo. Fellman ofertas la longe atenditan verkon, ne teknikan, legindan far lingvistoj, lingvoplanistoj kaj nefakuloj. La enkondukaj capitroj prezentas la pozicion de la hebrea antaü la reviviga movado; la devenon de Ben-Jehuda; kaj la konfuzan lingvan situacion en Palestino je la alveno de Ben-Jehuda kaj poste. La kavar capitro estas la plej longa kaj grava. Temas pri "la sep pasoj de Ben-Jehuda." Sekvas detala pritrakto de unu tia paso, la revivigo de la hebrea en la lernejoj, kaj fina capitro pri la efiko de ciu paso. Fakte, estus preferinde prezenti prijugon pri la efiko de ciu paso en la koncerna capitro mem, ne poste. La verko de Fellman bone plenumas la deziron de priskribo de la laboro de Ben-Jehuda. Sed scienca priskribo de la hisotria fenomeno de la revivigo de la hebrea daüre mankas. La plej grava paso en la revivigo estis la enkonduko de la hebrea en la judajn lernejojn. Tio fakte dankigas, ne al Ben-Jehuda, sed al la instruistoj en la agrikulturaj kolonioj. La aliaj pasoj de Ben-Jehuda, kiel lia kreo de la unua hebrealingva familia hejmo, -konsiderata miraklo - estis fakte senefikaj. Egale senefikaj estis lia granda vortaro-projekto kaj la akademio, kiun li fondis. Do ses el liaj sep pasoj estis vere sen influo en la revivigo. Unu paso, lia hebrea jurnalo, efikis en la enkonduko de neologismoj. La nesukceso de la kvin au ses ceteraj pasoj bazigas en la naturo de la lingvorenovigo. La nuna recenzanto aliloke en ci tiu revuo montris, ke lingvoplanaj agentejoj kodigas la lingvon kaj, cefe samtempe, normigas gin, tiel almenaü parte funkciigante gin. Rigardante la laboron de Ben-Jehuda, ni trovas, ke li malsukcesis en la funkciigo, sed parte efikis en la kodigo - t.e. ce la jurnalo kaj la pli praktika, malpli granda vortaro. Sajnas, ke unuopulo au malgranda grupo povas sukcesi ce la kodigo, sed la funkciigo de planata lingvo postulas pli multajn partoprenantojn, kiel evidentas en la lingvoplanado de aliaj landoj. Do, la libro de Fellman estas pristudo pri kelkaj efîkoj en la frua enkodigo de la modema hebrea, sed ne de ties funkciigo. Temas, do, pri historio de Ben-Juheda, ne de la revivigo de la hebrea. Ene de tiu limo, gi estas kontribuo al la kompreno de unu aspekto de so cilingvistika fenomeno preskau mirakla.

The Figure of Moses in Modern Hebrew Poetry

AJS Review ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Malka Shaked
Keyword(s):  
Israeli Society ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Hebrew

From its inception in the Enlightenment to this day, modern Hebrew poetry conveys a deep connection to the Bible that manifests itself in a variety of ways. An in-depth understanding of this connection—including its various expressions in content and language, its causes, its purposes, and its manifestations in all the literary genres, in each generation and for each individual writer—would require extensive research that could profitably occupy a large number of scholars. Nonetheless, even with the limited research that I have conducted, focusing on the place of the Bible in Hebrew poetry from the generation of national renaissance to the present time, the substantial anthology of poems that I am preparing for this purpose demonstrate clearly that modern Hebrew poetry constantly returns to the Bible, and that the Bible's oft-lamented decline in stature in Israeli society is nowhere to be seen.

scholarly journals PUBLIC RITUALS: GRASPING MYTH IN DAVID GROSSMAN’S TO THE END OF THE LAND

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-250
Author(s):  
Yael Almog
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Word Play ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
Modern Hebrew

The article investigates David Grossman’s To the End of the Land as an intervention into debates on the presence of myth in Israeli society. Do resonances of the Bible in Modern Hebrew perpetuate biblical narratives as constitutive to Israeli collective memory? Do literary references to the Bible dictate the rootedness of Hebrew speakers to the Land? Grossman’s novel discerns the implications of these questions for the political agency of individuals. It does so through the striking adaptation of a motif much frequented in Israeli literature: the Binding of Isaac. The prominent biblical myth is transformed in the novel through a set of interplays: the unusual enactment of the Akedah scene by a matriarch; original exegeses of biblical names; and the merging of several biblical narratives into the novel’s structure. The protagonists reveal their “awareness” of these interplays, when they reflect on the correspondence of their “lives” with various biblical narratives – whose divergence from one another enable them to negotiate the overdetermination of myth in political discourse. The article argues that the novel’s reflective stance on the role of myth in Israeli society is codependent on the philosophy of language that it develops. To the End of the Land features language acquisition, linguistic interferences with Israel’s main vernacular by other languages, word play and semiotic collapse. Through the presentation of linguistic utterances as contingent, associative, subjective and ever-changing, the identification with biblical narratives is rendered volatile. To the End of the Land questions the limits of Israeli literature in redefining the valence of the language in which it is written as well as the ability of literary texts to reshape major conditions for their own reception: collective memory and national motifs.

scholarly journals Referential expressions in monolingual and bilingual children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A study of informativeness and definiteness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Natalia MEIR ◽  
Rama NOVOGRODSKY
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Referential Use ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
Referential Expressions ◽  
Language Universal

Abstract The current study evaluated the separate and combined effects of bilingualism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on informativeness and definiteness marking of referential expressions. Hebrew-speaking monolingual children (21 with ASD and 28 with typical language development) and Russian–Hebrew-speaking bilingual children (13 with ASD and 30 with typical language development) aged 4–9 years participated. Informativeness, indexed by referential contrasts, was affected by ASD, but not by bilingualism. Definiteness use was non-target-like in children with ASD and in bilingual children, and it was mainly predicted by children’s morpho-syntactic abilities in Hebrew. Language-universal and language-specific properties of referential use are discussed.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICALLY BIVALENT AND TRIVALENT WORDS IN OLD ARMENIAN (SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC CONCEPT)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
LALIK KHACHATRYAN
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Primary Form

Morphologically bivalent and trivalent words in Old Armenian are studied in two aspects: synchronic and diachronic. Synchronic concept distinguishes the layers of morphologically polyvalent words formed in the period of preliterary language development and as a legacy passed to Old Armenian. These words express polyvalence of parts of speech in primary form, without formative morphemes and statically exist in the word-stock of Old Armenian. Taking as a basis the Bible word-stock, the written manuscripts of classical Armenian and following their further semantic changes in the case of diachronic approach we distinguish another layer of polyvalent words that chronologically developed in Old Armenian (V-XII centuries).

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