The relationship between topic and metaphor in second-language learners’ essays

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-278
Author(s):  
Anne Golden

Abstract In this article I investigate to what extent the use of metaphorical expressions in language learners’ texts vary according to the topic they have chosen to write about. The data come from the Norwegian learner corpus ASK, where the texts are from written assignments produced by adult second-language learners as part of an official Norwegian test and texts. Texts from two different prompts are selected, which are related to friendship and nature. Metaphors are defined according to conceptual metaphor theory and a triangulation of methods is used, alternating between a manual and an automatic extraction method. The results confirm the hypothesis that the two different prompts given to the learners in a language test not only triggers different metaphorical expressions but also influences the amount of metaphor used in the learners’ writing. This knowledge is important to researchers for comparing the use of metaphors between different groups, such as between different learners or between students in different stages of education. It is also important for test designers who decide on topics to be used in tests and teachers who help learners prepare for their tests. In addition, it is of interest for researchers, educators in general and the learners themselves who are interested in the effect the use of metaphors in texts have on raters’ evaluations in high-stake tests.

ICAME Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Römer ◽  
Audrey Roberson ◽  
Matthew B. O’Donnell ◽  
Nick C. Ellis

Abstract This paper combines data from learner corpora and psycholinguistic experiments in an attempt to find out what advanced learners of English (first language backgrounds German and Spanish) know about a range of common verbargument constructions (VACs), such as the ‘V about n’ construction (e.g. she thinks about chocolate a lot). Learners’ dominant verb-VAC associations are examined based on evidence retrieved from the German and Spanish subcomponents of ICLE and LINDSEI and collected in lexical production tasks in which participants complete VAC frames (e.g. ‘he ___ about the...’) with verbs that may fill the blank (e.g. talked, thought, wondered). The paper compares findings from the different data sets and highlights the value of linking corpus and experimental evidence in studying linguistic phenomena


1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Williams

This study examines the use of zero anaphora in the English production of three speaker groups: native speakers, second language learners, and speakers of a non-native institutionalized variety. General discourse function for zero anaphora is found to be similar across speaker groups, although in many cases, ungrammatical by prescriptive standards. In addition, there are important quantitative and structural differences between the native speakers and non-native speakers in how this device is used. The results suggest that the relationship between performance data and second language acquisition needs to be reexamined. In particular, it cannot be assumed that spontaneous production of a given form isa direct indicator of acquisition and conversely, that non-production is necessarily proof of non-acquisition.


Author(s):  
Ana Roldán-Riejos ◽  
Paloma Úbeda-Mansilla

ABSTRACT:Previous studies on metaphor use (Cameron and Low 1999; Cortazzi and Jin 1999; Littlemore and Low 2006; Low 1999) claim that the pedagogic practice of metaphor in the classroom could serve to develop the comprehension and communicative skills of EFL learners. Nevertheless, the use of metaphor by technical second language learners has received little attention so far (Littlemore 2009). In this paper, the metaphorical content of the responses that a group of 4th year Spanish engineering undergraduates gave out when asked to briefly describe visual images of engineering structures have been analysed. Currently, the academic syllabuses for engineering students in most Spanish universities lack any reference to metaphor use either in Spanish or English. The responses obtained from the students were in turn crosschecked against those given by engineers in order to compare output both in the academic and the professional fields. The results reveal a significant high frequency in metaphor use in the examples produced both by engineers and by engineering students. We thus argue about the effectiveness to include pedagogical notions about metaphor theory and metaphor use as part of the linguistic training of engineering learners. These should include differences between the first and the second language, since metaphor use varies from one language to another. The theoretical framework adopted for this work follows conceptual and metaphor theory and conceptual integration/blending findings (Deignan 2005, Steen 2007, Fauconnier and Turner 2002, Fauconnier and Turner 2008).RESUMEN:Diversos estudios realizados con anterioridad sobre el uso de la metáfora (Cameron and Low 1999; Cortazzi and Jin 1999; Littlemore and Low 2006; Low 1999) aseguran que la práctica pedagógica de la metáfora en el aula puede mejorar las destrezas comunicativas de los estudiantes de lenguas extranjeras. No obstante, poca atención se ha prestado hasta el momento al uso y aprendizaje de la metáfora por parte de los estudiantes de enseñanzas técnicas que a su vez aprenden inglés como lengua extranjera (Littlemore 2009). En este trabajo, se ha analizado el contenido metafórico de las respuestas proporcionadas por un grupo de estudiantes españoles de cuarto curso de ingeniería a los que se les pidió que describieran sucintamente diversas imágenes visuales de estructuras de in-geniería. Las respuestas de los estudiantes fueron a su vez cotejadas con las suministradas por diversos profesionales de la ingeniería con el fin de examinar diferencias y similitudes entre el campo académico y el profesional. Diversos estudios realizados sobre el uso de la metáfora (Cameron and Low 1999; Cortazzi and Jin 1999; Littlemore and Low 2006; Low 1999) aseguran que la práctica pedagógica de la metáfora en el aula puede servir para mejorar las destrezas comunicativas de los estudiantes de lenguas extranjeras. No obstante, poca atención se ha prestado hasta el momento al uso y apren-dizaje de la metáfora por parte de los estudiantes de enseñanzas técnicas que a su vez están aprendiendo una segunda lengua, como el inglés (Littlemore 2009). En este trabajo, se ha analizado el contenido metafórico de las respuestas proporcionadas por un grupo de estudiantes españoles de cuarto curso de ingeniería a los que se les pidió que describieran sucintamente diversas imágenes visuales de es-tructuras de ingeniería. El marco teórico aplicado al estudio sigue la teoría de la metáfora conceptual y lingüística y de la integración conceptual (Deignan 2005, Steen 2007, Fauconnier and Turner 2002, Fauconnier and Turner 2008). Actualmente, la enseñanza curricular de estos alumnos no incluye nociones sobre el uso de la metáfora en español ni en inglés. Las respuestas de los estudiantes fueron a su vez cotejadas con las suministradas por diversos profesionales de la ingeniería con el fin de ex-minar diferencias y similitudes entre el campo académico y el profesional. Los resultados obtenidos revelan un uso considerable de la metáfora en los ejemplos en español recopilados de ambos grupos. De ahí que en las conclusiones, se señale la conveniencia de incluir en la formación pedagógica de los estudiantes de ingeniería el uso de la metáfora tanto en lengua original como en la lengua fuente, puesto que cada lengua hace un uso distinto que es preciso conocer de este importante recurso comunicativo. Contacto principal: [email protected]


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 67-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Volodina ◽  
Lena Granstedt ◽  
Arild Matsson ◽  
Beáta Megyesi ◽  
Ildikó Pilán ◽  
...  

The article presents a new language learner corpus for Swedish, SweLL, and the methodology from collection and pesudonymisation to protect personal information of learners to annotation adapted to second language learning. The main aim is to deliver a well-annotated corpus of essays written by second language learners of Swedish and make it available for research through a browsable environment. To that end, a new annotation tool and a new project management tool have been implemented, – both with the main purpose to ensure reliability and quality of the final corpus. In the article we discuss reasoning behind metadata selection, principles of gold corpus compilation and argue for separation of normalization from correction annotation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4229-4233
Author(s):  
Yi Xia

This paper will provide insight into motivation through the lenses of learning style, interaction and feedback. If the relationship between motivation and three factors are well understood, then the learning of second foreign language can be facilitated in the classroom. Motivational strategies also will be presented after each lens. At the end of the paper, it concludes with the limitations of these researches and specific implications such as classroom environment for further teaching practice.


2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Yuh-Fang Chang

In the field of second and foreign language acquisition, a second-language learner’s language (i.e. interlanguage), like the language of native speakers, varies. What is not clear, however, are the underlying causes of this variation. Causes of interlanguage variation such as linguistic contexts, tasks, and interlocutors have been researched. However, there are other important factors in interlanguage variation that are under-researched. Topic of discourse is one such under-researched factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between discourse topics and second language learners’ oral performance. Twenty-six Taiwanese students participated in this study. Data were collected from NNS-NNS conversations. It was found that discourse topics have a great impact on the grammatical complexity and fluency of L2 learners’ speech production. 第二言語習得や外国語の習得において、学習者の言語(いわゆる中間言語)も母語話者の習得言語と同様に変異があるということはよく知られているが、未だ解明されていないのは何が変異を起こしているのかである。言語、文脈、タスク、対話者などの要因についてはこれまで比較的多く研究されている。しかしながら談話上のトピックについてはほとんど調査が行われていない。本研究の目的は談話上のトピックと学習者の発話行動の関係を探ることである。26名の台湾人の学生が調査に参加した。非母語話者どうしの対話からデータを収集し分析した結果、談話のトピックは文法構造の複雑度および流暢さに大きく影響することがわかった。


2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Szabo

The aim of this article is to raise awareness in L2 education about the relationship between second-language learners' linguistic choices in the L2 and their identities. The author reviews empirical research and language-learning narratives that show that L2 learners may purposely use nonstandard L2 forms. Using a poststructuralist framework to conceptualize identity, the author argues that these second-language learners use nonstandard language in the L2 in order to create positive identities, and in some cases to resist social inequalities, in the L2 community. The implications of this research for second-language teachers are discussed and suggestions for classroom practice are offered.


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