Memoirs

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Young
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Four published memoirs refute culturally dominant ideas about severe mental illness as personal weakness, as something shameful, and as a condition that necessarily leads to isolation and disenfranchisement. The narrative structure and content of the memoirs reveal that people’s experience differs from the hegemonic discourse: while narrating symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and acceptance of the illness, all four authors present themselves as accomplished, self-possessed, and socially integrated. Their memoirs, and the act of narrating their experiences with mental illness, challenge the established cultural discourse of mental illness as limitation. The narratives help change that discourse and our social attitudes toward people with mental illness.

scholarly journals Management aspects of care for the homeless mentally ill

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Timms
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Homeless Mentally Ill ◽  
The Continuum

People with mental illness have always been marginalised and economically disadvantaged. Warner (1987) has shown that this is particularly true in times of high unemployment. Poor inner-city areas have excessive rates of severe mental illness, usually without the health, housing and social service provisions necessary to deal with them (Faris & Dunham, 1959). The majority of those who suffer major mental illness live in impoverished circumstances somewhere along the continuum of poverty. Homelessness, however defined, is the extreme and most marginalised end of this continuum, and it is here that we find disproportionate numbers of the mentally ill.

Prevalence of dental disorders among people with mental illness: An umbrella review

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110422
Author(s):  
Jisu Choi ◽  
Josh Price ◽  
Samuel Ryder ◽  
Dan Siskind ◽  
Marco Solmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: Psychiatric patients have increased rates of comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease, especially decay, despite risk factors including lifestyle and psychotropic side effects such as xerostomia. We therefore undertook an umbrella review of all meta-analyses on the association between mental illness and oral health. Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and CINAHL. Articles were independently assessed. Outcomes were caries, periodontal disease, erosion, and partial or total tooth loss (edentulism), measured where possible with standardised measures such as the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces. Quality was assessed in line with National Institutes of Health guidelines. Results: We identified 11 meta-analyses. The most information and strongest association was between dental decay and severe mental illness or substance use, as well as erosion and eating disorders. Depressive, anxiety and eating disorders were also associated with caries, but the datasets were small. People with severe mental illness had nearly three times the odds of having lost all their teeth than the general community (odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.73, 4.57]) and those with depression between 1.17 and 1.32. Findings for periodontal disease were more equivocal, possibly because of study heterogeneity. Conclusion: Mental health clinicians should screen for oral diseases when treating those with mental illness and facilitate referral to affordable dental clinics when indicated. Prevention should be a priority, including the promotion of dental care, as well as the management of xerostomia when psychopharmacologic agents are prescribed.

scholarly journals Applicability of the Spanish Version of the Supports Intensity Scale (SIS), in the Mexican Population with Severe Mental Illness

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Cruz Ortiz ◽  
Cristina Jenaro Río ◽  
Ma. Del Carmen Pérez Rodríguez ◽  
Noelia Flores Robaina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Intensity Scale ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Supports Intensity Scale

This study presents the results obtained from the evaluation, by specialist judges, of the Supports Intensity Scale (SIS), Spanish version, to determine its suitability for the Mexican population with severe mental illness (SMI). The instrument, originally designed for people with intellectual disabilities, is consistent with the multidimensional concept of quality of life and the social model of disability. The semantic equivalence of the items adjusted by specialist judges, the reliability of the subscales, using Cronbach’s alpha, and the concurrent validity between the SIS and the Global Functioning Assessment (GAF) were analyzed. The mean similarity to the original was 9.91 from a total of 10 (sd=0.14). The reliability coefficients were above 0.95 and the correlations between the SIS and the GAF were medium to high and significant. In conclusion, in the Mexican context, the SIS scale can be used to understand the needs and expectations of people with mental illness.

scholarly journals Public Attitudes Toward People With Mental Illness in New Zealand, 1995–1996

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kazantzis ◽  
Amber Wakefield ◽  
Frank P. Deane ◽  
Kevin R. Ronan ◽  
Malcolm Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Opinions About Mental Illness

AbstractArchival data from a cross-sectional survey of two cohorts of community-residing New Zealand adults (n = 157; n = 141) was analysed to examine social attitudes towards people with mental illness in a historical period associated with the establishment of a community mental health facility. Participants completed the Opinions about Mental Illness (OMI; Cohen & Struening, 1959), and the Comfort in Interaction Scale (CI, Beckwith & Mathews, 1994); the latter a measure of level of prior contact with people with mental illness. Across cohorts, the OMI Mental Hygiene subscale and the CI scale had significant variability. Older participants endorsed more Authoritarian, Social Restrictiveness and Interpersonal Ideology attitudes in their perception of people with mental illness than younger participants. Data supported the hypothesis that attitudes towards people with mental illness were influenced by social attitudes, and by opportunities to interact with people with mental illness in work settings.

Employment programmes for schizophrenia and other severe mental illness in psychosocial rehabilitation: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262098068
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zairul Rezal Zainol Abidin ◽  
Farahiyah Wan Yunus ◽  
Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi ◽  
Masne Kadar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Vocational Outcomes ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Vocational Outcome

Introduction Employment programmes for people with mental illness vary widely in range, but nonetheless all share the same objectives of restoring or initiating vocational roles to promote recovery in psychosocial rehabilitation. The current interventions available usually focus on the specific vocational outcomes of the intervention rather than focusing holistically on the client’s needs. Method This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of intervention programmes and determine the best intervention for schizophrenia and other severe mental illness, considering both vocational and non-vocational outcomes. Searching five databases – CINAHL, Medline via Ovid, Scopus, OT Seeker and Web of Science – a total of 3108 studies was identified; 24 met the selection criteria and were reviewed. Interventions were categorised into five major programmes of supported employment, integrated supported employment, vocational rehabilitation, cognitive intervention and virtual reality-based vocational training. Results Integrated supported employment was found to be the most effective approach for a vocational outcome. However, evidence concerning non-vocational outcomes of employment programmes and the use of cognitive training remains unclear. Conclusion Clinicians are advised to consider the needs and preferences of the client before selecting the best intervention programme. More research is needed to determine the applicability and the efficacy of intervention programmes.

Generating Coherence out of Chaos: Examples of the Utility of Empathic Bridges in Phenomenological Research

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Sells ◽  
Alain Topor ◽  
Larry Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Consensus Development ◽  
Methodological Tool

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to provide an example from phenomenological research of moving from rich descriptive interview data to coherent revelatory descriptions employing empathic bridges within the narrative structure of storytelling. We used transcribed data from two interviews concerning recovery from severe mental illness: one with an American woman in her early thirties, and the other with a Swedish man in his mid-thirties. Five investigators analyzed the transcribed data into individual first-person narrative descriptions according to existing empirical phenomenological methods including an independent reading, identification of themes relevant to processes of recovery from severe mental illness, temporal ordering of themes meaningfully reflecting the sequence of the recounted events, and consensus development. Our findings support the use of empathic bridges as a methodological tool with the narrative structure of firstperson storytelling, as well as the viability and importance of employing this tool to better understand processes of recovery for persons with severe mental illness.

scholarly journals The effects of supported employment interventions in populations of people with conditions other than severe mental health: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Probyn ◽  
Martin Stav Engedahl ◽  
Dévan Rajendran ◽  
Tamar Pincus ◽  
Khadija Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Competitive Employment ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Aim: To assess the effectiveness of supported employment interventions for improving competitive employment in populations of people with conditions other than only severe mental illness. Background: Supported employment interventions have been extensively tested in severe mental illness populations. These approaches may be beneficial outside of these populations. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, JSTOR, PEDro, OTSeeker, and NIOSHTIC for trials including unemployed people with any condition and including severe mental illness if combined with other co-morbidities or other specific circumstances (e.g., homelessness). We excluded trials where inclusion was based on severe mental illness alone. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias (RoB v2.0) and four reviewers extracted data. We assessed rates of competitive employment as compared to traditional vocational rehabilitation or waiting list/services as usual. Findings: Ten randomised controlled trials (913 participants) were included. Supported employment was more effective than control interventions for improving competitive employment in seven trials: in people with affective disorders [risk ratio (RR) 10.61 (1.49, 75.38)]; mental disorders and justice involvement [RR 4.44 (1.36,14.46)]; veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [RR 2.73 (1.64, 4.54)]; formerly incarcerated veterans [RR 2.17 (1.09, 4.33)]; people receiving methadone treatment [RR 11.5 (1.62, 81.8)]; veterans with spinal cord injury at 12 months [RR 2.46 (1.16, 5.22)] and at 24 months [RR 2.81 (1.98, 7.37)]; and young people not in employment, education, or training [RR 5.90 (1.91–18.19)]. Three trials did not show significant benefits from supported employment: populations of workers with musculoskeletal injuries [RR 1.38 (1.00, 1.89)]; substance abuse [RR 1.85 (0.65, 5.41)]; and formerly homeless people with mental illness [RR 1.55 (0.76, 3.15)]. Supported employment interventions may be beneficial to people from more diverse populations than those with severe mental illness alone. Defining competitive employment and increasing (and standardising) measurement of non-vocational outcomes may help to improve research in this area.

scholarly journals Are “place and train” principles suited to support people with severe mental illness into work? A questionnaire-based survey in a public employment service

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Brinchmann ◽  
Miles Rinaldi ◽  
Elisabeth Sandtorv ◽  
Cathrine Fredriksen Moe ◽  
David McDaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Work Related ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Over Time

Abstract BackgroundIndividual Placement and Support (IPS) has repeatedly been reported to increase employment rates in patients with severe mental illness. Despite this, IPS is only available to a small minority. Translation from evidence to practice is often slow and hindered by a variety of barriers. Barriers include organizational, contextual and attitudinal factors. Despite evidence, many believe that people with severe mental illness are generally dangerous, in need of rest and at risk of harm from work-related stress. Such stigma fosters negative attitudes that may constitute significant barriers to employment for people with mental illness. Employees in the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration hold important gatekeeping positions in relation to the employment schemes that people with mental illness are offered. The aim of this study was to measure the attitudes of these employees towards the core principles of IPS. Secondly, we examine whether attitudes change for Labour and Welfare Administration employees exposed to IPS practice.MethodsA case vignette describing a person with severe mental illness and statements referring to this vignette was developed. The survey was administered to a sample of employees at two different timepoints four years apart. The respondents were asked to indicate their attitudes on a six-point Likert scale between statements in accordance to IPS and statements in accordance with treatment as usual. Independent two tailed samples t-tests were used to analyse differences between responses between employees in municipalities with IPS experience, compared to municipalities without. Multiple linear regressions with attitudes as dependent variable, were used to test if attitudes changed over time, dependent on exposure to IPS.ResultsAttitudes were in general more aligned with IPS than current practice. The region with exposure to IPS was associated with more favorable attitudes (p < .01). The development in attitudes to IPS were minimal over time and did not differ between IPS regions and regions without.ConclusionsAttitudes of statutory Labour and Welfare employees will not be a substantial barrier for implementation of IPS. This is a necessary but not sufficient requirement for IPS implementation.The regional ethics committee approved the study (2012/2239).

Vocational rehabilitation in people with severe mental illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2043-2043
Author(s):  
C. Lauber
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
New Method ◽  
Specific Intervention ◽  
Individual Placement And Support ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Individual Placement

Vocational rehabilitation is an important topic in people with severe mental illness as only about 10–15% have a regular job. This paper will present results of a European multicentre study on a specific intervention of supported employment designed for people with mental illness. This new method is called Individual Placement and Support (IPS). The study found that IPS is much more effective than the traditional vocational rehabilitation. This paper will additionally describe approaches to further develop vocational rehabilitation in people with severe and enduring mental illness.

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