Expressing i think that in Polish

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-253
Author(s):  
Iwona Kokorniak ◽  
Alicja Jajko-Siwek
Keyword(s):  
Formal Semantic ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linguistic Usage

Abstract The paper investigates how four Polish mental predicates, signalling the subject’s of conception thinking process and representing the i think that conceptualisation, differ in usage and what motivates the difference. The verbs’ first person singular present tense forms, in an objective way, signal the speaker’s, i.e. the subject’s of conception, thoughts about the (ir)reality stored in their mind, whereas the content of clause complementation subjectively reveals the object of conception, namely the realm of one’s thoughts. A quantitative corpus-driven analysis implemented in the study presents how formal, semantic and extra-linguistic ‘usage features’ of the complementation interact with the verbs. The findings suggest that the i think that conceptualisation shows linguistic variation in Polish dependent on the temporal realm of the situation described in the complementation, the topic of discourse, and the evaluation of the event described.

First-Person Experiments in Thinking

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renatus Ziegler ◽  
Ulrich Weger
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Mental Contents

Abstract. In psychology, thinking is typically studied in terms of a range of behavioral or physiological parameters, focusing, for instance, on the mental contents or the neuronal correlates of the thinking process proper. In the current article, by contrast, we seek to complement this approach with an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking. These are subtle and elusive and hence easily escape a mode of inquiry that focuses on externally measurable outcomes. We illustrate how a sufficiently trained introspective approach can become a radar for facets of thinking that have found hardly any recognition in the literature so far. We consider this an important complement to third-person research because these introspective observations not only allow for new insights into the nature of thinking proper but also cast other psychological phenomena in a new light, for instance, attention and the self. We outline and discuss our findings and also present a roadmap for the reader interested in studying these phenomena in detail.

Some Tears in Achilles Tatius (Achilles 6.7.3–7)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
First Person ◽  
Achilles Tatius ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind

Another novelist provides in some respects a point in between Chariton and Heliodorus. His elaborate expatiation on tears and the lover put rhythm at the service of an intricate treatment of the mind and body, and a shrewd depiction of amorous self-control and manipulation. The first-person narrative adds a further stratum of sophistication to this handling of the speaker’s rival and enemy. Achilles Tatius demonstrates further, in contrast with Chariton, the range of possibilities for the exploitation of rhythm seen already in the difference of Chariton and Plutarch. Comparison with Heliodorus brings out Achilles’ elegance.

Localizing cross-linguistic variation in Tense systems: On telicity and stativity in Swedish and English

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-70
Author(s):  
Björn Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Romance Languages ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Temporal Interpretation ◽  
Viewpoint Aspect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

It is well known that the aktionsart/lexical aspect of a predicate influences the temporal interpretation and the aspectual marking of a sentence, and also that languages differ with respect to which aktionsart properties feed into the tense-aspect system (see e.g. Bohnemeyer & Swift 2004). In this paper, I try to pin down the exact locus of variation between languages where the stative–dynamic distinction is mainly grammaticized (e.g. English, Saamáka) and languages where the telic–atelic distinction is mainly grammaticized (e.g. Swedish, Chinese and Russian). The focus will be on the differences between English and Swedish, and I will argue that these two languages crucially differ in the nature of Assertion Time (or Topic/Reference Time, Klein 1994, Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria 2000): whereas the assertion time in English is always punctual in imperfective contexts, assertion time in Swedish can extend to include minimal stages of events. The Assertion Time is introduced by a (viewpoint) aspect head that is present in both languages, but not phonologically realized. The difference can thus not be ascribed to the presence or absence of overt tense, aspect or verb morphology, or to a special tense value, as argued in one way or other by, for example, Giorgi & Pianesi (1997), Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria (2000) and Ramchand (2012). Once this factor (i.e. the nature of Assertion Time) has been isolated, it becomes evident that all verbs in English and Swedish, regardless of telicity or dynamicity, can be assigned either a perfective or an imperfective value. Moreover, I will argue that the English progressive–non-progressive (or ‘simple’) distinction is independent of viewpoint aspect (i.e. the perfective– imperfective distinction) made in, for example, the Romance languages.

scholarly journals Simultaneous analyses for simultaneous present

2015 ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Orin Percus ◽  
Oana Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Present Tense

“Simultaneous” uses of the present tense pose a challenge for the position that present tense is essentially indexical. Two kinds of accounts have been given that stay close to this position: on the Tense Deletion account, present tense can get converted into a simple bound variable over times; on the Shifting Indexical account, present tense interacts with a context variable that can get bound below a character-selecting operator. We argue that in fact both of these mechanisms are needed. We specifically argue that a Shifting Indexical approach is useful in accounting for cross-linguistic variation in the use of simultaneous present; our arguments are based on a comparison of English and Romanian data. We suggest moreover that the Romanian data have important consequences for what a Shifting Indexical analysis of present tense should look like.

scholarly journals Student’s thinking to identify concave plane based on Gregorc model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Surya Enjang Krisdiantoro ◽  
Erlina Prihatnani
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Mathematics Knowledge ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Constructing Knowledge

[English]: Mathematics learning should facilitate students' construction of knowledge. In constructing mathematics knowledge, students involve various types of thinking processes and styles. This qualitative research aimed to describe the process of students’ thinking in identifying concave plane based on Gregorc’s model of thinking style. It involved thirty-three 9th-grade students with a different style of thinking. Data were collected through tests, questionnaire, and non-structured interview then descriptively analyzed to reveal students’ thinking process and styles.  The present study found two different thinking styles, namely Sequential Concrete (SC) and Random Abstract (RA) from students who successfully identified the concave plane as a kite. There were different thinking processes in the development of definition, opinion, and conclusions from subjects with different thinking styles. However, the difference in the thinking process from each thinking styles do not hamper students’ success in constructing knowledge. Keywords: Thinking process, Concave place, Thinking style, Gregorc model [Bahasa]: Pembelajaran matematika seharusnya memfasilitasi siswa membangun pengetahuan sendiri. Dalam membangun pengetahuan, siswa melibatkan beragam proses dan gaya berpikir. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir siswa dalam mengidentifikasi bangun datar concave berdasarkan gaya berpikir model Gregorc. Subjek penelitian adalah 33 siswa kelas IX SMP yang memiliki gaya berpikir berbeda. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes, angket, dan wawancara non-terstruktur kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengungkap gaya dan proses berpikir siswa. Penelitian ini menemukan dua gaya berpikir berbeda yaitu Sekuensial Konkret dan Acak Abstrak dari siswa yang berhasil mengidentifikasi bangun datar concavesebagai layang-layang. Terdapat perbedaan proses berpikir dalam pembentukan pengertian, pembentukan pendapat, dan penarikan kesimpulan dari siswa dengan gaya berpikir berbeda. Namun demikan, perbedaan gaya berpikir dari setiap proses berpikir tidak membatasi keberhasilan siswa dalam mengkonstruksi suatu pengetahuan. Kata kunci: Proses berpikir, Gaya berpikir, Bangun concave, Model Gregorc  

SAY-complementizers and indexical shift in Poshkart Chuvash

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Although SAY-complementizers have been extensively documented, the question of the forms used in this function and their specific properties has received less attention. The paper focuses on the complementizer tenine (an action nominalization of SAY), which is used with communicative reception verbs (‘hear’, ‘read’, etc.), in a dialect of Chuvash (Turkic). The main puzzle concerns the difference between tenine and the more general complementizer teze (the same-subject converb of SAY) with respect to the controller of shifted first person (namely, teze, but not tenine, disallows non-subject controllers). An account of this restriction based on three independent language-specific constraints is offered. An alternative account is discussed whereby tenine (and teze) are synchronically non-finite forms of SAY. The findings highlight the importance of the form of the complementizer as well as of the choice of controller for shifted 1st person in SAY-based complementation and extend the typological parameters of indexical shift.

Introduction to the Special Issue on First-Person Methods in HCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Audrey Desjardins ◽  
Oscar Tomico ◽  
Andrés Lucero ◽  
Marta E. Cecchinato ◽  
Carman Neustaedter
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
First Person ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Computer Interaction

In this introduction to the special issue on First-Person Methods in (Human-Computer Interaction) HCI, we present a brief overview of first-person methods, their origin, and their use in Human-Computer Interaction. We also detail the difference between first-person methods, second-person, and third-person methods, as a way to guide the reader when engaging the special issue articles. We articulate our motivation for putting together this special issue: we wanted a collection of works that would allow HCI researchers to develop further, define, and outline practices, techniques and implications of first-person methods. We trace links between the articles in this special issue and conclude with questions and directions for future work in this methodological space: working with boundaries, risk, and accountability.

Knowledge without Observation

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
John Schwenkler
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Action ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
First Person ◽  
Blue Book ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bodily Movements

This chapter discusses the argument of Sections 28–32 of G.E.M. Anscombe’s Intention. It begins by relating Anscombe’s thesis that intentional action is known without observation to Wittgenstein’s discussion in the Blue Book of the knowledge of oneself “as subject” and Anscombe’s discussion in “The First Person” of unmediated self-knowledge. Following this, the chapter explores the difficulties that herself Anscombe raises for her thesis, and considers her reasons for thinking that the scope of an agent’s non-observational self-knowledge is not limited to her interior states or immediate bodily movements. Finally, it considers how the difficulties that Anscombe has raised are supposed to be addressed by her discussion of how descriptions of one’s intentional action can be contradicted, and of the difference between a list that has the role of an order and one whose role is to provide an accurate description of some facts.

The influence of social distance on speech behavior: Formality variation in casual speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Koppen ◽  
Mirjam Ernestus ◽  
Margot van Mulken
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Explicit Information ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Casual Speech ◽  
Subjective Meanings

AbstractAn important dimension of linguistic variation is formality. This study investigates the role of social distance between interlocutors. Twenty-five native Dutch speakers retold eight short films to confederates, who acted either formally or informally. Speakers were familiarized with the informal confederates, whereas the formal confederates remained strangers. Results show that the two types of interlocutors elicited different versions of the same stories. Formal interlocutors (i. e. large social distance) elicited lower articulation rates, and more nouns and prepositions, both indicators of explicit information. Speakers addressing the informal interlocutors, to whom social distance was small, however, provided more explicit information with an involved character (i. e. adjectives with subjective meanings). They also used the wordandmore often as a gap filler or as a way to keep the floor. Furthermore, a small social distance elicited more laughter, interjections, first-person pronouns and direct speech, which are all indicators of involvement, empathy and subjectivity.

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