Exploring source/goal asymmetries in spontaneous and caused motion expression in Yuhup

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Ospina-Bozzi ◽  
Caterine Cita-Triana
Keyword(s):  
Motion Events ◽  
Structural Variety ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The One ◽  
Nominal Morphology ◽  
Specialized System ◽  
Spontaneous Motion

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the asymmetry in the expression of Goal and Source in spontaneous and caused motion events in Yuhup (Makú/Naduhup family). We examine the asymmetries at the semantic, morphological and syntactic levels. As this language does not have a specialized system of nominal morphology that distinguishes the ground constituents representing the Source or the Goal of a movement, an asymmetrical treatment of Source and Goal is not evident. However, verbal semantics make more distinctions for Goal than for Source, ground constituents are more frequent in the expression of motion to(wards) the Goal than the one (away) from the Source, and structural variety and complexity differentiate between Source and Goal expression. Also, the Goal bias is stronger in the descriptions of caused motion than in the ones of spontaneous motion. The data were collected using tools designed for elicitation of spontaneous and caused motion events.

Typological shift in lexicalizing motion events: The case of Wenzhou

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxia Lin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chinese Dialect ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Motion Verb ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Modern Standard

AbstractTypological shift in lexicalizing motion events has hitherto been observed cross-linguistically. While over time, Chinese has shown a shift from a dominantly verb-framed language in Old Chinese to a strongly satellite-framed language in Modern Standard Mandarin, this study presents the Chinese dialect Wenzhou, which has taken a step further than Standard Mandarin and other Chinese dialects in becoming a thoroughly satellite-framed language. On the one hand, Wenzhou strongly disfavors the verb-framed pattern. Wenzhou not only has no prototypical path verbs, but also its path satellites are highly deverbalized. On the other hand, Wenzhou strongly prefers the satellite-framed pattern, to the extent that it very frequently adopts a neutral motion verb to head motion expressions so that path can be expressed via satellites and the satellite-framed pattern can be syntactically maintained. The findings of this study are of interest to intra-linguistic, diachronic and cross-linguistic studies of the variation in encoding motion events.

Asymmetries in Path expression in Ye’kwana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cáceres Arandia
Keyword(s):  
Motion Events ◽  
Path Expression ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Spontaneous Motion

Abstract Ye’kwana is an Amazonian language of the Cariban family spoken by a group of about 8,700 people in Venezuela and Brazil. This paper explores the expression of Path in spontaneous motion events based on spoken data collected for the documentation and description of the language including data collected with the Trajectoire elicitation material (Ishibashi et al. 2006). In Ye’kwana, Path is mainly expressed by postpositional and adverbial stems: there is a rich inventory of 80 postpositions all compatible with locative and either allative or perlative uses and 29 spatial adverbs, most of deictic nature. Source is expressed with a dedicated suffix (-nno) which combines with almost all the spatial postpositions and adverbs. The data show that the asymmetries in the expression of Path are not only found between Source and Goal but also need to include the expression of Medium for which the language has dedicated forms.

scholarly journals A hybrid type of ellipsis in Romanian

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The One

The paper presents a type of ellipsis similar to stripping and split conjuncts, yet irreducible to either of them. One aim of the analysis is to document the existence of this distinct ellipsis type within the class of constructions where the elided constituent is a verb or a verb phrase. It is argued that the main generative strategies, namely, deletion and null anaphora cannot be applied to this ellipsis type in order to account for it. Instead, the study shows that an approach which takes the asymmetry syntax-semantics of this construction as basic is much more successful in explaining the nature of this type of ellipsis. This alternative approach is the one offered by the HPSG framework.

Expression of spontaneous motion events in Stieng

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noëllie Bon
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spontaneous Motion

Abstract This study investigates the expression of Source and Goal in spontaneous motion events in Stieng (Cambodia, Vietnam). The analysis is based on data collected in Cambodia, using the Trajectoire video kit (Ishibashi et al. 2006). Regardless the type of Ground, Stieng data includes a wide range of constructions in describing motion events, combining lexical and grammatical tools (verbs and adnominals). While morphosyntactic resources available to express Source and Goal are formally similar, Stieng data shows that the Goal tends to be privileged compared to the Source, at the semantic, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels. However, Source and Goal tend to be symmetrical with respect to the semantic distinctions of the verbs, and potential (a)symmetries with respect to the discourse level remain to be clarified. Instances of asymmetries in favor of the Goal tend to support previous studies that postulated a tendency for languages to privilege the Goal in the linguistic expression.

Links between Theory of Mind and Executive Function: Towards a More Comprehensive Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Putko
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The One ◽  
Reciprocal Influences ◽  
And Training

Links between Theory of Mind and Executive Function: Towards a More Comprehensive Model This paper addresses the problem of relationships between the development of theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF). An overview of empirical findings leads to the conclusion that the complex picture of the relations between EF and ToM development may result from the intertwining of different types and levels of reciprocal influences. It is, on the one hand, the level of emergence-type vs. expressive-type influences, and, on the other hand, direct vs. indirect ones. Data from longitudinal and training studies suggest the asymmetry of reciprocal influences between EF and ToM, with the stronger impact of EF on ToM development, which supports the view that EF is a prerequisite of ToM development. A model is proposed that explains how different EF and ToM skills are involved in the specific types and levels of influences. The issue of disentangling in the analysis the different types of reciprocal impacts is also discussed.

scholarly journals The Manner Result Complementarity and the Lexicalization Pattern of Chinese Motion Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Lei Qiu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Directed Motion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Complementarity Hypothesis ◽  
The One ◽  
Basic Motion

Rappaport Hovav and Levin (1998, 2010) propose manner/result complementarity hypothesis (MRC), i.e. verbs can not lexicalize manner and result simultaneously at a time. As to the encoding of motion events, Levin et al. (2009) also claim that manner of motion verbs across languages simply lexicalize manner and no direction is entailed. However, three basic motion verbs in Chinese--zǒu ‘walk’, pǎo ‘run’ and fēi ‘fly’, which are regarded as prototypical manner of motion verbs but also seem to lexicalize directed motion when used in some constructions. Then questions arise: do these verbs lexicalize direction of motion and are they counterexamples of the MRC? Based on evidence gained from a series of linguistic tests, this study argues that on the one hand different from views of Levin et al. (2009), the three manner of motion verbs can indeed lexicalize directed motion, but on the other hand they never encode the manner and direction of motion simultaneously and thus they are not counterexamples of the MRC. The fact that manner of motion verbs exhibiting similar lexicalization pattern can also be found in other languages indicates that the prototypical manner encoded in these verbs may be the conceptual condition for the special lexicalization pattern.

Perceptual Capacities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Schellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The One

Perception is constitutively a matter of discriminating and singling out particulars by employing perceptual capacities. To be a perceiver is to possess such capacities, to perceive is to employ them, and employing them constitutes perceptual states. What are perceptual capacities? Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and developmental psychology, Chapter 2 develops an account of perceptual capacities. It includes an analysis of their function, their individuation and possession conditions, their physical and informational base, as well as their repeatability, fallibility, and the asymmetry of their employment in perception, on the one hand, and hallucination and illusion, on the other. In providing this analysis, the chapter gives an account of the general elements of perception.

An X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Aging Reaction in Two Austenitic Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 434-446
Author(s):  
J. K. Abraham ◽  
T. L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Niobium Alloys ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The One

AbstractAging processes exhibiting cluster to precipitate transitions were studied in polycrystalline line austenitic iron-base alloys with a Siemens' Guinier camera. This camera combines the Seemann-Bohlin focusing geometry with a curved-crystal monochromator arid thus maximizes the resolution of observed sidebands and the weak precipitate lines. Growth studies encompassing a cluster-size range of 15 to 70 unit cells were followed. For the systems of interest, this coincided with a variation from detectable hardness increase to a stage of maximum hardness immediately preceding precipitation, Cluster sizes were calculated on the basis of the Guinier model; variation with time and temperature permitted calculations of an apparent activation energy in the one system where decomposition was spontaneous. An iron-nickeltitanium alloy was used to study aging in a ternary system. Behavior was classic in that the cluster size present on quenching grew with aging coincident with a simultaneous hardness increase. Calculation of activation energies indicated strongly that transportation of nickel to, or iron from, the cluster was rate determining. Upon overaging, the nickel-titanium enriched clusters gave way to the hexagonal Ni2Ti phase. An iron-nickel-chromium-niobium quaternary, in addition to presenting a clustering system similar to the above ternary, showed two rather interesting phenomena. First, chromium was necessary for precipitation; the ternary ironnickel-niobium did not age. Secondly, a stable Pe2Nb Laves phase present upon quenching from 2200°F disappeared on aging in favor of nickel-niobium clusters; an incubation time for the formation of these clusters existed, and its duration was about 4 hr. An asymmetry was noted in the diffraction intensities about the (311)γ line in both systems. In the iron-nickel-titanium case, the asymmetry was only in intensity, whereas, with the iron-nickel-chromium-niobium alloys, the asymmetry existed in both intensity and position. Interpretation of these observations is made on the basis of anticipated variations in scattering factors, lattice spacings, and cluster sizes.

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