Expression of spontaneous motion events in Stieng

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noëllie Bon
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spontaneous Motion

Abstract This study investigates the expression of Source and Goal in spontaneous motion events in Stieng (Cambodia, Vietnam). The analysis is based on data collected in Cambodia, using the Trajectoire video kit (Ishibashi et al. 2006). Regardless the type of Ground, Stieng data includes a wide range of constructions in describing motion events, combining lexical and grammatical tools (verbs and adnominals). While morphosyntactic resources available to express Source and Goal are formally similar, Stieng data shows that the Goal tends to be privileged compared to the Source, at the semantic, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels. However, Source and Goal tend to be symmetrical with respect to the semantic distinctions of the verbs, and potential (a)symmetries with respect to the discourse level remain to be clarified. Instances of asymmetries in favor of the Goal tend to support previous studies that postulated a tendency for languages to privilege the Goal in the linguistic expression.

Asymmetries in Path expression in Ye’kwana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cáceres Arandia
Keyword(s):  
Motion Events ◽  
Path Expression ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Spontaneous Motion

Abstract Ye’kwana is an Amazonian language of the Cariban family spoken by a group of about 8,700 people in Venezuela and Brazil. This paper explores the expression of Path in spontaneous motion events based on spoken data collected for the documentation and description of the language including data collected with the Trajectoire elicitation material (Ishibashi et al. 2006). In Ye’kwana, Path is mainly expressed by postpositional and adverbial stems: there is a rich inventory of 80 postpositions all compatible with locative and either allative or perlative uses and 29 spatial adverbs, most of deictic nature. Source is expressed with a dedicated suffix (-nno) which combines with almost all the spatial postpositions and adverbs. The data show that the asymmetries in the expression of Path are not only found between Source and Goal but also need to include the expression of Medium for which the language has dedicated forms.

scholarly journals Manner of motion, evaluative and pluractional morphology

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Stosic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Complete Survey

Several works inspired by Talmy’s typology provided a very complete survey and description of various kinds of linguistic elements and strategies across languages for expressing two basic components of motion events: path and manner. This research has mainly focused on lexical and syntactic means of expressing path and manner and how these elements are combined in a single clause. Morphological means are mentioned when talking about encoding the path of motion but hardly ever when studying the expression of manner. This article shows that some languages widely use many affixational and non-affixational processes of “evaluative” and “pluractional” morphology to express manner (e.g., Serbian "leteti" ‘to fly’ > "letuckati" ‘to flutter’, Zoque "wit" ‘to walk’ > "witwitnay" ‘to walk aimlessly’). This research mainly focuses on data from Serbian, but also offers a comparative perspective to highlight the widespread use of such morphological means in encoding manner. It pays particular attention to the role of morphology in the linguistic expression of manner in the semantic domain of motion.

scholarly journals A Lexicographic Description of the Concept “Anger”

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Y.V. Yarovikova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Further Development

The paper seeks to outline the content of the concept “anger” as it is represented both in print and online lexicographic resources. The study is based upon the data gained directly from mono- and bilingual thesauruses, dictionaries of etymology, phraseology and idioms. The subject of the study is the semantic structure of the lexeme “anger” that names the corresponding concept in the English language. Etymological, definitional and contextual analyses revealed the lexeme’s diachronic transformations that underlie its semantics in Modern English. The data obtained in the analyses also contributed to identifying a wide range of usual cognitive characteristics that constitute the notional component of the concept. The choice of this issue is determined primarily by linguists’ continuing interest in representing a person’s interior by language means. The findings of the study make a contribution to the further development of issues relating to the linguistic expression of the human inner world in Modern Germanic languages from linguocognitive and anthropological perspectives.

Exploring source/goal asymmetries in spontaneous and caused motion expression in Yuhup

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Ospina-Bozzi ◽  
Caterine Cita-Triana
Keyword(s):  
Motion Events ◽  
Structural Variety ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The One ◽  
Nominal Morphology ◽  
Specialized System ◽  
Spontaneous Motion

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the asymmetry in the expression of Goal and Source in spontaneous and caused motion events in Yuhup (Makú/Naduhup family). We examine the asymmetries at the semantic, morphological and syntactic levels. As this language does not have a specialized system of nominal morphology that distinguishes the ground constituents representing the Source or the Goal of a movement, an asymmetrical treatment of Source and Goal is not evident. However, verbal semantics make more distinctions for Goal than for Source, ground constituents are more frequent in the expression of motion to(wards) the Goal than the one (away) from the Source, and structural variety and complexity differentiate between Source and Goal expression. Also, the Goal bias is stronger in the descriptions of caused motion than in the ones of spontaneous motion. The data were collected using tools designed for elicitation of spontaneous and caused motion events.

scholarly journals Manners of human gait: a crosslinguistic event-naming study

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan I. Slobin ◽  
Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano ◽  
Anetta Kopecka ◽  
Asifa Majid
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Picture Description

AbstractCrosslinguistic studies of expressions of motion events have found that Talmy's binary typology of verb-framed and satellite-framed languages is reflected in language use. In particular, Manner of motion is relatively more elaborated in satellite-framed languages (e.g., in narrative, picture description, conversation, translation). The present research builds on previous controlled studies of the domain of human motion by eliciting descriptions of a wide range of manners of walking and running filmed in natural circumstances. Descriptions were elicited from speakers of two satellite-framed languages (English, Polish) and three verb-framed languages (French, Spanish, Basque). The sampling of events in this study resulted in four major semantic clusters for these five languages: walking, running, non-canonical gaits (divided into bounce-and-recoil and syncopated movements), and quadrupedal movement (crawling). Counts of verb types found a broad tendency for satellite-framed languages to show greater lexical diversity, along with substantial within group variation. Going beyond most earlier studies, we also examined extended descriptions of manner of movement, isolating types of manner. The following categories of manner were identified and compared: attitude of actor, rate, effort, posture, and motor patterns of legs and feet. Satellite-framed speakers tended to elaborate expressive manner verbs, whereas verb-framed speakers used modification to add manner to neutral motion verbs.

The semantics of the English and the Spanish motion verb lexicons

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cifuentes-Férez
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Account ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Motion Verb ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Motion Event Descriptions

Talmy’s (e.g., 1985, 2000) seminal work has engendered a great deal of research and debate in the literature on motion event descriptions over the last decades. Despite the vast amount of research on the linguistic expression of motion events, the fact that motion verb roots might encode information apart from Path and Manner of motion is often overlooked. The present paper addresses the semantics of 376 English and 257 Spanish motion verbs by exploring the general conflations which are conveyed by these verbs. In this regard, both crosslinguistic similarities and differences will be pointed out. My research concludes that path-conflating and manner-conflating verbs amount to the largest part of their lexicons but that other minor patterns such as ground conflations, in contradiction to Talmy’s speculations on the lack of ground-conflating verbs, are present as well. Taken as a whole, this paper provides a rich and detailed account on the semantic nature of the English and the Spanish motion verb lexicons, and emerges as a helpful reference for researchers in this field.

Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document