Our efforts are concentrated on quantifying spatial variability for tree vigor, yield, fruit quality, and profit. We use aerial photography to quantify tree vigor. For mechanically harvested hazelnuts, a prototype weight based yield monitor has been evaluated. This approach may also work for quantifying yield in mechanically harvested sweet cherries. For perishable hand-harvested crops, the GPS locations for individual bar-coded bins can be used to calculate bin density and estimate yield. Bar codes can also be used to track quality in the packing-house. Since profit depends on yield, size, and packout, it is not always intuitively obvious which areas of an orchard are most profitable. Defining which areas are most profitable, and identifying the problems associated with low-profit areas (poor yield, small size, storage loss, bruising, culls, etc) is an important step. Identifying areas producing fruit that stores poorly is a high priority. An evaluation of low- and high-profit areas may lead to alternate management plans. Anything from investing in more supervision of harvest labor and initiating different pruning regimes to attempts to obtain more uniform tree vigor can be evaluated. By delineating test areas with GPS boundaries, profit data in future years can quantify the success of different management approaches. For example, concentrating expensive inputs on the portion of trees (30% of total) that may produce the majority of gross returns, while not even harvesting fruit from regions (1% to 5% of total) that consistently produce poor quality fruit may be a sound strategy.
Size Exclusion Chromatographic Cleanup for GC/MS Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Household and Vehicle Dust
