scholarly journals Particle Film Application Influences Apple Leaf Physiology, Fruit Yield, and Fruit Quality

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Glenn ◽  
Gary J. Puterka ◽  
Stephen R. Drake ◽  
Thomas R. Unruh ◽  
Allen L. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Fruit

Particle film technology is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and York Springs, Pa., Wenatchee and Yakima, Wash., and Kearneysville, W. Va., to evaluate the effect of particle treatments on apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh) Manst.] leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Leaf carbon assimilation was increased and canopy temperatures were reduced by particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. Yield and/or fruit weight was increased by the particle treatments in seven of the eight trials. In Santiago and Kearneysville, a* values of the fruit surface were more positive in all trials although a* values were not increased in Wenatchee and Yakima. Results indicate that particle film technology is an effective tool in reducing heat stress in apple trees that may result in increased yield potential and quality.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LOW VIGOUR ROOTSTOCKS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING PROCESS OF ‘REGINA’ CULTIVAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Mirela Calinescu ◽  
◽  
Ivona Mazilu ◽  
Emil Chitu ◽  
Madalina Butac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Gisela 5

The aim of this paper was to study the influence of low vigor rootstocks on the 'Regina' cherry cultivar. The study was conducted at Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Arges county, Romania between 2019 and 2021. A bifactorial experiment was set up, with A factor-the rootstock ('Gisela 3', 'Gisela 5', 'Gisela 12' and 'Weigi 2') and B factor-the study year (2019, 2020 and 2021). Fruiting and vegetative growth data (fruit production, the trunck cross-section area-TCSA, the annual increase of TCSA, the productivity index and the ratio between the fruit production and the annual increase of TCSA), as well as fruit quality data (fruit mass, firmness, pH, total soluble content, chromatic coordinates of epicarp color and chlorophyll fluorescence) were collected. 'Gisela 5' rootstock recorded the highest value of TCSA annual increase (11.46 kg/cm2) and had also the highest cromatic coordinates values: colour brightness (25.68), red pigment (15.61) and yellow content (4.12).The highest vigor of the cultivar 'Regina' was observed in 'Weigi 2' rootstock variant (with an TCSA value of 44.71 cm2), given that 'Weigi 2' TCSA annual increase was similar to 'Gisela 5'. 'Gisela 3' rootstock stood out for its fruit highest pH (3.97), fruit yield (13.51 t/ha), lowest vigor (TCSA=24.19 cm2), smallest annual TCSA increase (6.11 cm2), highest productivity index 0.219 kg/cm2) and highest fruit production to annual TCSA increase ratio (1.79 kg/cm2). Taking into account climatic accidents that marked the spring of 2021, on the average of the study years, the cultivar 'Regina' grafted on the rootstock 'Gisela 12' was distinguished by fruit weight (10.02 g), firmness (66.53 units HPE Bareiss) and TSS (16.03°Brix) on the background of the lowest fruit yield. A negative very signifficant correlation between fruit yield and fruit quality traits (weight, firmness and total soluble solids) was found.

scholarly journals A Reflective, Processed-Kaolin Particle Film Affects Fruit Temperature, Radiation Reflection, and Solar Injury in Apple

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michael Glenn ◽  
Ernesto Prado ◽  
Amnon Erez ◽  
James McFerson ◽  
Gary J. Puterka
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Temperature Radiation ◽  
Fruit Surface

Particle film technology is a new tool for tree fruit production systems. Trials were performed in Santiago, Chile, and Washington and West Virginia to evaluate the effect of particle film treatments on apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit temperature and the incidence of solar injury. Fruit surface temperature was reduced by the application of reflective particles and the amount of temperature reduction was proportional to the amount of particle residue on the fruit surface. Effective solar injury suppression was achieved with spray applications of 45 to 56 kg·ha-1 of a reflective, processed-kaolin particle film material in concentrations ranging from 3% to 12% in some of the locations. The timing of application to suppress solar injury was not clearly defined. The processed-kaolin particle film material was highly reflective to the ultraviolet wavelengths and this characteristic may be important in reducing solar injury to both fruit and leaves.

LEAF ION CONTENT, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF FIELD-GROWN MELON UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMOUD AKRAMI ◽  
AHMAD ARZANI ◽  
ZAHRA MAJNOUN
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

SUMMARYOur knowledge of melon (Cucumis melo L.) response to salinity stress is limited under field conditions and then the genotype × environment interaction and heritability of agro-morphological traits are poor understood. A field trial (2014/2015) was carried out to evaluate the performance of 17 melon cultivars, including 16 native and one exotic (Galia), under salinity stress. Leaf ion concentrations, agronomic, morphological and fruit quality traits were evaluated and their heritabilities were estimated. The results showed significant effects of salinity stress and genotype on the studied traits except for days to anthesis and peel thickness. Salinity stress also caused significant reductions in fruit weight and leaf K+ concentration, while increasing leaf Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations and total soluble solids. The most salt-tolerant cultivars (‘Sabouni’ and ‘Shahabadi-1’) had higher fruit yield, low leaf Na+ and high leaf K+ concentrations and enhanced K+/Na+ ratio under stress conditions. In general, the heritability estimates were higher under control than under salinity conditions, and the highest heritability was observed for total soluble solids. In addition, fruit weight, number of fruit per plant and leaf Na+ concentration were the strongest predictors of fruit yield, explaining 92% of yield variation under salt stress. These observations suggest that indirect selection based on these traits would be effective in improving fruit production under saline conditions.

Hydrophobic Particle Films Improve Tree Fruit Productivity

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 548a-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
G. Puterka ◽  
T. Baugher ◽  
T. Unruh ◽  
S. Drake
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Hydrophobic Particle

Hydrophobic particle film technology (HPF) is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Studies were established in Chile, and Washington, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia in the United States, to evaluate the effect of HPF technology on tree fruit yield and quality. Studies in Chile, Washington, and West Virginia demonstrated increased photosynthetic rate at the leaf level. Yield was increased in peaches (Chile) and apples (West Virginia), and fruit size was increased in apples (Washington and Pennsylvania). Increased red color in apple was demonstrated at all sites with reduced russetting and `Stayman' cracking in Pennsylvania. HPF technology appears to be an effective tool in reducing water and heat stress in tree fruit resulting in increased fruit quality.

scholarly journals Fruit production and quality of mini-watermelon with different number of stems, in troughs cultivation system and substrate reuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-486
Author(s):  
Josiéle Garcia Dutra ◽  
◽  
Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil ◽  
Tatiana da Silva Duarte ◽  
Cesar Valmor Rombaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The One

Substrate-filled pots are growing systems commonly used for vegetable farming. However, few are the studies available relating them to mini-watermelon cultivation. Our study presents a growing system using substrate-filled troughs and leachate recirculation as a low-cost and less environmentally harmful soilless cultivation system for mini-watermelons. For a growing system to be viable and provide high fruit yield and quality, several aspects must be studied, including substrate physical properties and reuse potential in successive crops, besides plant management-related aspects. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the effects of a trough system and substrate reuse on changes in the properties of raw rice husk and on fruit yield and quality for mini-watermelons at different stem training. To this purpose, two trials were conducted using nutrient solution recirculation systems. In the first, we evaluated the effects of pot and trough systems. In the second, first- and second-use substrates were compared in the trough system. In both trials, one and two-stem training systems were analyzed. The results of the first trial show that the trough system had a greater positive impact on substrate water holding capacity (WHC), which increased from 7.9 to 15.6%, while the pots increased substrate WHC only to 11.2%. However, both systems neither affected fruit yield (8 kg/m² on average) nor fruit quality. The two-stem training promoted higher fruit yields (4.2 kg/plant) and contents of total soluble solids - TSS (11.4 °Brix) but did not affect average fruit weight. Moreover, the one-stem training provided higher fruit number (7.3 fruits/m²) and fruit yield (9.7 kg/m²). In the second trial, the reused substrate showed a higher WHC (12.4%) than the one used for the first time (9.9%). The reused substrate also provided better results in terms of fruit yield and quality (5.9 fruits/m², 5.3 kg/m², and 10.5o Brix). In the second trial, two-stem training also increased average fruit weight, and hence yields per plant. Nevertheless, the stem number did not affect fruit number per plant, fruit yield per square meter, and fruit quality.

scholarly journals The risk for insufficient chill accumulation: a climate change perspective for apple and cherry production in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Noorazar ◽  
Lee Kalcsits ◽  
Vincent P. Jones ◽  
Matthew S. Jones ◽  
Kirti Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Production Risks

AbstractWinter chill accumulation is critical for the productivity and profitability of perennial tree fruit production systems. Several studies have quantified the impacts of global warming on risks of insufficient chill accumulation in the warmer tree fruit and nut production regions of the United States (US), such as the Southeast and California, where these risks are currently prevalent. In this work, we focus on the Pacific Northwest US – the largest production area in the US for apples, pears and cherries – and quantify the potential risk of insufficient chill accumulation. Our results highlight large spatial variations in response within the PNW, with northern areas projected to have reduced risks and southern areas projected to have increased risks. In the southern areas, rather than chill accumulation in and of itself, it is the combination of reduced and delayed chill accumulation with likely advancement in spring phenology that lead to production risks. In spite of future reductions to chill accumulation, risks of insufficient chill accumulation seem limited for apple even with advancement of spring phenology. Under the extreme “no climate policy” RCP 8.5 climate projections, the production risks are significant for early blooming crops (e.g. cherries) and varieties with relatively high chill portions requirements (e.g. Sam cherries), necessitating planning for management strategies such as frost protection and chemical management of budbreak to address potential risks which have not historically been a concern in the region. Under less extreme warming outcomes, the PNW tree fruit production systems are likely to remain resilient. Given that the convergence of the fulfillment of chilling requirements and environmental conditions promoting budbreak is where potential risk to perennial tree fruit production exists, future work should focus on understanding, modelling and projecting responses within this convergence space. Additionally, given significant spatial differences across a relatively small geographic range, it is also critical to understand and model these dynamics at a local landscape resolution for regions such as the PNW that faced limited risk historically, but could be exposed to new risks under a warming climate.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Tomato Limited Cluster Production Systems: Crop Management Practices Affect Yield

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan S. Logendra ◽  
Thomas J. Gianfagna ◽  
David R. Specca ◽  
Harry W. Janes
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Single Cluster

Limited-cluster production systems may be a useful strategy to increase crop production and profitability for the greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). In this study, using an ebb-and-flood hydroponics system, we modified plant architecture and spacing and determined the effects on fruit yield and harvest index at two light levels. Single-cluster plants pruned to allow two leaves above the cluster had 25% higher fruit yields than did plants pruned directly above the cluster; this was due to an increase in fruit weight, not fruit number. Both fruit yield and harvest index were greater for all single-cluster plants at the higher light level because of increases in both fruit weight and fruit number. Fruit yield for two-cluster plants was 30% to 40% higher than for singlecluster plants, and there was little difference in the dates or length of the harvest period. Fruit yield for three-cluster plants was not significantly different from that of two-cluster plants; moreover, the harvest period was delayed by 5 days. Plant density (5.5, 7.4, 9.2 plants/m2) affected fruit yield/plant, but not fruit yield/unit area. Given the higher costs for materials and labor associated with higher plant densities, a two-cluster crop at 5.5 plants/m2 with two leaves above the cluster was the best of the production system strategies tested.

scholarly journals Effect of a nanotechnology-based foliar fertilizer on the yield and fruit quality in an apple orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Csihon ◽  
I. Gonda ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
The Third

Nutrient management is a determining element of the technology in fruit production. Significance of foliar fertilization has been increased continuously over the last years, as it can improve directly the vegetative and generative performance of the trees. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of a nanotechnology-based foliar fertilizer (Bistep) with 1, 3, and 5 l/ha dosages on the yield and fruit quality parameters in an apple orchard during 2016 and 2018. According to our results, crop load increased with 29% in the third year of the experiment with the application of 5 l/ha Bistep treatment compared to the control treatments. Fruit weight was also improved in each year, as values of fruit weight in all treatments were higher than the control one (3.0-13.0% growth). Fruit surface color increased with 2-18% due to the foliar fertilizer. During the three years, leaf length was 9.5-9.9 mm on the control trees, as 9.8-10.4 mm was measured on the fertilized ones. In conclusion, yield and fruit quality can be improved in apple orchard using a nanotechnology-based foliar fertilizer.

scholarly journals YIELDS AND FRUIT PRODUCTION PATTERNS OF ELEVEN EGGPLANT CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 515C-515
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Black Beauty ◽  
Over Time

Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) were grown from transplants in a field study at Bixby, Okla., in 2005. Plants were harvested twice a week for 7 weeks. Data were taken from 3 individual plants per plot × 11 cultivars × 3 replications. The open-pollinated `Black Beauty' was inferior to the hybrids for yield and fruit quality. Patterns of cumulative percent marketable fruit number did not differ for 3 of the 4 cultivars producing the numerically highest (not always statistically highest) marketable fruit weights per plant (`Classic', `Nadia', and `Santana'). `Dusky' was the exception; fruit number peaked relatively early, but it still totaled among the highest for marketable fruit weight per plant. This might be considered an efficient fruiting pattern. Apart from `Dusky', a relatively high cumulative percent marketable fruit number throughout the season tended to be associated with an intermediate to low marketable fruit weight per plant. Two factors usually were responsible for this pattern: relatively low average marketable fruit weight, or high cull production. Despite significant differences in individual marketable fruiting patterns and average fruit weights, one relatively simple curvilinear model gave an excellent estimation of total and marketable eggplant fruit production (respectively) over time. The model was pct = 1/(1+exp(-(a+b*day))), where pct = estimated cumulative percent based on number of fruit, a = intercept, and b = slope.

scholarly journals Modified Off–Season Technology to the Flowering Time and Fruit Yield of Arumanis Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00045
Author(s):  
Syarif Husen ◽  
Erny Ishartati ◽  
Muhidin Muhidin ◽  
Devi Dwi Siskawardani ◽  
Anjar Rizky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Weight Yield

The purpose of this study was to observe the technology of mango fruit production at off-season used growth regulators. The research was conducted with three treatments namely: i) Paclobutrazol dosage (control, 5 mL L–1 per tree, 10 mL L–1 per tree and 15 L–1 per tree). ii) Ethephon dosages (0 mL L-1 per tree, 400 mL L–1 per tree, 600 mL L–1 per tree and 800 mL L–1 per tree) that applied 1 mo after paclobutrazol addition. iii) Paclobutrazol (P) and organic fertilizer (F) application in combination as follows: (control, 5 mL + 10 kg, 10 mL + 15 kg, 15 mL + 20 kg) Randomized Completely Block Designed (RCBD) with five replications was used. The results indicated that i) Paclobutrazol application accelerated the flowering age, shortens the panicle length, and increased fruit yield of the tree. ii) Giving Ethephon accelerated the flowering period, enhanced both the panicles number and yields. The treatment of ethephones 600 mL L–1 produced the highest fruit weight, 182.60 kg, respectively iii) The Paclobutrazol and organic fertilizer application indicated significantly (p < 0.05) to the panicles number and the fruit weight yield is higher than the control.

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