Epidemiology of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections.

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Maria Pieters ◽  
Alyssa Betlach ◽  
Heiko Nathues ◽  
Dominiek Maes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Infection Dynamics

Abstract This chapter focused on the aspects related to prevalence, infection dynamics, transmission, risk factors, and distribution of M. hyopneumoniae.

scholarly journals Infection dynamics and persistence of hepatitis E virus on pig farms – a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meester ◽  
T. J. Tobias ◽  
M. Bouwknegt ◽  
N. E. Kusters ◽  
J. A. Stegeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 and 4 is a zoonosis that causes hepatitis in humans. Humans can become infected by consumption of pork or contact with pigs. Pigs are the main reservoir of the virus worldwide and the virus is present on most pig farms. Main body Though HEV is present on most farms, the proportion of infected pigs at slaughter and thus the level of exposure to consumers differs between farms and countries. Understanding the cause of that difference is necessary to install effective measures to lower HEV in pigs at slaughter. Here, HEV studies are reviewed that include infection dynamics of HEV in pigs and on farms, risk factors for HEV farm prevalence, and that describe mechanisms and sources that could generate persistence on farms. Most pigs become infected after maternal immunity has waned, at the end of the nursing or beginning of the fattening phase. Risk factors increasing the likelihood of a high farm prevalence or proportion of actively infected slaughter pigs comprise of factors such as farm demographics, internal and external biosecurity and immunomodulating coinfections. On-farm persistence of HEV is plausible, because of a high transmission rate and a constant influx of susceptible pigs. Environmental sources of HEV that enhance persistence are contaminated manure storages, water and fomites. Conclusion As HEV is persistently present on most pig farms, current risk mitigation should focus on lowering transmission within farms, especially between farm compartments. Yet, one should be aware of the paradox of increasing the proportion of actively infected pigs at slaughter by reducing transmission insufficiently. Vaccination of pigs may aid HEV control in the future.

Exploratory study on the influence of climatological parameters on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection dynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Segalés ◽  
Oliver Valero ◽  
Anna Espinal ◽  
Sergio López-Soria ◽  
Miquel Nofrarías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Infection Dynamics

Infection dynamics and genetic variability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in self-replacement gilts

2017 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine L. Takeuti ◽  
David E.S.N. de Barcellos ◽  
Caroline P. de Andrade ◽  
Laura L. de Almeida ◽  
Maria Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Infection Dynamics

scholarly journals HEPATITIS B AND C: FREQUENCY, MODES OF TRANSMISSION AND RISK FACTORS ALONG WITH SOME UNORTHODOX ROUTES OF SPREAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Haider Naqvi ◽  
Abu Talib ◽  
Gohar Baloch ◽  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Zahid Qadari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Leech Therapy ◽  
Ear Piercing

Background: Pakistan's being a country placed in intermediate endemicity zone of HBV and HCV, with rising population, there is lack scarcity of knowledge about transmission of risk factors specially unorthodox and frequency of this health challenge. Methods: A retrospective case control study where case records of all patients aged from 18 - 70 years from 2012 to 2017 with either gender diagnosed as chronic hepatitis B and C were included. Information about shave from barber-shop, sharing of toothbrush at home, tattooing, cautery, and ear piercing were collected. Information about unorthodox risks for transmission of HBV and HCV, like skin branding, cupping of blood, circumcision by the barber, sharing of tooth brushes and leech therapy was collected. Results: Among 1134 patients of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C (HCV), Age > 35 years, shave from barber and dental treatment were found to be risk factor for both HCV and HBV transmission. Amongst unorthodox risk factors like skin branding, cupping of blood, circumcision by the barber, sharing of tooth brushes and leech therapy, only cupping of blood (Hijama) was a significant risk for transmission of both HBV and HCV. Conclusion: Viral related chronic hepatitis is frequently reported problem in this part of the world where HCV supersedes HBV. Socieodemographic factor like age > 35 year, shave from barbers and dental treatment were risk factors for transmission of both HCV and HBV. Among orthodox routes of transmission blood cupping (hijama) has shown as a significant transmission risk for both HCV and HBV.

scholarly journals INDIKATOR ENTOMOLOGI DAN RISIKO PENULARAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI PULAU JAWA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Wiwik Trapsilowati, SKM, M.Kes ◽  
Yusnita Mirna Anggraeni ◽  
Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽  
Aryani Pujiyanti ◽  
Triwibowo Ambar Garjito
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Potential Region ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Surveillance Method ◽  
Distribution Vector ◽  
Free Rate

One of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) transmission risk factors is presence of vectors, especially Aedes aegypti. Vector surveillance is carried out to determine vectors distribution, vector density and risk of transmission. The larva survey is a common and easy vector surveillance method. This study aims to describe the cases and deaths due to DHF and entomological indicators in Java. This study was further analysis of Special Research Disease of Vector and Reservoir (Rikhus Vektora). Data collection was conducted in 2016 - 2018. The study locations were five provinces on Java Island i.e. East Jawa, West Jawa, Banten, DI Yogyakarta, DKI Jakarta and three districts were each taken. The data of DHF cases and entomology were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that the last two years were 50% districts experienced an increase in DHF cases and 38.9% an increase in deaths. The highest house index was 50% and lowest was 9%, highest larval free rate was 91% and lowest was 50%. The highest container index was 26.48%, lowest was 3.68%, and the highest breteau index was 67, lowest was 11. As many as 73.3% districts have the most water containers were buckets and 26.7% most water containers were bathtubs. Java Island has a medium to high potential region toward DHF transmission occurs. Increased knowledge and skills for eradication mosquito correctly by individually and community needs to be planned and implemented sustainable, to increase community participation as well.

scholarly journals Viral transmission risk factors in an Egyptian population with high hepatitis C prevalence

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kate Mohlman ◽  
Doa’a A. Saleh ◽  
Sameera Ezzat ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Brent Korba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Egyptian Population

scholarly journals Tackling the Threat of Rabies Reintroduction in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Vega ◽  
Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque ◽  
Clara Marin ◽  
Rosana Domingo ◽  
Fernando Fariñas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Virus Control

Rabies is one of the oldest, most important zoonoses worldwide due to its extreme and inevitably lethal nature, causing one death every 9 min worldwide. Recent reports have demonstrated that the Lyssavirus continues more alive than ever, despite the control carried out against the virus throughout Europe. In this context, this work reviews the main immunological implications, transmission risk factors and current prevention measures for virus control in Europe, and especially in Spain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document