scholarly journals HEPATITIS B AND C: FREQUENCY, MODES OF TRANSMISSION AND RISK FACTORS ALONG WITH SOME UNORTHODOX ROUTES OF SPREAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Haider Naqvi ◽  
Abu Talib ◽  
Gohar Baloch ◽  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Zahid Qadari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Leech Therapy ◽  
Ear Piercing

Background: Pakistan's being a country placed in intermediate endemicity zone of HBV and HCV, with rising population, there is lack scarcity of knowledge about transmission of risk factors specially unorthodox and frequency of this health challenge. Methods: A retrospective case control study where case records of all patients aged from 18 - 70 years from 2012 to 2017 with either gender diagnosed as chronic hepatitis B and C were included. Information about shave from barber-shop, sharing of toothbrush at home, tattooing, cautery, and ear piercing were collected. Information about unorthodox risks for transmission of HBV and HCV, like skin branding, cupping of blood, circumcision by the barber, sharing of tooth brushes and leech therapy was collected. Results: Among 1134 patients of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C (HCV), Age > 35 years, shave from barber and dental treatment were found to be risk factor for both HCV and HBV transmission. Amongst unorthodox risk factors like skin branding, cupping of blood, circumcision by the barber, sharing of tooth brushes and leech therapy, only cupping of blood (Hijama) was a significant risk for transmission of both HBV and HCV. Conclusion: Viral related chronic hepatitis is frequently reported problem in this part of the world where HCV supersedes HBV. Socieodemographic factor like age > 35 year, shave from barbers and dental treatment were risk factors for transmission of both HCV and HBV. Among orthodox routes of transmission blood cupping (hijama) has shown as a significant transmission risk for both HCV and HBV.

scholarly journals Vaccination in the Yugoslav National Army: A Significant Risk Factor for Acquiring Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection During Army Service in the Former Yugoslavia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Grasselli Kmet ◽  
Mario Poljak ◽  
Mojca Rajter ◽  
Tanja Selič ◽  
Zvonko Baklan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus

Background: To prevent the spread of infectious diseases, several state armies implemented obligatory vaccination programs also practiced in the former Yugoslav National Army (YNA). Iatrogenic hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmissions during vaccinations in the armies were well documented, but to the best of our knowledge, no such study has been performed in the former Yugoslavia. Objectives: In the present study, we determined risk factors for acquiring chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection in patients in Slovenia. This study focused on the detection of a statistically significant risk factor in males, namely “vaccination in the YNA”. Methods: One thousand seven hundred and twenty-nine patients from all Slovenian regions who tested positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) at the national referential laboratory for viral hepatitis diagnostics between January 1997 and December 2010 were included retrospectively. Accordingly, demographic, epidemiological, virological, and clinical data were extracted from the medical documentation and were statistically analyzed. Results: For 1,122 (64.9%) out of 1,729 patients, data regarding risk factors for acquiring HBV infection were available. The risk factor for infection of almost 60% of HBV chronically infected individuals with available data, followed by “HBV infection in the family” (19.8%) and “blood/blood products transfusion before the nineties” (8%) was unknown. Seven males (0.6%) (mean age ± SD, 53.7 ± 4.50 years) reported “vaccination in the YNA” as a risk factor for acquiring chronic HBV infection. “Vaccination in the YNA” was a significant risk factor for CHB infection in men over 46 years of age (P = 0.006). Conclusions: A significant risk factor for infection in Slovenian men over 46 years of age was identified as “vaccination in the YNA”, which is specific to this geographic region and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described in the peer-reviewed literature.

IL-18 and IL-1β Gene Polymorphisms: The Plausible Risk Factors for Chronic Hepatitis B

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Sahar Amirpour-Rostami ◽  
Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with hypophosphatemia in chronic Hepatitis B patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (50) ◽  
pp. e18351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dohyeong Lee ◽  
Byung Cheol Yun ◽  
Kwang Il Seo ◽  
Byung Hoon Han ◽  
Sang Uk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Factors Associated

Diagnosis of Chronic Hepatitis B Peri‐Complication: Risk factors and Trends over Time

Hepatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Lapointe‐Shaw ◽  
Hannah Chung ◽  
Laura Holder ◽  
Jeffrey C. Kwong ◽  
Beate Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Complication Risk ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time
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