scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein level, and an anabolic steroid, ethylestrenol, on the growth, food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Ince ◽  
K. P. Lone ◽  
A. J. Matty
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

1. Three isoenergetic test diets containing 320, 430 and 530 g protein/kg, with (experimental) and without (control) inclusion of an anabolic steroid, ethylestrenol, were given to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of mean initial weight 27 g, for 60 d.2. After 60 d, all trout groups were given an identical, steroid-free, commercial diet (410 g protein/kg) for a further 30 d, to observe withdrawal effects on growth.3. The weight and length of trout given the 430 and 530 g protein/kg control diets were significantly greater after 60 d than those given the 320 g protein/kg control diet.4. Inclusion of steroid enhanced the weight and length of trout given the 320 and 430 g protein/kg experimental diets, exerting a preferential effect on weight as opposed to length.5. After steroid withdrawal, a significant difference between the weight and length of the 320 g protein/kg control and experimental groups was still apparent.6. An increase in dietary protein increased the food conversion efficiency, and decreased the protein efficiency ratio. Inclusion of steroid increased both these factors over the respective controls.7. Protein assimilation decreased, and faecal nitrogen content increased with increasing dietary protein. In trout given steroid, protein assimilation and apparent digestibility was higher, and facecal N content, lower than the controls.8. Muscle protein increased with increasing dietary protein, and was higher in trout given steroid.9. Relative liver weight increased with increasing dietary protein. Inclusion of steroid resulted in a reduction in relative liver and gut weight, and an increase in kidney weight.10. It is concluded that ethylestrenol promotes both the growth and efficiency of nutrient utilization of trout. The magnitude and duration of these effects are a function of the dietary protein level.

Influence of Salinity on Protein Requirements of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Zeitoun ◽  
J. E. Halver ◽  
D. E. Ullrey ◽  
P. I. Tack
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Major Consequence ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Representative Samples

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) juveniles maintained at 10 and 20 ppt salinity were fed seven diet treatments from 30 to 60% protein in 5% increments for 10 weeks. The fish were stocked in cones, initially 50 fish per cone. Biweekly weights of diets and fish were determined and mortality was recorded daily. Percentage weight gain, gross diet efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) were computed. The minimum protein levels required for fish to achieve highest performance using these criteria were 40 and 45% for those maintained at 10 and 20 ppt, respectively. Mortality was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for fish maintained at the higher salinity. Analyses of the fish carcasses were conducted at the beginning and end of the experiment on representative samples to estimate the grams protein retained and apparent net protein utilization (N.P.U.) to verify the above findings. All the available data showed that dietary protein was of major consequence on all measurements until the minimum required level of protein in the diet was reached, while salinity was of minor consequence. P.E.R. and apparent N.P.U. were 2.10 and 34.4, respectively, for casein diets at the 40% protein level.

Performance of broilers and rabbits given diets containing full fat neem (Azadirachta indica) seed meal

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Salawut ◽  
S. K. Adedeji ◽  
W. H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractExperiments were carried out to establish the suitability of full fat neem seed meal (FFNSM) in broiler and growing rabbit diets. In the broiler experiment, 200-day-old (Babcock) broiler chicks were used in a 10-week trial, with the FFNSM fixed at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg diet. In the rabbit experiment 24 rabbits of three different breeds were used in an 8-week trial, with the FFNSM fixed at 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/kg diet. The criteria of response were food intake, weight gain, food conversion and protein efficiency ratio and mortality. There was a significant (P < 0·05) negative correlation between the dietary inclusion of FFNSM, weight gain and food conversion efficiency of the birds in the starter phase. In the finisher phase from 5 to 10 weeks, food intake, weight gain, food conversion and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) between the birds on the control diet and diets containing up to 75 g FFNSM per kg. For all the measurements, rabbits on the diet with 100 g FFNSM per kg gave better results than the control. Food intake, weight gain, food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) between rabbits on control diet and the diet containing 200 g FFNSM per kg. Performance on the diet with 300 g FFNSM per kg was poorest.

scholarly journals Growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens fed varied dietary protein levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
V. U. Oleforuh-Okoleh, ◽  
I. J. Nte ◽  
Q. Onyegbule
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Local Chickens

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens (NLC) fed varied dietary protein levels. An eleven week feeding trial was done in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement using six treatment groups comprising a combination of two genotypes of the NLC identified as normal feather (na) and naked neck (Na) and three dietary protein levels - high protein: HP (22% and 20% CP chick mash and grower mash respectively), medium protein: MP (20% and 18% chick mash and grower mash respectively) and low protein: LP (18% and 16% chick mash and grower mash). Data were collected on growth performance traits (body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio). At the end of the feeding trial a haematological assay was done. Neither genotype nor interaction of genotype and dietary protein level influenced (p>0.05) any of the growth performance traits studied. Birds on HP ate 10.21% and 7.09% less feed than those on MP and LP respectively. A better (p<0.05) protein efficiency ratio (up to 20.79%) was observed in birds fed LP. Na birds had 4.55% and 17.50x103 L-1 more packed cell volume and platelets respectively than na birds (p<0.05). All haematological traits studied, except white blood cell count, showed significant variations (p<0.05) due to varied dietary protein levels. Higher haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and platelets were observed in birds fed LP diet. Reducing the dietary protein level had no adverse effect on the NLC thus, the LP diet is recommended for raising the Nigerian local chicken.

scholarly journals Growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens fed varied dietary protein levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
V. U. Oleforuh-Okoleh ◽  
I. J. Nte ◽  
Q. Onyegbule
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Local Chickens

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance and haematological traits of Nigerian local chickens (NLC) fed varied dietary protein levels. An eleven week feeding trial was done in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement using six treatment groups comprising a combination of two genotypes of the NLC' identified as normal leather (na) and naked neck (Na) and three dietary protein levels - high protein: HP (22% and 20% CP chick mash and grower mash respectively), medium protein: MP (20% and 18% chick mash and grower mash respectively) and low protein: LP (18% and 16% chick mash and grower mash). Data were collected on growth performance traits (body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio). At the end of the feeding trial a haematological assay was done. Neither genotype nor interaction of genotype and dietary protein level influenced (p>0.05) any of the growth performance traits studied. Birds on HP ate 10.21% and 7.09% less feed than those on MP and LP respectively. A better (p<0.05) protein efficiency ratio (up 10 20.79%) was observed in birds fed LP. Na birds had 4.55% and 17.50x704L-1 more packed cell volume and platelets respectively than na birds (p<0.05). All haematological traits studied, except white blood cell count, showed significant variations (p<0.05) due to varied dietary protein levels. Higher haemoglobin, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and platelets were observed in birds fed LP diet. Reducing the dietary protein level had no adverse effect on the NLC thus, the LP diet is recommended for raising the Nigerian local chicken.

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