MRI-Based Normative Measurement of the Ocular Globe Position in Relation to Inter-Zygomatic Line among Nepalese Subjects

Introduction: Proptosis and enophthalmos are cardinal signs of many orbito-ocular and systemic diseases. The need for an imaging parameter that will aid its early detection is necessary, as visual compromise is a major consequence if they are not diagnosed and managed early. Methodology: This prospective study was performed in a tertiary center. Data were collected over the period of January to April 2021 with total of 300 normal ocular globes. The measurement was done at the level of lens (midglobe section) on T2-weighted axial image. Results: The distance between the anterior margin and inter zygomatic line of the right ocular globe was 16.95 ± 1.48 mm (ranged 14.2 - 20.5 mm) and that of left was 16.86 ± 1.38 mm (ranged 14.2 - 20.3 mm). The position of the globes showed no statistically significant differences among gender groups in our study and the position of the right globe within the orbit was significantly different from that of the left orbit. Conclusion: The position of the globes showed higher values in males than in female. However, a statistically significant difference in globe position was observed between right and left orbits. The distance between the posterior margin of the globe and the inter zygomatic line was found to be lower among the Nepalese population compared with other population.

Serological Parameters and Vascular Investigation for a Better Assessment in DVT during Pregnancy—A Systematic Review

Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent a condition characterized by a thrombotic predisposition. The majority of pregnant women do not face acute or severe thrombotic events. In general, mild inconveniences such as leg swelling or moderately painful thrombotic events (phlebitis) are encountered. However, when pregnancy is associated with inherited or acquired deficits that affect homeostasis, the risk of acute or even life-threatening events can increase significantly. The major consequence is the loss of the fetus or the venous thromboembolism that endangers the mother’s life. Venous thromboembolism is caused by deep vein thrombosis, therefore timely detection and especially the assessment of the extent of the thrombotic event are crucial. In this paper we have summarized the most important paraclinical investigations. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting the methods of investigation. The right choice allows establishing a correct diagnosis and individualizing the treatment.

Technical Note: Coccygeal vein catheterization for sampling of reproductive tract-derived products from the uterine–ovarian drainage

Blood sample collection from the caudal vena cava at the site of uterine–ovarian drainage provides a more exact evaluation of the concentration and pattern of secretion of uterine or ovarian secreted products for studies of reproductive processes in cyclic and pregnant cattle compared with samples collected from general circulation. This paper describes a thorough and updated procedure for cannulating the coccygeal vein into the caudal vena cava for the collection of serial blood samples at or near the site of uterine–ovarian drainage. Concentrations of progesterone were quantified in cows of different reproductive tract sizes with an active corpus luteum to assess the distance for proper catheter placement compared with circulating concentrations collected from the jugular vein. This procedure has a low risk for side effects, can be used effectively in pregnant animals with no major consequence to the viability of the pregnancy, and provides means for frequent collections up to 12 d.

Non-binary sexual and gender identities in the community

The Maml?k jurist ?Abd al-Ra??m al-Isnaw?’s legal manual on the cases involving a khunth? (an intersex person) was comprehensive on matters of religious practice. It allows us to understand the underlying doctrinal strategies that the jurists used in regulating the khunth?’s access to public life. This article attempts to examine specific strategies that al-Isnaw? used in his legal manual’s chapter on ?al?h (ritual prayer). Through an exploration of the doctrines in the chapter affecting a khunth?’s comportment and location, I assess the possible consequences of such doctrines on the life of a khunth?. The major consequence is the khunth?’s social isolation in the name of accommodating them in a community’s mosque by providing a specific row for them. The accommodation requires outing a khunth? as such within the community space, leading to further isolation, even when the khunth? is not a singular subject within the community.

Neuronal death in pneumococcal meningitis is triggered by pneumolysin and pilus-1 interactions with β-actin

Neuronal damage is a major consequence of bacterial meningitis, but little is known about mechanisms that lead to neuronal death. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and many survivors develop neurological sequelae after the acute infection has resolved, possibly due to neuronal damage. Here, we studied mechanisms for pneumococcal interactions with neurons. Using human primary neurons and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that pneumococci interact with the cytoskeleton protein β-actin through the pilus-1 adhesin RrgA and the cytotoxin pneumolysin (Ply), thereby promoting adhesion and uptake into neurons and neuronal death. Using our bacteremia-derived meningitis mouse model, we observed that RrgA- and Ply-expressing pneumococci co-localize with neuronal β-actin. We found that pneumococcal-infected neurons show increased intracellular Ca2+ levels depending on RrgA and mainly Ply which likely cause actin cytoskeleton disassembly leading to neuronal damage. Finally, neuronal death caused by pneumococcal infection could be inhibited using antibody against β-actin.

Nostalgia and pastiche in the post-postmodern zeitgeist: The ‘postcar’ from Italy

The transition towards a post-postmodern zeitgeist has attracted much scholarly attention over the last decade, highlighting the major traits of the coming post-postmodern condition, such as sincerity challenging irony, reconstruction despite paradoxes, hope despite difficult circumstances and structure counterbalancing anti-structure in lived experience. Nevertheless, we know little about what is happening with regard to nostalgia, a key characteristic of postmodernity, especially in terms of one of its major components, pastiche. From the start of the 1990s, marketing research on postmodern nostalgia and pastiche has largely focused on different models of cars. Through an interpretive analysis focusing on the dual comeback of an Italian car, the Giulia, this article aims to investigate the existence and forms that nostalgia and pastiche take under the new zeitgeist. It highlights a mutation of nostalgia that is becoming regenerative. The major consequence of this is the changing nature of pastiche, from stylistic to essentialist. Our understanding of the coming zeitgeist has also improved: in addition to confirming the major features of post-postmodernity already established in the literature, this study argues that the possibility of a (mini)miracle is another key feature of our times.

Locating pressures on water, energy and land resources across global supply chains

Measures which address the degradation and over-exploitation of natural resources are urgently needed, in individual countries and globally. However, the extraction and use of natural resources is highly interconnected, spatially and sectorally, within a complex web of interactions and feedbacks. Conventional resource footprinting does not reveal how pressures on natural resources are distributed across country and sector supply networks. Within this study pressures across the global water, energy and land (WEL) system are located within the supply networks of 189 countries and 24 global sectors. Pathways of water, energy and land use are found to be mainly indirect, arising from country and sector resource dependencies on immediate (Scope 2) and upstream (Scope 3) producers in their supply network. However, the distribution of these pressures is found to exhibit a high level of variation within and between national and sectoral supply networks and resource systems. Such differences in the resource pressure profile of countries and sectors is scarcely recognised by existing modelling approaches or supplier reporting guidelines, but is of major consequence for the study and management of pressures across the WEL system. If measures are not taken to extend accountability for the indirect pressures imposed across the WEL system, the resource burden of consumption will be greatly mismanaged.

Husserl’s Theory of Communication

This article outlines the emergence of Husserl’s theory of ‘communication proper’ ( Mitteilung or Kommunikation) in the context of his genetic analyses of intersubjectivity. It defines the meaning and function of Mitteilung in contradistinction with the notion of empathy and thus demonstrates its distinct generative constitution. I propose that Mitteilung has the capacity to cancel the ‘operative’ opposition between social acts and instinctive intersubjectivity and thus to frame a non-determinist theory of sociality. This capacity is largely ignored by the dominant interpretation, according to which the concept of communication in Husserl is derivative of the more fundamental category of empathy. A major consequence to this argument is that it determines why eminent readers of Husserl such as Derrida have missed an important opportunity when they failed to notice the distinct role of Mitteilung. This alternative view is expanded onto communication media in general by taking Kittler’s project as a vantage point.

Coinage and the Egyptian Economy

A major consequence of the integration of Egypt into the Achameneid Empire was its newfound need for silver in order to make tribute payments. This was achieved by selling grain and other products to the Greeks. As a result Egypt acquired large quantities of Athenian tetradrachms, which became so prominent that by the end of the fifth century it appeared as a unit of account in Demotic and Aramaic documents, and was even imitated by the Egyptians. Indeed, the tetradrachm was so prevalent that during the Second Persian Period imitations of it were even issued in the names of the satraps Sabaces and Mazaces, and of Artaxerxes III himself. In this respect Achaemenid rule played an important yet indirect role in setting Egypt on the road to monetization.