Energy intake, expenditure and pattern of daily activity of Nigerian male students

1. Twenty apparently healthy and normal Nigerian male students, resident at the University of Ibadan campus, were studied for seven consecutive days to assess their food energy intake and expenditure and pattern of their daily activities.2. The mean age (years) of the group was 24.0 (SD 3.23, range 20–30), mean height (m) 1.71 (SD 0.06, range 1.61–1.84) and body-weight (kg) was 61.1 (SD 5.01, range 51.0–69.5).3. The food intake of each subject was obtained by direct weighing and its energy value determined using a ballistic bomb calorimeter. Patterns of daily activities were recorded and the energy costs of representative activities were determined by indirect calorimetry.4. Activities mainly involved sitting, mean 580 (SD 167, range 394–732) min/d. Sleeping and standing activities took a mean of 445 (SD 112) and 115 (SD 75) min/d respectively. Personal domestic activities took a mean of 94 (SD 40) min/d.5. The mean energy intake of the group was 11 182 (SD 1970) kJ/d or 183 (SD 32) kJ/kg body-weight per d. This value is lower than the 12.5 MJ/d recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) (1973) as the energy requirement for an adult man engaged in moderate activities, but it is higher than the FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) (1985) recommended value of 10.8 MJ/d for a male office clerk (light activity). It is also lower than the recommended energy requirement of 11.6 MJ/d for a subsistence farmer (moderately active work) (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985).6. The mean energy expenditure of the male subjects was 9876 (SD 1064, range 7159–12259) kJ/d and was lower than mean intake.7. The energy intake and expenditure values indicated that the groups participating in the present study were not physically very active. It is an indication that the Nigerian male students expended less but probably consumed more energy than required. It is suggested for health reasons and for mental fitness that the Nigerian male students might undertake more physical exercise.

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Natural Occurrence of Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Corn from Three Main Production Provinces in China

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-103 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 1374-1378 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Y. Z. FENG ◽

X. H. LU ◽

B. TAO ◽

M. H. PANG ◽

Y. C. LIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Additives ◽

Daily Intake ◽

World Health ◽

Expert Committee ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Main Production ◽

Health Organization

A total of 255 corn samples collected in 2010 from three main corn production provinces of China (Liaoning, Shandong, and Henan) were analyzed for contamination with fumonisins (FB1 and FB2). The incidence of contamination was significantly higher in samples from Liaoning than in samples from the other two provinces. Approximately 80.0% of the samples from Liaoning were contaminated with fumonisins, with a mean total fumonisin concentration of 3,990 ng/g. In contrast, the mean total fumonisin concentrations were 845 and 665 ng/g in samples from Shandong and Henan, respectively. The probable daily intake of fumonisins (0.3 μg/kg of body weight) is within the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2.0 μg/kg of body weight set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives.

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Energy intakes, anthropometry and body composition of Nigerian adolescent girls: a case study of an institutionalized secondary school in Ibadan

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970052 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 497-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Abiodun H. Cole ◽

Omowumi O. Taiwo ◽

Ngozi I. Nwagbara ◽

Cornelia E. Cole

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

World Health ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

Twenty-two apparently healthy Nigerian adolescent girls aged 11–17 years residing in a hostel, were studied over five consecutive days in order to assess their energy intake (EI), energy cost of specific activities and body composition (BC). The mean characteristics of the group were: height 1·58 (SD 0·1, range 1·42–1·68) m, body weight 49·1 (SD 7·9, range 34·0–61·0) kg and BMI 19·5 (SD 2·0, range 16·0-23·0) kg/m2. The food intake of each subject was assessed by direct weighing and its energy value was determined by means of a ballistic bomb calorimeter. BMR values were calculated according to Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) (1985) equations. Percentage body fat (BF %) values were derived from three skinfold thickness measurements, using population-specific equations. The adolescents' mean daily EI was found to be 6510 (SD 855) kJ/d (138·3 (SD 27·8) kJ/kg body weight per d) which is lower than the FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) calculated energy requirement of 8800 kJ/d for adolescent girls aged 12–14 years. The contributions of specific nutrients and individual meals to the total EI were: carbohydrate, protein and fat, 59·2, 12·5 and 28·3 % of energy respectively and breakfast, lunch and supper, 21·5, 41·0 and 37·4 % respectively. However, the mean BMR was 5627kJ/d, which is comparable with that given by FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) for adolescent girls aged 13–14 years. The mean BF % was found to be 21·7. The comparatively low EI of the participants in the present study may be indicative of energy deficiency in their meals. This assumption is also reflected in their BC values. Nevertheless, further studies of this kind on adolescents in Nigeria are needed to confirm these observations.

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Daily Intakes of THbutyltin and THphenyltin Compounds from Meals

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/78.4.941 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 941-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Taizo Tsuda ◽

Tomohiro Inoue ◽

Mihoko Kojima ◽

Shigeru Aoki

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

World Health Organization ◽

World Health ◽

Market Basket ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Duplicate Portion ◽

Health Organization ◽

Daily Intakes

Abstract Daily intakes of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds from meals in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, were investigated by 2 methods. Daily intakes of TBT and TPT by the duplicate portion method were, respectively, 4.7 and 0.7 μg in 1991 and 2.2 and 0.7 μg in 1992. Those by the market basket method were, respectively, 6.9 and 5.4 μg in 1991 and 6.7 and 1.3 μg in 1992. Daily intakes of TBT and TPT by the market basket method were higher than those by the duplicate portion method. These values were considerably lower than acceptable daily intakes of 80 μg/50 kg body weight specified by the Welfare Ministry of Japan for bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide and of 25 μg/50 kg body weight specified by the Food and Agriculture Organization/ World Health Organization for TPT.

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Food intake and energy expenditure of Nigerian female students

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19870039 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 309-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. H. Cole ◽

R. F. Ogungbe

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Rural Women ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Female Students ◽

World Health ◽

Adult Women ◽

The Mean

1. Twenty apparently healthy and normal Nigerian female students, resident at the University of Ibadan campus, were studied for seven consecutive days to assess their food energy intake and energy expenditure during sedentary and physical activities.2. The mean age (years) of the group was 20.05 (SD 3.44, range 16–29), mean height (m) 1.62 (SD 0.07, range 1.47–1.74) and body-weight (kg) 51.28 (SD 3.21, range 46–58).3. The food intake of each subject was obtained by direct weighing, and the energy value determined using a ballistic bomb calorimeter. Daily activities were recorded and the energy cost of representative activities was determined by indirect calorimetry.4. Activities mainly involved sitting, mean (min/d) 354 (SD 84, range 253–475). Personal domestic activities took a mean of 162 (SD 73) min/d. Sleeping took a mean of 451 (SD 62) min/d.5. The mean energy intake of the group was 8480 (SD 1316) kJ/d or 167 (SD 30.6) kJ/kg body-weight per d. This value is lower than that recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) (1973) as the energy requirement for adult women engaged in light activities (9205 kJ/d), but it is higher than the FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) (1985) recommended value of 8326 kJ (1990 kcal)/d for a housewife in an affluent society. It is lower than the recommended intake of 9350 kJ/d for rural women in developing countries (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985).6. The mean energy expenditure (kJ/d) of the female subjects was 6865 (SD 214, range 6519–7222). Mean energy expenditure was lower than mean energy intake.7. The energy intake and expenditure values indicated that the subjects participating in the present study were not physically very active. It is suggested, for health reasons, that they might undertake more physical activity.

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TRENDS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.10.5.619 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 619-623

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

United States Government ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Equatorial Africa ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

The United Nations ◽

Health Organization ◽

Emergency Fund

IT APPEARS timely to call attention again to the work and objectives of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. Particularly noteworthy is the trend to use this fund more and more in efforts to help other nations help themselves. Thus the mass attack on tuberculosis, yaws and malaria are, it is hoped, bringing those diseases into proportions where their continued control can be more effectively managed. Similarly, increasing attention is being given to the training of professional and technical personnel. The plans and long-range purpose of the UNICEF have recently been described by Maurice Pate, Executive Director of the fund: "Five years ago, in May 1947, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund received its first pledge of support, a contribution of $15,000,000 from the United States Government. A number of other pledges and contributions soon followed, and procurement of supplies was begun. By the middle of 1948, those supplies were reaching several million children. "Those early beginnings were in the minds of many of us at the recent meeting of the Fund's 26-nation Executive Board (April 22-24), for on that occasion UNICEF's aid was extended to the only remaining area of need in which it had not been operating— Africa, south of the Sahara. "In the Belgian Congo, French Equatorial Africa, Liberia, Togoland, the Cameroons and West Africa, UNICEF, side by side with the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization, will soon be working with the governments and people on a number of child-health projects. The largest of these is to be an attack on kwashiokor, a dietary deficiency disease that affects thousands of young children in these regions.

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