scholarly journals Uniformly 14C-labelled plant cell walls: Production, analysis and behaviour in rat gastrointestinal tract

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Gray ◽  
S. C. Fry ◽  
M. A. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides

Uniformly 14C-labelled primary cell walls (14C-PCW) were purified from suspension-cultured cells of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in a medium containing D-[U-14C]glucose. The approximate polymer composition of the 14C-PCW preparation (% total 14C) was homogalacturonan 30,rhamnogalacturonan 23, xyloglucan 10, other hemicelluloses 3, cellulose 21, lignin 0,14C-labelled protein < 3 and [14C]starch < 2. The degree of methyl esterification of the pectic polysaccharides was about 25%. The 14C-PCW contained about 4% O-acetyl and 3% non-volatile ester-linked residues. When tracer levels of these 14C-PCW were fed to rats, only about 18% of the 14C appeared in the faeces;negligible levels of 14C (0.07%) remained in the gut contents 4 d after feeding. Some 14C was present in the carcass. The results show that U-14C-labelled primary cell walls can be purified and radiochemically analysed by the methods developed here, and that primary cell walls are extensively fermented by the gut microflora of the rat.

Static and dynamic light-scattering studies of pectic polysaccharides from the middle lamellae and primary cell walls of cider apples

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen D. Chapman ◽  
Victor J. Morris ◽  
Robert R. Selvendran ◽  
Malcolm A. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides

scholarly journals Molecular cohesion in plant cell walls. Methylation analysis of pectic polysaccharides from the cotyledons of white mustard

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Rees ◽  
N. J. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Derivatives Of

Methylation analysis was used to characterize the pectic polysaccharides from mustard cotyledons, a tissue with potential for rapid biological change involving the walls. The methylated sugars were identified by g.l.c. and paper chromatography after conversion of uronic acid derivatives into [3H]hexoses, and confirmed by the formation of crystalline derivatives of most of the main products, which were: 2,3-di-O-methyl-d-[6−3H]galactose, 2-O-methyl-d-[6−3H]galactose, 3,4-di-O-methylrhamnose, 3-O-methylrhamnose, 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2,3-di-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-d-xylose and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-galactose in the molar proportions 1·00:1·14:0·54:0·74:2·86:2·50:2·24:1·88:0·32. The structural units present are similar to those in wellknown polysaccharides from mature tissues, but their proportions are strikingly different. Uninterrupted and unbranched galacturonan segments can therefore contribute little cohesion to these walls, and it is suggested that this correlates with a function of the wall matrix to hydrate and permit readjustment, during germination, of structural elements or wall surfaces or both.

Actuation systems in plants as prototypes for bioinspired devices

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1893) ◽  
pp. 1541-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Burgert ◽  
Peter Fratzl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Geometrical Constraints ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Dead Tissue ◽  
Shape And Size

Plants have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to actuate organ movement. The osmotic influx and efflux of water in living cells can cause a rapid movement of organs in a predetermined direction. Even dead tissue can be actuated by a swelling or drying of the plant cell walls. The deformation of the organ is controlled at different levels of tissue hierarchy by geometrical constraints at the micrometre level (e.g. cell shape and size) and cell wall polymer composition at the nanoscale (e.g. cellulose fibril orientation). This paper reviews different mechanisms of organ movement in plants and highlights recent research in the field. Particular attention is paid to systems that are activated without any metabolism. The design principles of such systems may be particularly useful for a biomimetic translation into active technical composites and moving devices.

scholarly journals ELECTRON-OPAQUE FIBRILS AND GRANULES IN AND BETWEEN THE CELL WALLS OF HIGHER PLANTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Leppard ◽  
J. Ross Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Cell Wall Matrix

The components of higher-plant cell walls which become electron-opaque after staining with ruthenium-osmium were studied by electron microscopy. A fibrillar material which absorbs this stain is a major wall constituent in the root epidermal cells of carrot and morning glory. In both form and size, these fibrils resemble those found on the surface of suspension-cultured cells of the same species Some cells of woody species show an irregular distribution of electron-opaque material in the cell wall matrix and middle lamella. This material, which has an amorphous appearance with many electron stains, is shown by ruthenium-osmium staining to be an aggregate of discrete granules, 150–220 A in diameter. These observations are not consistent with the concept of the cell wall matrix and middle lamella as an amorphous, uniform gel

scholarly journals Borate-Rhamnogalacturonan II Bonding Reinforced by Ca2+ Retains Pectic Polysaccharides in Higher-Plant Cell Walls

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Kobayashi ◽  
Hironobu Nakagawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Asaka ◽  
Toru Matoh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan Ii

Freeze-dried surface replicas of tobacco pectin gels and noncutinized lower epidermal cell surfaces compared

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
George C. Ruben ◽  
Gordon H. Bokelman ◽  
Howard H. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
Pectic Acid ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Freeze Dried

Pectic polysaccharides play an important role in the extracellular matrix of land plant tissues. Pectins are found in primary cell walls and in the connecting region between cells, the middle lamella. These polysaccharides are thought to function as a binding material within cell walls and between cells. Pectins contain galacturonosyl residues as a major constituent and varying amounts of neutral sugar residues. A portion of the galacturonosyl residues are methyl-esterlfted. Calcium salts of pectin are thought to be present in primary cell walls and middle lamella. The structure of the calcium bond between interfiber galacturonosyl residues has been suggested by x-ray fiber diffraction work. The pectic acid unit cell indicates that the galacturonosyl residue as viewed down the chain axis is roughly 7.2 x 6.8Å along the two crystallographlc a and b axes. One or two waters of hydration can Increase this size by 3-6Å In freeze-etched preparations or an associated calcium Ion can Increase Its cross-sectional dimensions by about 2Å.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document